土壤微生物与根系呼吸作用影响因子分析

土壤呼吸作用作为陆地生态系统碳循环的重要组成部分,是当前碳循环研究中的热点问题.对于土壤呼吸作用主要组成部分土壤微生物呼吸作用和根系呼吸作用影响因子的研究,有助于准确地评估全球碳收支.本文从气候、土壤、植被及地表覆被物、大气CO2浓度、人为干扰等方面综述了土壤微生物呼吸作用和根系呼吸作用的主导影响因子,指出这些影响因子不仅直接或间接地影响土壤微生物呼吸作用和根系呼吸作用,而且它们之间相互作用、相互影响,且各影响因子的地位和作用会随时空尺度变化发生相应改变.在此基础上,论文提出了未来土壤呼吸作用的研究重点.

P/O-丁酰基苯酚的土壤微生物生态效应

研究了p/o-丁酰基苯酚对土壤微生物活性的影响,结果表明:p/o-丁酰基苯酚在所设计的浓度下,对土壤呼吸作用、过氧化氢酶和脲酶活性没有显著影响。对土壤放线菌数量没有影响;对真菌数量影响不大;对细菌数量的影响则为先抑制,且随浓度增大抑制作用增强,后逐渐恢复稳定。

Soil Microbial Population in the Vicinity of the Bean Caper(Zygophyllum dumosum)Root Zone in a Desert System

The aim of the current study was to gain a better understanding of the changes in soil microbial biomass and basal respiration dynamics in the vicinity of the bean caper （Zygophyllura duraosura） perennial desert shrub and the inter-shrub sites. Microbial biomasses as well as basal respiration were found to be significantly greater in the soil samples taken beneath the Z. duraosura shrubs than from the inter-shrub sampling sites, with no differences between the two sampling layers （0-10 and 10-20 cm） throughout the study period. However, seasonal changes were observed due to autumn dew formation, which significantly affected microbial biomass and basal respiration in the upper-layer inter-shrub locations. The calculated metabolic coefficient （qCO2） revealed significant differences between the two sampling sites as well as between the two soil layers, elucidating the abiotic effect between the sites throughout the study period. The substrate availability index was found to significantly demonstrate the differences between the two sites, elucidating the significant contribution of Z. duraosura in food source availability and in moderating harsh abiotic components. The importance of basal microbial parameters and the derived indices as tools demonstrated the importance and need for basic knowledge in understanding plant-soil interactions determined by an unpredictable and harsh desert environment.

Relationship Between Vegetation Restoration and Soil Microbial Characteristics in Degraded Karst Regions: A Case Study

The mechanism of vegetation restoration on degraded karst regions has been a research focus of soil science and ecology for the last decade.In an attempt to preferably interpret the soil microbiological characteristic variation associated with vegetation restoration and further to explore the role of soil microbiology in vegetation restoration mechanism of degraded karst regions,we measured microbial biomass C and basal respiration in soils during vegetation restoration in Zhenfeng County of southwestern Guizhou Province,China.The community level physiological profiles(CLPP) of the soil microbial community to were estimated determine if vegetation changes were accompanied by changes in functioning of soil microbial communities.The results showed that soil microbial biomass C and microbial quotient(microbial biomass C/organic C) tended to increase with vegetation restoration,being in the order arboreal community stage > shrubby community stage > herbaceous community stage > bare land stage.Similar trend was found in the change of basal respiration(BR).The metabolic quotient(the ratio of basal respiration to microbial biomass,qCO 2) decreased with vegetation restoration,and remained at a constantly low level in the arboreal community stage.Analyses of the CLPP data indicated that vegetation restoration tended to result in higher average well color development,substrate richness,and functional diversity.Average utilization of specific substrate guilds was highest in the arboreal community stage.Principle component analysis of the CLPP data further indicated that the arboreal community stage was distinctly different from the other three stages.In conclusion,vegetation restoration improved soil microbial biomass C,respiration,and utilization of carbon sources,and decreased qCO 2,thus creating better soil conditions,which in turn could promote the restoration of vegetation on degraded karst regions.