在不同基质表面微生物粘膜中海洋细菌的数量变化

在青岛近岸海区两个不同地点，分别进行浸海挂 片实验来研究四种不同基质表面(玻片、钢片以及涂有防污漆、防锈漆的玻片)微生物粘膜中 细菌的数量。结果表明，海洋细菌在四种试验基质表面都能形成微生物粘膜，而且随浸海时 间延长，不同基质表面异养菌数都呈增加趋势，特别是浸海1d内为细菌快速附着生长的增长 期，而后出现一个相对平缓的生长期。总的说来，涂有防污漆、防锈漆的玻片表面附着异养 菌数较多，且增长较快，而钢片和玻片表面异养菌数较少，增长较缓慢。玻片表面粘膜中， 细菌总数和活菌数变化趋势基本一致，没有显著差异。

免耕条件下覆盖作物对微生物生态的影响

冬季种植覆盖作物结合免耕法构成的保护性耕作法,能够提高土壤养分和抑制土壤风蚀.本文主要讨论了免耕条件下覆盖作物对微生物生态的影响,结果显示覆盖作物对微生物活性有显著的促进作用.

高校体育场馆室内空气微生物菌落数的检测与评价

为研究体育公共场所室内空气微生物污染水平,采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、实地检测法(空气平皿沉降法)及数理统计法,对甘肃省5所高校体育场馆室内环境进行微生物菌落总数的检测。结果显示:5所院校中有2所检测结果轻度超标(合格标准为≤5000CFU/m3),其余3所检测结果均未超标。结果表明:甘肃省大部分高校体育场馆室内空气卫生质量良好,只有少数院校室内体育场馆受微生物污染较重。

开菲尔发酵乳发酵参数变化趋势

以开菲尔粒为发酵剂发酵牛乳,跟踪发酵过程中pH、酸度、微生物数的变化及乳糖利用情况。结果表明,经开菲尔粒发酵后牛乳的pH值降幅很大,发酵24 h后pH值从6.798降到4.102,酸度则从16.1°T上升到96.9°T。在发酵初始阶段,开菲尔乳中乳球菌为优势菌,乳杆菌次之;到发酵结束时,乳杆菌为优势菌,乳球菌次之,乳球菌、乳杆菌和酵母菌分别达到1.6×107CFU/mL、7.7×107CFU/mL和1.1×105CFU/mL。开菲尔发酵也导致了发酵乳中乳糖含量的显著降低,发酵终点时开菲尔乳中乳糖含量从4.05 mg/mL降为1.90 mg/mL。

口腔健康宣教结合多学科护理照顾模式在青少年龋病患者中的应用效果

目的 探讨口腔健康宣教结合多学科护理照顾模式在青少年龋病患者中的效果。方法 选取2021年1月至2022年6月南通市口腔医院收治的80例青少年龋病患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法平分为2组。对照组予以常规护理,观察组予以口腔健康宣教+多学科护理照顾模式。比较2组的口腔微生物菌落数等指标。结果 护理3个月后,2组的双歧杆菌菌落数均较护理前有所增多,乳酸杆菌、放线杆菌及链球菌的菌落数均较护理前有所减少,免疫球蛋白G、免疫球蛋白M、免疫球蛋白A、分泌型免疫球蛋白A、超氧化物歧化酶、总抗氧化能力、过氧化氢酶水平,以及简化软垢指数、简化牙石指数和牙龈指数均较护理前有所降低,丙二醛水平均较护理前有所升高(P均<0.05);与对照组比较,观察组的上述指标均更优(P均<0.05)。结论 口腔健康宣教结合多学科护理照顾模式可促进青少年龋病患者的口腔微生态维持平衡,改善其口腔卫生状况,促使其唾液中的免疫功能及氧化应激水平恢复正常。

药品生产用洁净压缩空气的质量控制

通过对兰州生物制品研究所有限责任公司某车间压缩空气的质量进行检测评估,探讨了影响制药生产用压缩空气质量的主要因素。采用国标方法检测各用气点空气质量,并进行综合分析。总共260处洁净区用气点采样,有6处悬浮粒子检测不合格,超标率7.82%;有5处浮游菌检测不合格,超标率2.55%。药品生产洁净区空气质量与洁净室设计、施工和维护管理密切相关,相关人员应认真做好日常监测和维护工作,以确保洁净压缩空气系统的正常运行和产品质量。

Effects of Urbanization on the Quantity Changes of Microbes in Urban-to-rural Gradient Forest Soil

