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肺部感染的微生物谱变迁
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作者 邹清华 彭宜红 《临床内科杂志》 CAS 2024年第3期145-148,共4页
肺部感染是指由微生物等感染因子引起的肺组织炎症和病变,临床可表现为肺炎、支气管炎和细支气管炎等疾病,甚至危及生命,其发病率高、传播范围广,对人类健康造成严重威胁。由于疫苗及抗生素的普及、人类社会及环境因素变化、临床介入诊... 肺部感染是指由微生物等感染因子引起的肺组织炎症和病变,临床可表现为肺炎、支气管炎和细支气管炎等疾病,甚至危及生命,其发病率高、传播范围广,对人类健康造成严重威胁。由于疫苗及抗生素的普及、人类社会及环境因素变化、临床介入诊疗技术的广泛使用及免疫功能低下人群的增加等因素,导致肺部感染病原谱日趋复杂,主要表现为经典的肺部感染病原体的流行规律发生改变、新发病原体不断出现、耐药性微生物感染日趋严峻、机会感染持续增加,这些变迁给肺部感染性疾病的防治提出了新的挑战。本文围绕肺部感染的微生物谱变迁进行简要综述,以助于采取有效措施对肺部感染进行预防和控制。 展开更多
关键词 肺部感染 微生物谱 变迁 新发病原体 耐药 机会感染
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肝硬化患者合并肺部感染痰培养中微生物谱及抗生素耐药分析 被引量:5
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作者 程爱琼 施伎蝉 +1 位作者 宁洪叶 胡春燕 《中国卫生检验杂志》 CAS 2020年第21期2598-2601,共4页
目的调查肝硬化患者合并肺部感染痰培养中微生物谱及抗生素耐药。方法2016年10月-2018年10月在本院发生肺部感染的426例肝硬化患者。收集患者的相关信息,包括肺部感染数据、细菌分布、药敏试验结果和经验性抗生素治疗方案。结果从痰标... 目的调查肝硬化患者合并肺部感染痰培养中微生物谱及抗生素耐药。方法2016年10月-2018年10月在本院发生肺部感染的426例肝硬化患者。收集患者的相关信息,包括肺部感染数据、细菌分布、药敏试验结果和经验性抗生素治疗方案。结果从痰标本中分离出426种培养物。其中,59.6%被证实为革兰阴性,40.4%为革兰阳性。革兰阴性菌主要包括大肠杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、嗜水气单胞菌、阴沟肠杆菌等。革兰阳性生物包括凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、链球菌属、金黄色葡萄球菌和肠球菌属。药物敏感性试验结果显示,分离的革兰阴性菌株对阿米卡星、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、美罗培南、亚胺培南和哌拉西林/他唑巴坦高度敏感;革兰阳性菌对万古霉素和替考拉宁高度敏感。结论在肝硬化患者中,革兰阴性菌是引起肺部感染的主要病原菌。 展开更多
关键词 肝硬化 肺部感染 微生物谱 抗生素耐药 病原菌
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真菌性鼻窦炎 被引量:1
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作者 王辉萼 《中国中西医结合耳鼻咽喉科杂志》 2004年第2期104-107,共4页
随着广谱抗生素、抗肿瘤药物、免疫抑制剂等广泛应用,尤其是人类免疫缺陷病毒感染,使真菌感染日益增多,据秦启贤介绍医院感染中真菌性占23%,为第二位(细菌性占67%)[1].近代真菌性鼻窦炎发病亦增多,如我科1980年以前无真菌性鼻窦炎被诊断... 随着广谱抗生素、抗肿瘤药物、免疫抑制剂等广泛应用,尤其是人类免疫缺陷病毒感染,使真菌感染日益增多,据秦启贤介绍医院感染中真菌性占23%,为第二位(细菌性占67%)[1].近代真菌性鼻窦炎发病亦增多,如我科1980年以前无真菌性鼻窦炎被诊断,1980~1986年诊治鼻腔-鼻窦真菌病13例占同期慢性鼻窦炎手术1.93%(13/673)[2],2000~2002年诊治34例占同期慢性鼻窦炎手术6.92%(34/491);国内文献报道亦然.但对真菌性鼻窦炎的认识,与国外相比仍有较大差距,表现在早期诊断、疾病分型及治疗,特别是对变应型真菌性鼻窦炎的认识,差距更大,至今国内仅有个别报道[3].现将有关资料学习、综述如下,以求提高认识,促进治疗策略的改进,有利于病员. 展开更多
关键词 真菌性鼻窦炎 抗生素 微生物谱 鼻息肉
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分子生物学在食品微生物检测中的应用
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作者 张秋楠 《生物技术世界》 2013年第1期74-74,共1页
食品安全是百姓关注的大问题,目前食品安全监测技术正在蓬勃发展,随着现代分子生物学技术的发展,对微生物学的研究也进入到分子、基因水平。病原微生物的检测也逐渐进入分子时代,本文介绍了应用于病原微生物检测的PCR技术、DNA指纹图谱... 食品安全是百姓关注的大问题,目前食品安全监测技术正在蓬勃发展,随着现代分子生物学技术的发展,对微生物学的研究也进入到分子、基因水平。病原微生物的检测也逐渐进入分子时代,本文介绍了应用于病原微生物检测的PCR技术、DNA指纹图谱等技术。 展开更多
关键词 PCR DNA指纹图基因芯片食品微生物检测
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老年心力衰竭和非心力衰竭病人社区获得性肺炎病原体分布情况 被引量:3
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作者 王盛尧 陈宇 郭海英 《中西医结合心脑血管病杂志》 2022年第14期2596-2600,共5页
目的调查社区获得性肺炎(CAP)超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBL)病原体在老年心力衰竭和非心力衰竭病人中的分布情况及耐药特性。方法回顾性分析2016年1月—2020年3月因CAP在我院住院治疗的老年心力衰竭病人和非心力衰竭病人的临床资料。收集病... 目的调查社区获得性肺炎(CAP)超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBL)病原体在老年心力衰竭和非心力衰竭病人中的分布情况及耐药特性。方法回顾性分析2016年1月—2020年3月因CAP在我院住院治疗的老年心力衰竭病人和非心力衰竭病人的临床资料。收集病人的相关信息,包括人口统计学特征、临床数据、细菌分布和药物敏感性试验结果。结果共纳入401例CAP病人,其中171例心力衰竭病人和230例非心力衰竭病人。与非心力衰竭组相比,心力衰竭组男性病人更多,慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)病人更多,Charlson合并症指数更高,住院天数更长,入院时肺炎严重程度高的人数更多。鉴定的CAP常见4种病原体分别为铜绿假单胞菌(26.9%)、肺炎克雷伯菌(10.5%)、粪肠球菌(8.5%)和奇异变形杆菌(5.2%)。产ESBL的铜绿假单胞菌占CAP病原菌总数的18.2%,心力衰竭组明显高于非心力衰竭组(23.4%与14.3%,P<0.05)。产ESBL的肺炎克雷伯菌占CAP病原菌总数的4.5%,心力衰竭组高于非心力衰竭组(6.4%与3.0%,P<0.05)。ESBL阳性铜绿假单胞菌的耐药率普遍高于ESBL阴性铜绿假单胞菌(P<0.05);其中头孢西丁、头孢他啶、头孢曲松、头孢吡肟、妥布霉素和氨曲南的差异最明显。ESBL阳性肺炎克雷伯菌对大多数抗生素的耐药率明显高于ESBL阴性菌株的耐药率(P<0.05)。结论老年心力衰竭病人CAP微生物谱复杂,并且病原菌具有显著的多药耐药性。 展开更多
