The liquid effluents released from several industries including the pulp and paper industries contain phenol and phenolic compounds. The hazardous phenols and their chlorinated phenolic derivatives from pulp and paper...The liquid effluents released from several industries including the pulp and paper industries contain phenol and phenolic compounds. The hazardous phenols and their chlorinated phenolic derivatives from pulp and paper industries bear the potential to exert deleterious effects on the human health and aquatic ecosystems, if they are released untreated in the environment. Biodegradation of phenolic compounds in the effluent streams from pulp and paper industries is an important eco-friendly method for the removal of toxicity in industrial waste water, while the minimization of formation of these toxic compounds require several in-plant biotechnological techniques such as biopulping and biobleaching. Present paper reviews, the biochemical pathways involved in degradation of phenols and chlorophenols through microorganisms. Various biotechnological strategies involved in minimization and biodegradation of phenol and phenolic compounds and their related environmental engineering aspects such as utility of different bioreactor configurations have been discussed for the treatment of pulp and paper mill effluents.展开更多
In order to investigate the immunogenicity of the controlled-release microencapsulated hepatitis B vaccine in mice,polyethylene glycol-poly-dl-lactide (PELA) microspheres with entrapped HBsAg were prepared by double e...In order to investigate the immunogenicity of the controlled-release microencapsulated hepatitis B vaccine in mice,polyethylene glycol-poly-dl-lactide (PELA) microspheres with entrapped HBsAg were prepared by double emulsion W/O/W based on solvent extraction methods. BALB/c mice were immunized with the encapsulated vaccine by oral feeding or injection. Blood samples were collected at 8 th, 10 th, 14 th and 24 th weeks, respectively, and the levels of antibody response were detected by ELISA.It was found that the scanning electron microscopy showed the prepared microspheres had smooth and spherical surface, suitable for vaccine delivery. Two groups of mice orally fed with the encapsulated or conventional recombinant vaccines, respectively, there sera showed no obvious difference in the IgG levels. At 14 th week, the group injected with a single dose of encapsulated vaccine had a similar level of IgG response to the group injected with two doses of the recombination vaccine. At 24 th week, the IgG levels of the group injected with two doses of encapsulated vaccine were higher than those of the group injected with two doses of the recombination vaccine. It concludes that Controlled-release microencapsulated hepatitis B vaccine possesses the feature of slowly releasing in vivo and long times immunogenicity.展开更多
文摘The liquid effluents released from several industries including the pulp and paper industries contain phenol and phenolic compounds. The hazardous phenols and their chlorinated phenolic derivatives from pulp and paper industries bear the potential to exert deleterious effects on the human health and aquatic ecosystems, if they are released untreated in the environment. Biodegradation of phenolic compounds in the effluent streams from pulp and paper industries is an important eco-friendly method for the removal of toxicity in industrial waste water, while the minimization of formation of these toxic compounds require several in-plant biotechnological techniques such as biopulping and biobleaching. Present paper reviews, the biochemical pathways involved in degradation of phenols and chlorophenols through microorganisms. Various biotechnological strategies involved in minimization and biodegradation of phenol and phenolic compounds and their related environmental engineering aspects such as utility of different bioreactor configurations have been discussed for the treatment of pulp and paper mill effluents.
文摘In order to investigate the immunogenicity of the controlled-release microencapsulated hepatitis B vaccine in mice,polyethylene glycol-poly-dl-lactide (PELA) microspheres with entrapped HBsAg were prepared by double emulsion W/O/W based on solvent extraction methods. BALB/c mice were immunized with the encapsulated vaccine by oral feeding or injection. Blood samples were collected at 8 th, 10 th, 14 th and 24 th weeks, respectively, and the levels of antibody response were detected by ELISA.It was found that the scanning electron microscopy showed the prepared microspheres had smooth and spherical surface, suitable for vaccine delivery. Two groups of mice orally fed with the encapsulated or conventional recombinant vaccines, respectively, there sera showed no obvious difference in the IgG levels. At 14 th week, the group injected with a single dose of encapsulated vaccine had a similar level of IgG response to the group injected with two doses of the recombination vaccine. At 24 th week, the IgG levels of the group injected with two doses of encapsulated vaccine were higher than those of the group injected with two doses of the recombination vaccine. It concludes that Controlled-release microencapsulated hepatitis B vaccine possesses the feature of slowly releasing in vivo and long times immunogenicity.
