出口野生微菜微生物学检测

对出口野生微菜进行了相关微生物学检测,即菌落总数测定和嗜热芽孢(需氧芽孢总数、平酸芽孢和厌氧芽孢)的计数。结果表明:微菜易被细菌、需氧芽孢和平酸芽孢污染,并且水煮消毒很难彻底杀灭嗜热芽孢,但在水煮微菜上未发现不产硫化氢厌氧芽孢和产硫化氢厌氧芽孢,此项指标对微菜是安全的。

吴连强：强丰智慧微菜场的创新之路

强丰智慧微菜场在上海亮相,是强丰集团创新发展的历史性里程碑,也是强丰集团总经理吴连强持续创业不断创新的又一个崭新成果。强丰智慧微菜场的推出,得到了各级领导的认可和赞赏,受到市民群众的热情欢迎,同时也得到了全市乃至全国新闻媒体的推崇,便民利民的举措获得到了很好的经济和社会效益。

智慧微菜场:满足多元需求 便利市民生活

点击几下触摸屏便可完成购买,24小时不打烊,货品供应种类包括蔬菜、水果、禽蛋、肉制品、调味品、五谷杂粮等66个品种,并能通过APP网购实行上门服务,这就是＂智慧微菜场＂推行＂一站式服务＂快捷方便的最大优势。从2014年起,强丰等一批无人售菜智能终端机相继亮相沪上,为不少消费者购菜提供了方便。

水煮薇菜生产工艺及设备选型

本文主要介绍了水煮薇菜的生产工艺和操作要点,确定了水煮薇菜的最佳工艺条件,同时在此工艺的基础上画出了生产线流程图,确定了设备选择的一般原则及劳动定员表。重点对相关生产线中各设备的生产能力、技术参数及选择依据进行了详细描述,最后制定了产品的质量标准。

ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE VEGETATIVE CELLS OF NOSTOC FLAGELLIFORME PREPARED WITH HIGH PRESSURE FREEZING AND FREEZE SUBSTITUTION TECHNIQUE

The ultrastructure of the vegetative cells of Nostoc flagelliforme Born. et Flah. was investigated with high pressure freezing and freeze substitution technique and compared with the results obtained by using conventional preparation methods. During the processes of chemical fixation, dehydration and embedding, the cell structures might be more artificially modified than that obtained from high pressure freezing and freeze substitution. With the present method, the sheath of N. flagelliforme could be well penetrated and no extra big space could exist between the cell and the sheath. The cell protoplasm rarely shrinked. Some fine structures of cell inclusions and unit membranes became visualized. Many bacteria were harbored in the sheath. In addition, the presence of big vacuoles in the cell of N. flagelliforme as well as the presence of bacteria in the sheath shown in the present preparation for cyanobacteria has not been described so far in the literature.

生鲜电商待开发 掘金者需谨慎从容

某种程度上，生鲜电商就如“围城”一般，城里的人想出去，城外的人想进来。 5月19日，生鲜电商“食行生鲜”宣布，该平台获得1．8亿元B轮融资。成立于2012年的食行生鲜，最初主要面向苏州社区居民提供生鲜配送服务。通过自建物流配送团队，用专业冷鲜车短途冷链配送产品至“社区智能微菜场”，满足市民对“家门口菜场”的需求。目前，“社区智能微菜场”已成功入驻苏州、上海的500多个小区。

Effect of Different Environmental Conditions on Algicidal Effect of Water-soluble Extracts of Chinese Chive

[Objective] The paper was to study the algicidal effect of water-soluble extracts of Chinese chive under different environmental conditions, so as to provide reference for further study and development of new algicidal substances. [Method] The effects of water-soluble extracts of Chinese chive on the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa under different pH, light and aeration conditions were compared and studied. [Result] The growth inhibition rate of water-soluble extracts of Chinese chive on M. aeruginosa was greater than 90% under different pH conditions. With the growth of M. aeruginosa, the culture liquid with different initial pH was finally tended to 9-9.5. The growth inhibition rate of water-soluble extracts of Chinese chive on algae cell increased with the prolongation of culture time within the light intensity range of 1 000-4 000 lx. The inhibition effect of water-soluble extracts of Chinese chive on M. aeruginosa under low light intensity（1 000 lx）was better than that under high light intensity, the best light intensity for growth was not conducive to the exertion of allelopathic effect. Meanwhile, aeration condition was more conducive to the inhibition effect of water-soluble extracts of Chinese chive on the growth of M. aeruginosa. [Conclusion] pH, light and aeration conditions all affected the inhibition effect of water-soluble extracts of Chinese chive treated by high temperature on M. aeruginosa. Understanding the effect of these environmental factors on algicidal effect of allelochemicals could provide reference for further study and development of new algicidal substances.