关键词 社区获得性肺炎 老年 心力衰竭 微生物谱 抗生素耐药 超广Β-内酰胺酶
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Microbiological Transformation of Ginsenoside Rg_1 被引量:14
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作者 董阿玲 崔亚君 +2 位作者 郭洪祝 郑俊华 果德安 《Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences》 CAS 2001年第3期115-118,共4页
Forty-nine microbial strains were used to screen their ability for the microbiological transforma-tion of ginsenoside Rg1. Aspergillus niger (3.1858) and Absidia coerulea (3.3538) were found to convert ginsenoside Rg1... Forty-nine microbial strains were used to screen their ability for the microbiological transforma-tion of ginsenoside Rg1. Aspergillus niger (3.1858) and Absidia coerulea (3.3538) were found to convert ginsenoside Rg1 efficiently to less polar metabolites. Preparative scale transformation with both fungi Absidia coerulea (3.3538) and Aspergillus niger (3.1858) have resulted in the production of one same metabolite (MT1). Its structure was char-acterized as 6-O-b-D-glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxatriol (Ginsenoside Rh1) on the basis of its TOF-MS and 1H, 13C NMR spectral data. The biotransformation kinetic curves for Ginsenoside Rg1 and MT1 were reported for the first time, and the biotransformation pathway was proposed. 展开更多
关键词 Microbiological transformation Ginsenoside Rg1 Ginsenoside Rh1 MICROORGANISM FUNGI
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治疗复发性艰难梭菌感染的突破性方案RBX266
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作者 沈震 王明贵 《中国感染与化疗杂志》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2016年第4期476-476,共1页
2015年10月12日,美国FDA正式批准了Rebiotix公司的治疗复发性艰难梭菌感染的微生物谱修复治疗(Microbiota Restoration Therapy, MRT)RBX2660,并认为是一种突破性治疗。RBX2660是从健康志愿者中提取的粪便悬浮液注入患者的肠道以治... 2015年10月12日,美国FDA正式批准了Rebiotix公司的治疗复发性艰难梭菌感染的微生物谱修复治疗(Microbiota Restoration Therapy, MRT)RBX2660,并认为是一种突破性治疗。RBX2660是从健康志愿者中提取的粪便悬浮液注入患者的肠道以治疗复发性艰难梭菌感染。 展开更多
关键词 艰难梭菌感染 修复治疗 复发性 美国FDA 健康志愿者 微生物谱 悬浮液
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Relations Between Red Edge Characteristics and Agronomic Parameters of Crops 被引量:36
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作者 TANGYan-Lin WANGRen-Chao HUANGJing-Feng 《Pedosphere》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2004年第4期467-474,共8页
The hyperspectral reflectance of the canopy and the leaves on the main stemfor six varieties, two each of rice corn, and cotton crops, were measured at different growth stageswith an ASD FieldSpec Pro FR^(TM) to analy... The hyperspectral reflectance of the canopy and the leaves on the main stemfor six varieties, two each of rice corn, and cotton crops, were measured at different growth stageswith an ASD FieldSpec Pro FR^(TM) to analyze red edge characteristics forleaf area indices (LAI),aboveground biomass, as well as the chlorophyll, carotenoid, and nitrogen content, emphasizingcomparative differences on the red edge parameters. The results showed a 'double peak' phenomenonfor the red edge of the canopy spectra but not for the leaves. There were 'increase' and 'decrease'change rules for the red edge position, lambda_r, the red edge slope, D lambda_r, and the red edgearea, S_r, of the canopy spectra for all 3 crops with a 'blue shift' for lambda_r of the leafspectra