Three typical rural-suburban-urban artificial wetlands Pinus elliottii forest in Nanchang City were selected as research objects to mensurate the soil nutrient content.And the annual average values and seasonal changes of microbes in forest soil were analyzed.The results showed that soil bulk density,total phosphorus （TP） and pH increased,while soil organic carbon （SOC）,total nitrogen （TN） declined with rural-to-urban gradient.At different eco-boundary,annual average values showed that actinomycetes quantity bacteria quantity fungi quantity.Total microbe number was urban suburb rural areas.The number of bacteria and fungi was urban suburbs rural areas,but the number of actinomycetes was suburb urban rural areas.Eco-boundary,season and microbes actinomycetes and fungi reached an extreme significant level （P 0.001）.Bacteria in soil at different eco-boundary had significant effects,but season had no significant effect on bacteria.Eco-boundary and season had a very significant interaction on actinomycetes and fungi （P 0.001）,but they had no significant interaction on bacteria （P 0.05）.Eco-boundary showed significantly positive correlation with actinomycetes and fungi （P 0.001）,but season had no significant corelation with microbes.In conclusion,urbanization process caused the physical-chemical properties changes of forest soil and affected the amount of soil microbes obviously.

Fungi Diversity of Ginseng Rhizosphere Soil in Northeastern China

[Objective] The aim was to know the pathogenic fungi types and distribution law in ginseng rhizosphere soil.[Method] During May to Oct.in 2008 and 2009,more than 200 soil samples were collected from ginseng rhizosphere soil in Ji an City,Fusong County of Jilin Province and Huanren County of Liaoning Province.Soil dilution plate method and soil particle method were adopted to isolate and culture soil fungi,then classification and identification were carried out.[Result] 33 species of 22 fungal genera were id...

Bioactive Characteristics of Soil Microorganisms in Different-aged Orange (Citrus reticulate) Plantations

[Objective] The paper was to study the bioactive characteristics of soil microorganisms in different-aged orange plantations. [Method] Taking 010 cm deep soil in 3 orange plantations with different planting years in suburb of Yichang City as the test object, the variation rule of total organic carbon, total nitrogen, soil pH value, microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, number of 3 main types of soil microbial flora, basal respiration, microbial entropy and metabolic entropy in differentaged orange plantations was studied. [Result] With the increase of planting years, the soil acidification of different-aged orange plantations was aggravating; total organic carbon and total nitrogen content increased first and then decreased; the total number of soil microorganism showed a downtrend, of which the number of bacteria decreased significantly, the number of actinomycetes had small changes, the number of fungi increased significantly, and the ratio of bacteria and fungi in soil （B/F） showed a decreasing trend. Soil microbial biomass carbon was fluctuated within a small range, whereas soil microbial biomass nitrogen decreased significantly; soil microbial entropy decreased significantly, and metabolic entropy showed an increasing trend. This indicated that the decrease of soil pH value affected the changes of soil microbial flora, microbial activity, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and soil major nutrients, and further affected the normal exertion of soil function. [Conclusion] The study explores soil nutrient characteristics and changes of microbial flora in test area, which will provide scientific basis for further study on orchard soil and orchard management.

Effects of Different Land Use Patterns on Soil Microbial Quantity and Activity in Hongta District,Yuxi City

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of different land use patterns on soil ecological environment. [Method] Total three representative land use patterns （corn field, cherry tree land, wood land） were selected from Hongta District, Yuxi City, and under these three patterns, soil microbial quantity and activity were studied. [Result] Under the three land use patterns, soil microorganisms were domi- nated by bacteria; soil microbial quantity ranked as wood land＇s〉cheery tree land＇s〉 corn field＇s; and total microbial activity, catalase activity and urease activity all ranked as cherry tree land＇s〉wood land＇s〉corn field＇s. [Conclusion] Soil microbial activity and functions are related to farmland management measures, as well as land use pattern and soil nutrients.

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Rhizosphere Microbial Populations under Cotton Intercropped with Red Date in Arid Desert Oasis of Southern Xinjiang

[Objective]This study aimed to determine the number of microorganisms of cotton rhizosphere in a soil at various amounts of applied nitrogen fertilizer in a red date-cotton intercropping system. [Method] In the field experiment, nitrogen fer-tilizer was applied at 0, 150, 300, 450, 600, and 750 kg/hm2, respectively. The dy-namic changes of the populations of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes at the rhizo-sphere of cotton intercropped with red date were investigated. [Result] Microbial populations significantly increased at nitrogen fertilizer of 300 and 450 kg/hm2 during bud, flowering and bol opening periods. The numbers of bacteria and actinomycetes were higher during flowering and bol opening stages than at bud stage. The num-ber of fungi slightly changed during the entire growth period. Appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer （300 to 600 kg/hm2） was favorable to the survival of the microor-ganisms in the soil under the intercropping system. [Conclusion] The study provides a guideline for screening and determining the optimum amount of applied nitrogen fertilizer.