Isolation and Characterization of Microsatellites in Snap Bean

The objectives of this study were to isolate and characterize microsatellites from a heat tolerant variety of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in order to generate polymorphic genetic markers linked to quantitative trait loci for heat tolerance. A genomic library contained 400-800 bp inserts was constructed and screened for the presence of (GA/CT) n and (CA/GT) n repeats. The proportion of positive clones yielded estimated of 3.72×10 4 such dinucleotide repeats per genome, roughly comparable to the abundance reported in other eukaryotic genomes. Twenty_six positive clones were sequenced. In contrast to mammalian genomes, the (GA/CT) n motif was much more abundant than the (CA/GT) n motif in these clones. The (GA/CT) n repeats also showed longer average repeat length (mean n =10.4 versus 6.5), suggesting that they are better candidates for yielding polymorphic genetic markers in the snap bean genome.

春风绿江南 春茶入馔香

春意融融的四月里,又闻浓浓的新茶香。中国是茶的故乡,茶叶历来被国人视为延年益寿的佳品,它不仅有清香可口、赏心悦目之感,而且具化油解腻、醒脑提神、生津解渴、清心明目、减肥美容、利尿解毒、杀菌消炎之功。 安徽是全国主要产茶省份之一,名茶品种繁多,品质优异,著名的有黄山毛峰、太平猴魁、六安瓜片、祁门红茶、齐山云雾、敬亭绿雪、龙眠山毛尖等。用茶叶制菜是徽菜的特色之一,茶叶入馔,既为佳肴添美味,又为美味增颜色,可以说是相得益彰,交相辉映。这里介绍数款以安徽名茶烹制出的精美茶馔,以飨读者。

Characteristic Analysis of EST-SSR Markers in Lettuce(Lactuca sativa)

From the NCBI database, 81,518 Lactuca sativa EST sequences were downloaded, from which 61,757 non-redundant sequences were obtained. In total, 2040 SSR loci were identified, with the frequency of 3.3%. Trinucleotide repeat was dominant, followed by dinucieotide and hexanucleotide repeats. Among 181 types of repeat motifs, （AGA）n and （ATG）n were the dominant repeat motif types, taking up 12.01% and 3.53%, respectively. Totally, four material-special EST-SSR markers were characterized. This study enriches molecular markers of L. sativa, and also lays a theoretical foundation for following germplasm identification, molecular marker assisted breeding and genetic map construction.

Capsella bursa-pastoris extract as an eco-friendly inhibitor on the corrosion of Q235 carbon steels in 1 mol·L^(-1) hydrochloric acid

The corrosion inhibition effect of Capsella bursa-pastoris extracts(CBE) for Q235 carbon steels in 1 mol·L-1hydrochloric acid solution was studied using electrochemical methods, environmental scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and Raman microscopy analysis. The polarization plots indicate that CBE serves as an effective, mixedtype inhibitor. Linear polarization resistance shows that increasing CBE concentration and temperature results in increased inhibition ef ficiency. The highest inhibition ef ficiency can reach 97% when adding 60 mg·L-1CBE,which is better than some reported plant extracts under the similar environment. The adsorption of CBE molecules is found to obey the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Some thermodynamic and kinetic parameters for the adsorption process, such as the adsorption equilibrium constant(K), free energy of adsorption(ΔG ads), activation energy of corrosion reaction(E a) and the heat of adsorption(Q ads), are calculated and discussed. SEM and Raman microscopy analysis also demonstrate the formation of a CBE inhibition film on the metal surface.