for all 3 crops as the development stages progressed. For rice, corn, and cotton the LAI andfresh leaf mass had highly significant correlations (P < 0.01) to the red edge parameters lambda_r,D lambda_r, and S_r of their canopy spectra. Additionally, for all crops the chlorophyll-a,chlorophyll-b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid content of the leaves all had highly significant (P< 0.01) correlations to their lambda_r. For rice, the nitrogen content of the leaves in g kg^(-1)and phytomassfor a unit area of land in g m^(-2) also had a highly significant (P < 0.01)correlation to lambda_r, D lambda_r lambda_r, and S_r of the canopy spectra. 展开更多
关键词 agronomic parameter CROP red edge parameter correlation analysis
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Degradation of lignite model compounds by the action of white rot fungi 被引量:9
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作者 DU Ying, TAO Xiuxiang, SHI Kaiyi, LI Yang School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221000, China 《Mining Science and Technology》 EI CAS 2010年第1期76-81,共6页
Three compounds modeled on the lignite structure were chosen for experimental degradation by different fungi strains. Culture conditions and extracellular enzyme activities were optimized. The growth curves of the str... Three compounds modeled on the lignite structure were chosen for experimental degradation by different fungi strains. Culture conditions and extracellular enzyme activities were optimized. The growth curves of the strains were determined to study mycelium dry weight and protein content changes. Gas chromatography and infrared spectroscopy were used to detect changes of functional groups before and after the action of the fungi on the model compounds. Possible decomposition products and degrada-tion mechanisms were proposed. The research findings show that C. Versicolor and Golden Mushroom can grow in presence of the model compounds. The optimum culture conditions were a pH of 6.0, a carbon-nitrogen ratio of five and a Tween-80 concentration of 0.1%. Newly produced substances were found by gas chromatography. Infrared analysis showed that the model compounds degraded under the action of the microorganisms. 展开更多
关键词 COAL BIOTRANSFORMATION white rot fungi mechanism model compound
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Characterization of Specific Spoilage Bacteria and Volatile Flavor Compounds of Flavored Crayfish 被引量:3
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作者 YU Mei-juan TAN Huan +1 位作者 HE Shuang YANG Hui 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2021年第3期42-50,共9页
It is a common issue in the processing industry of crayfish that flavored crayfish stored at room temperature is perishable.In order to establish an effective putrid prediction mechanism,high-throughput sequencing and... It is a common issue in the processing industry of crayfish that flavored crayfish stored at room temperature is perishable.In order to establish an effective putrid prediction mechanism,high-throughput sequencing and solid phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(SPME-GCMS)were used to analyse the microbial community structure and volatile flavor compounds of normal and putrid crayfish.The results showed that Aeromonas(57%),Macrococcus(7.7%),Vibrio sp.