电子束对藏药八味沉香散的辐照效应

为研究电子束辐照对藏药八味沉香散灭菌效果和其有效成分的影响,采用电子束(0kGy、5kGy、7 kGy、10 kGy)和^(60)Coγ(7 kGy)辐照三个厂家生产的产品,分别在处理后以及在49℃加速贮藏3个月后检测微生物指标和有效成分的变化。结果表明:经不同剂量处理后,电子束辐照和^(60)Coγ辐照均能显著降低八味沉香散内微生物数量至达标;电子束5 kGy辐照后,样品的微生物总数已降低至《中国药典》的要求限度,且其有效成分没有明显变化,吸收剂量至10 kGy时,对其有效成分含量也基本无影响。因此,电子束辐照可以有效提高八味沉香散的卫生指标,5 kGy为八味沉香散的最佳辐照工艺剂量。

蛭弧菌对九孔鲍生长及养殖体系细菌群落的影响

研究了蛭弧菌BDH12（登录号为EF094471）对九孔鲍（Haliotis diversicolor aquatilis）生长、肠道和养殖水体总菌、弧菌以及水体细菌群落数的影响.结果显示,蛭弧菌组九孔鲍的存活率、壳长和体重分别比对照组增加了111％、1.8％和7.0％;蛭弧菌组的九孔鲍肠道总菌和弧菌分别比对照组降低8.6％～21.0％和12.2％～27.7％,养殖水体总菌和弧菌分别比对照组降低2.1％～16.7％和8.0％～34.8％;养殖水体的PCR-DGGE图谱显示,对照组和蛭弧菌组养殖水体的细菌丰度值分别在0.54～0.97和0.50～0.75之间.结果表明,蛭弧菌BDH12可以作为一种生物控制因子用于九孔鲍的健康养殖.

Full-scale application of microbial agent on in-situ sludge reduction

The full-scale application of Tx-1, a multifunctional microbial agent, was carried out for 8 months in an anoxic/oxic（A/O） municipal wastewater treatment process. The results show that the Tx-1 dosed system can obtain good effluent characteristics while minimizing sludge production and energy consumption. The total phosphorus（TP） is lower than0. 5 mg/L in effluent without any chemical regent added. The discharged dry sludge per 10 000 m^3 wastewater Dwat decreases from 1. 4 to 0. 5 t. For per cubic meter wastewater, the air supply decreases from 6. 0 to 5. 1 m^3 and the electricity consumption decreases from 0. 412- 0. 425 kW·h to 0. 331 kW·h. The addition of Tx-1 can improve the substrate removal constant and decrease the microorganism growth yield coefficient of activated sludge. At the same time,the structure of the microbial community changes and the biodiversity increases by adding Tx-1. The abundance of polyphosphate accumulating organisms（PAO）, Comamonadaceae and Tetrasphaera, increased. Effective microbial agent is a potential way to combine in-situ sludge minimization with contaminants removal.

电子束对藏药十一味能消丸的辐照效应

为研究电子束辐照对藏药十一味能消丸灭菌效果和有效成分的影响,采用电子束(0kGy、5kGy、7kGy、10kGy)和^(60)Co-γ(7kGy)辐照三个厂家样品,分别在辐照处理后立以及49℃加速贮藏3个月后检测微生物指标和有效成分变化。结果表明,经5kGy、7kGy、10kGy三个剂量处理后,电子束和^(60)Co-γ辐照均能显著降低十一味能消丸中微生物数量至达标(按《中国药典》);电子束5kGy辐照后,样品微生物总数已降低至《中国药典》要求限度,且其有效成分无明显变化,电子束吸收剂量至10kGy对有效成分含量也基本无影响。因此,电子束辐照可有效提高十一味能消丸卫生指标,5kGy为藏药十一味能消丸的最佳辐照工艺剂量。该研究结果可为藏药十一味能消丸的电子束辐照灭菌提供科学依据。

Effects of Cadmium, Lead, and Zinc on Size of MicrobialBiomass in Red Soil

A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to study the influence of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb)and zinc (Zn) on the size of the microbial biomass in red soil. All the three metals were applied, separately,at five different levels that were: Cd at 5, 15, 30, 60 and 100 μg g-1; Pb at 100, 200, 300, 450 and 600 μg g-1 and Zn at 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 μg g-1 soil. In comparison to uncontaminated soil, the microbial biomass carbon and biomass nitrogen decreased sharply in soils contaminated with Cd, Ph and Zn. A more considerable increase in the microbial biomass C: N ratio was observed in the metal contaminated soils than the non-treated control. Among the tested metals, Cd displayed the greatest biocidal effect followed by Zn and Pb, showing their relative toxicity in the order of Cd > Zn > Pb.