High genetic diversity in gametophyte clones of Undaria pinnatifida from Vladivostok, Dalian and Qingdao revealed using microsatellite analysis

Breeding practice for Undaria pinnatifida （Harvey） Suringar requires the screening of a large number of offspring from gametophyte crossings to obtain an elite variety for large-scale cultivation. To better understand the genetic relationships of different gametophyte cultures isolated from different sources, 20 microsatellite loci were screened and 53 gametophyte clone cultures analyzed for U. pinnatijqda isolated from wild sporophytes in Vladivostok, Russia and from cultivated sporophytes from Dalian and Qingdao, China. One locus was abandoned because of poor amplification. At the sex-linked locus of Up-AC-2AS, 3 alleles were detected in 25 female gametophyte clones, with sizes ranging from 307 to 316 bp. At other loci, 3 to 7 alleles were detected with an average of 4.5 alleles per locus. The average number of alleles at each locus was 1.3 and 3.7 for Russian and Chinese gametophyte clones, respectively. The average gene diversity for Russian, Chinese, and for the combined total of gametophyte clones was 0.1, 0.4, and 0.5, respectively. Russian gametophyte clones had unique alleles at 7 out of the 19 loci. In cluster analysis, Russian and Chinese gametophyte clones were separated into two different groups according to genetic distance. Overall, high genetic diversity was detected in gametophyte clones isolated from the two countries. These gametophyte cultures were believed to be appropriate parental materials for conducting breeding programs in the future.

In Silico Screening for Microsatellite Markers from Expressed Sequence Tags of Porphyra yezoensis (Bangiales, Rhodophyta)

The genomic resources of Porphyra yezoensis expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were utilized to identify simple sequence repeats (SSRs), or microsatellites. This method took the advantage of using ESTs and microsatellites either for the establishment of gene identities or for the acquisition of high polymorphism. The microsatellites can be used as gene markers when microsatellites are tagged to genes. Revealed by bioinformatics analysis, 1 162 out of 21 954 ESTs contained microsatellites and cluster analysis indi- cated that 984 of these ESTs fell into 112 contigs, while the other 178 ESTs were singletons. A total of 290 unique SSR-containing genes were identified. The AAC SSRs were the most populous type of microsatellites. GC-rich microsatellites were predominant among all the microsatellites.

Ultrastructure of Single Cells, Callus-like and Monospore-like Cells in Porphyra yezoensis Ueda on Semi-solid Culture Medium

It had been demonstrated that individual cells or protoplasts isolated fromPorphyrathallus by enzyme could develop into normal leafy thalli in the same way as monospores, and that isolated cells develop in different way in liquid and on semi-solid media. The authors observed the ultrastructure of isolated vegetative cells cultured on semi-solid media and compared them with those of monospores and isolated cells cultured in liquid media. The results showed that subcellular structures were quite different among cells in different conditions. In their development, isolated cells on semi-solid media did not show the characteristic subcellular feature of monospore formation, such as production of fibrous vesicles. Callus-like cells formed on semi-solid media underwent a distinctive modification in cellular organization. They developed characteristic cell inclusions and a special 2-layer cell covering. Golgi bodies, ER, starch grains, mitochondria. Vacuoles were not commonly found in them.

Biogas by two-stage microbial anaerobic and semi-continuous digestion of Chinese cabbage waste

Anaerobic digestion of Chinese cabbage waste was investigated through a pilot-scale two-stage digester at a mesophilic temperature of 37 ℃. In the acidification digester, the main product was acetic acid, with the maxi- mum concentration of 4289 mg·L^-1 on the fourth day, accounting for 50.32% of total volatile fatty acids. The oxidation reduction potential （ORP） and NH^＋-N level decreased gradually with hydraulic retention time （HRT） of acidification. In the second digestion phase, the maximum methanogenic bacterial concentration reached 9.6 × 10^10ml^-1 at the organic loading rate （OLR） of 3.5-4 kg VS·m^-3, with corresponding HRT of 12-16 days. Accordingly, the optimal biogas production was 0.62 m^3· （kg VS）^-1, with methane content of 65%-68%;. ORP and NH4^＋-N levels in the methanizer remained between -500 and -560 mV and 2000-4500mg· L^-1, respec- tively. Methanococcus and Methanosarcina served as the main methanogens in the anaerobic digester.