(6.6%),Acinetobacter(5%),Citrobacter(4.9%)and Enterobacter(1.49%)were the main bacterial genus in the refrigerated fresh crayfish(HNA).And Staphylococcus(17.04%),Aeromonas(4.46%),Xanthomonas(4.16%),Streptococcus(4.62%)and Enterococcus(2.77%)were the main bacterial genus in the marinated and refrigerated crayfish(HND).With the spoilage of samples(HNE and HNC),the diversity of bacteria decreased,and the specific spoilage bacteria grew rapidly,mainly Enterococcus,Bacillus,Lactobacillus,Leuconostoc,Weissella.Meanwhile,the volatile compounds in non-spoilage sample(HNA and HND)were mainly alkane compounds,aldehydes compound and esters compounds;and the volatile compounds in spoilage samples were mainly alcohols,acids,benzene compounds,terpenoids,N-containing compounds,S-containing compounds and ethers.This indicated that the contents and types of volatile compounds changed with the sample spoilage and deterioration.Correlation analysis results showed that Enterococcus,Lactobacillus and Bacillus were significantly positively correlated with alcohols,acids,benzene,terpenoids,N-containing compounds,S-containing compounds and ether compounds,while Aeromonas,Megasphaera,Acinetobacter,Citrobacter and Vibrio were significantly positively correlated with alkane compounds and esters compounds,and Leuconostoc were significantly positively correlated with alcohol compounds.These results can provide a theoretical guidance for the storage of cooked flavor crayfish at room temperature. 展开更多
关键词 CRAYFISH High-throughput sequencing SPME-GC-MS Microbial community structure Volatile compounds
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Anti-inflammation Activities of Essential Oil and Anti-microbial Activities Of Ethanol Extraction from China's Rosemary 被引量:1
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作者 Jingbo ZHOU Ruqiang HUANG +1 位作者 Jihong HUANG Junwei FENG 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2015年第5期1034-1037,1047,共5页
Rosemary(Rosmarius officinalis L.), an endemic plant species in south region of China, is traditionally used as a spice. In this research, the anti-inflammatory activities of essential oil and the antibacterial activi... Rosemary(Rosmarius officinalis L.), an endemic plant species in south region of China, is traditionally used as a spice. In this research, the anti-inflammatory activities of essential oil and the antibacterial activities of ethanol extraction were determined, respectively. Results showed that based on the GC-MS analysis there were 35 kinds of active ingredients in the essential oil in totally, mainly including D-limonene(24.158 ml/L), α-Pinene(23.325 ml/L), Camphor(9.855 ml/L),Camphene(7.076 ml/L), Verbenone(6.685 ml/L), Borneol(5.580 ml/L), etc. The LCUV determination indicated that the main components in the ethanol extractionwere rosmarinic acid(3 910 mg/kg) and carnosic acid(2 970 mg/kg). By mice peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis of chicken erythrocytes experiment, the essential oil of rosemary was shown having a significant role in anti-inflammation. And the ethanol extraction had broad-spectrum antibacterial effects, but had no effect on mold by the agar diffusion method of 8 bacteria. As a result, both rosemary essential oil and ethanol extraction had good potential medicinal values. 展开更多
关键词 China's rosemary Essential oil EXTRACTION Anti-inflammation activity Anti-microbial activity
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