水温和余氯耦合条件下泥蚶内脏团微生物群落组成动态

为研究核电站温排水污染对泥蚶内脏团微生物群落组成的影响,通过室内模拟核电站温排水的余氯残留和温升效应进行了为期20 d的胁迫实验,比较分析了29℃下,游离和化合余氯胁迫组对泥蚶内脏团微生物组成的影响。结果显示,泥蚶内脏团中优势微生物主要为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、软壁菌门(Tenericutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria),占运算分类单元(operational taxonomic unit,OTU)总数64.71%以上。相较于对照组,游离余氯组和化合余氯组中黄杆菌科替代弧菌科成为优势菌。化合余氯组的平均OTU数显著低于对照组和游离余氯组(P<0.05),而对照组与游离余氯组无显著差异(P>0.05),同时化合余氯组特有OTU数量比对照组少43.3%。与对照组相比,化合余氯组的Ace和Chao指数分别显著降低了33.77%和29.67%,而Shannon指数和Simpson指数无显著性差异(P>0.05)。主坐标分析(principal co-ordinates analysis,PCoA)结果显示,短期的温排水胁迫未显著改变泥蚶内脏团微生物群落结构,仅扩大了群落间遗传差异。共现性网络分析显示,相较于对照组,游离余氯组关键种群增加了黄杆菌科(flavobacteriaceae)和微球菌科(Micrococcaceae),而化合余氯组微生物互作网络被明显削弱。研究结果表明,游离余氯和化合余氯与温升耦合胁迫均会对泥蚶内脏团菌群造成不利影响,其中游离余氯改变了优势种群组成,降低了原有优势种群丰度,而化合余氯大幅降低了菌群特有种多样性,并削弱了微生物种群之间的相互作用。长期来看,化合余氯较游离余氯对泥蚶内脏团菌群影响更大。本研究可为核电站温排水所造成的余氯污染对海洋生物体内微生物群落的影响研究提供参考,并且为生态风险评估提供科学依据。

一种微生物絮团的生化分析及其对凡纳滨对虾免疫力的影响

利用红糖与尿素为碳氮源在自然海水中培养微生物絮团,获得絮团产物,其离心后进行初步的生化分析表明,絮团产物上清液中微生物胞外产物重均分子量为213 281 u。絮团沉淀物中多糖含量占29.6%,氨基酸含量占12.6%。将絮团产物按0、0.02%、0.1%、0.5%、2.5%的比例添加至低蛋白饵料中投喂凡纳滨对虾,14 d后分别测定实验对虾血清溶菌活力、抗菌活力和酚氧化酶活力,结果显示,在饵料中添加微生物絮团浓度为2.5%的对虾血清中抗菌与溶菌活力最高,添加微生物絮团浓度为0.5%与2.5%的对虾血清中酚氧化酶活力较低蛋白饵料对照组显著提高。用哈维氏弧菌感染实验对虾后,饵料中添加0.1%微生物絮团产物组对虾的死亡率最低。综合分析认为,凡纳滨对虾摄食微生物絮团后,能够显著提高对虾的非特异免疫力,抗微生物感染的能力得到增强。

Comparison of microbial communities in three different mine drainages and their bioleaching efficiencies to low grade of chalcopyrite

Microbial community diversities in the drainage from three mines(Dexing Copper Mine,Qibaoshan Copper Mine and Yaogangxian Tungsten Mine,China)were analyzed using 16S rDNA PCR-RFLP approach.The efficiencies of chalcopyrite bioleaching were compared using enrichment of the three cultures.Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the dominant microorganisms are clustered with the Proteobacteria,the remaining is affiliated with Nitrospira,Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria.At the genus level,Acidithiobacillus is the dominant group in both YTW and QBS samples,while Spingomonas is dominant in YGX sample.Moreover,the principal component analysis(PCA)reveals that QBS and YTW have similar geochemical character and microbial communities.The results also show that pH value and tungsten concentration play a key role in microbial community distribution and relative abundance.The bioleaching efficiency of the enrichment cultures from YTW and QBS is similar.After 15 d,the bioleaching rates of low grade chalcopyrite(0.99%)are both up to 99.5% when using 10 g/L pulp density due to the similar microbial composition of YTW and QBS.Moreover,the leaching efficiencies of enrichment cultures containing multiple bioleaching microorganisms are higher than that of pure culture Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans.

Research Progress of Soil Microbiology

This paper aims at summarized the research progress of soil microbes,in amount of soil microbes including bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes,soil microbial biomass,including microbial biomass carbon,microbial biomass nitrogen and microbial biomass phosphorus,function of microbial and screening and application of beneficial microorganisms etc.,and future research are discussed combined with our project team for many years of work.