Removal of Cypermethrin with Seaweed Gracilaria lemaneiformis

Abstract The removal of cypermethrin with a red macroalga, Gracilaria lemaneiformis, was studied under laboratory conditions. Results showed that the residue contents with G. lemaneiformis were significantly lower than those corresponding groups without the algal thalli after 96 h treatment. The removal rates decreased with increasing concentrations, which were about 50% without G. lemaneiformis after 96h exposure, and increased to 89%, 73%, and 66% in flasks with G. lemaneiformis at the concentrations of 10, 100, and 1000 gg L-1, respectively. The amount of biosorption （absorption and adsorption） by G. lemaneiformis increased with the increasing concentration and exposure time. Adsorption was the main process for the removal by G. lemaneiformis, which accounted for 75%-97% of the total biosorption. However, biosorption only contributed 0.5%-19.3% to the total losses of cypermethrin, which was more efficient under the low concentration. Natural losses contributed the largest portion of losses, which was over 65% in all treatments during the experiment. The unknown pathway of removal, which might be the bio-decomposed by microorganisms attaching the algal thalli, also contributed a lot to the total removal. The results suggested that cultivation of G. lemaneiformis could significantly remove cypermethrin, especially at low concentrations, and large-scale cultivation of G. lemaneiformis has considerable potential of biorestoration of eutrophic and cypermethrin-poUuted coastal sea areas.

Isolation and Characterization of Microorganisms for Degradation of Minimal Oils and Fats at Low Temperatures

The isolation of microorganisms for biodegradation of minimal fats and oils at low temperatures was reported. By using rapeseed oil as a sole carbon source, six strains were isolated from five kinds of oils/fats-contaminated wastewater, soil, and active sludge. Among them, two strains which show the highest oil removal ratios were identified as Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes and Pseudomonas mendocina, respectively. The experiments of orthogonal impact conditions show that the optimal oil degradation condition is at pH 8.0, 5 ℃ and 100 mg/L oil. Under this condition, the rapeseed oil degradation ratios of two strains after 24 hours amount to 92.6% and 92.0% respectively, whereas the removal ratios of lard decrease to 39.5% and 54.3%.

Pathogenicity of Septoria carvi Syd. towards Caraway Carum carvi L, （Apiaceae）

Septoria carvi belong to the fungi recently detected on caraway plants in the Polish climatic conditions. In many European countries, this fungus causes significant losses in caraway cultivation and decreases the quality and quantity of the herb material. The aim of the present work was to study the fungus harmfulness towards the sowing materials, stems, leaves and umbels of caraway. The pathogenicity tests according to Koch＇s postulates were carried out for isolates ofS. carvi using post-culture liquids and a water suspension of conidia to inoculate the plants＇ parts. The studies were conducted in the laboratory, the climatic chamber and in field conditions. S. carvi caused disease symptoms in the form of spots and necrosis on all tested plants organs. The infection was followed by natural openings what was shown by scanning electron microscope （SEM） microscopic observations. The efficiency of inoculation increased injuries and anatomical dipping of plant epidermal tissue. The study showed the ability for asymptomatic S. carvi colonization of inoculated plants＇ parts. The performed pathogenicity tests and microscopic observations SEM showed that the tested isolates of S. carvi were occasional pathogens of caraway.

Production and Evaluaton of Yoghurt Flavoured with Beetroot （Beta vulgaris L,）

Beetroot （Beta vulgaris L.） was pulped to get the juice. The juice was given heat treatment. Yoghurt was formulated and flavored with prepared beetroot （Beta vulgaris L.） juice at different concentration levels （0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mL）. The most preferred flavored yoghurt samples were obtained by sensory scores （color, flavor, mouth feel, aftertaste and overall acceptability）. The most preferred sample was then subjected to proximate, physico-chemical, microbiological and micro-nutrient analysis. The result obtained showed that the pH value ranged between 6.5 and 7.8. Thus, this showed that the product was quite good. However, ash and moisture content increased with addition of the beetroot juice, while micro-nutrient, （Mg, Na, K, Ca and Vitamin C） increased with the addition of the juice. There was no significant difference （P 〉 0.05） in the overall acceptability of all products. There was no coliform and mould growth in all the samples. The best concentration level in the samples was 90 mL of yoghurt and 10 mL of beetroot juice. Therefore, the beetroot flavored yoghurt could be said to be nutritious, safe and an acceptable product by the panelists.