Relations Between Red Edge Characteristics and Agronomic Parameters of Crops

The hyperspectral reflectance of the canopy and the leaves on the main stemfor six varieties, two each of rice corn, and cotton crops, were measured at different growth stageswith an ASD FieldSpec Pro FR^(TM) to analyze red edge characteristics forleaf area indices (LAI),aboveground biomass, as well as the chlorophyll, carotenoid, and nitrogen content, emphasizingcomparative differences on the red edge parameters. The results showed a 'double peak' phenomenonfor the red edge of the canopy spectra but not for the leaves. There were 'increase' and 'decrease'change rules for the red edge position, lambda_r, the red edge slope, D lambda_r, and the red edgearea, S_r, of the canopy spectra for all 3 crops with a 'blue shift' for lambda_r of the leafspectra for all 3 crops as the development stages progressed. For rice, corn, and cotton the LAI andfresh leaf mass had highly significant correlations (P < 0.01) to the red edge parameters lambda_r,D lambda_r, and S_r of their canopy spectra. Additionally, for all crops the chlorophyll-a,chlorophyll-b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid content of the leaves all had highly significant (P< 0.01) correlations to their lambda_r. For rice, the nitrogen content of the leaves in g kg^(-1)and phytomassfor a unit area of land in g m^(-2) also had a highly significant (P < 0.01)correlation to lambda_r, D lambda_r lambda_r, and S_r of the canopy spectra.

Differences in Soil Microbial Biomass and Activity for Six Agroecosystems with a Management Disturbance Gradient

Different management practices in six agroecosystems located near Goldsboro, NC, USA were conducted including a successional field (SU), a plantation woodlot (WO), an integrated cropping system with animals (IN), an organic farming system (OR), and two cash-grain cropping systems employing either tillage (CT) or no-tillage (NT) to examine if and how microbial biomass and activity differ in response to alterations in disturbance intensity from six land management strategies. Results showed that soil microbial biomass and activity differed, with microbial activity in intermediately disturbed ecosystems (NT, OR, IN) being significantly higher (P ＜ 0.01) than systems with either high or low disturbance intensities. There was also a significant and a highly significant ecosystem effect from the treatments on microbial biomass C (MBC) (P ＜ 0.05) and on microbial activity (respiration) (P ＜ 0.01), respectively. Multiple comparisons of mean respiration rates distinctly separated the six ecosystem types into three groups: CT ＜ NT, SU and WO ＜ OR and IN.Thus, for detecting microbial response to disturbance changes these results indicated that the active component of the soil microbial community was a better indicator than total biomass.

Effect of Lead-Zinc Interaction on Size of Microbial Biomass in Red Soil

A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of lead and zinc applied alone or in various combinations on the size of microbial biomass in a red soil. Treatments included the application of lead at six different levels i.e., 0 (background), 100, 200, 300, 450 and 600 μg g -1 soil along with each of the four levels of zinc (0, 50, 150 or 250 μg g -1 soil). Application of lead or zinc alone to soil significantly ( P <0.001) affected the soil microbial biomass. The microbial biomass carbon (C mic ), biomass nitrogen (N mic ) and biomass phosphorus (P mic ) decreased sharply in soils contaminated with lead or zinc. Combined application of lead and zinc resulted in a greater biocidal effect on soil microbial biomass, which was significantly higher ( P <0.001) than that when either lead or zinc was applied alone. Consistent increase in the biomass C:N and decline in the biomass C:P ratios were also observed with the increased metal (Pb and Zn) toxicity in the soil.

Combined Effect of Nutrient and Pest Managements on Substrate Utilization Pattern of Soil Microbial Population in Hybrid Rice Cropping System

A field experiment was conducted to study the combined effect of nutrient andpest managements on soil biomass phospholipid contents, functional biodiversity and substrateutilization patterns of soil microbial populations in hybrid rice cropping system. The mineral N, Pand K fertilizers (as urea, calcium superphosphate and KCl respectively) were incorporated at 100,25, and 100 kg ha^(-1), respectively, and the various pesticides were applied at the recommendedrates. The results of the experiment demonstrated a decline in the microbial abundance and soilmicrobial biomass phospholipid contents with the advancement of crop growth, and significant changesin substrate utilization pattern of soil microbial population studied were observed with differentmanagement practices and at different growth stages. The principal component analysis (PCA) usingall 95-carbon sources (BIOLOG plates) gave good differentiation among the treatments, indicatingthat they have different patterns of carbon utilization under different habitats. The data showedthat diversity in microbial community continuously changed with the progression in crop stage,particularly at physiological maturity (PM) stage that was evident from the utilization of differentcarbon sources at various crop stages.