Although biomass variations in Microcystis and microcystin have been widely reported,few studies have addressed whether different trophic states of natural lake water affect the spatial-temporal variations in abundanc...Although biomass variations in Microcystis and microcystin have been widely reported,few studies have addressed whether different trophic states of natural lake water affect the spatial-temporal variations in abundances of microcystin-producing Microcystis in a given bloom.In this study,we used a harmful algal bloom in Chaohu Lake,eastern China,as an example to investigate the mutual relationship between different nutrient states and environmental factors,and the impact on Microcystis.Overall,cyanobacteria and Microcystis were more abundant in the middle and western parts of the lake under high nutrients levels,while in the eastern part,nutrient concentrations were low enough to limit biomass,and their fluctuations affected the contents of toxic Microcystis.Moreover,microcystin concentration was correlated positively to nutrient levels and Microcystis biomass during bloom developing in 2013 from June to August.Temporally,the cellular content of total microcystin was lowest when the bloom peaked in intensity.Our results suggest that lake eutrophication not only results in cyanobacterial blooms,but may also increase the proportion of toxic Microcystis species and their cell-bound MCs contents(i.e.microcystin cell quotas) under mild eutrophication.The present investigation provided molecular evidence for the selection of MC-producing and non-MC-producing genotypes.The current study provides new evidence advocating the monitoring of partitions of large lakes when studying cyanobacteria and toxin-contaminated freshwaters,which will be beneficial for both water agencies and water researchers.展开更多
Fortifying commonly consumed foods and beverages offers a great opportunity of filling the nutrient gap between actual and the needed nutrient intakes of young children. Ready-to-drink beverage as a vehicle for fortif...Fortifying commonly consumed foods and beverages offers a great opportunity of filling the nutrient gap between actual and the needed nutrient intakes of young children. Ready-to-drink beverage as a vehicle for fortification is easy to administer, more consistent and least obstructive, because it can be consumed without further processing/cooking. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of fortified beverage on the improving of iron status and school performance test of schoolchildren. About 5,000 schoolchildren aged 6-12 years old from 19 schools in Quirino province, Philippines were invited to participate in the study. Samples of 4,875 children with parental consent were screened for hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels. About 4,495 children had complete participation in the school performance test, which were developed and administered by school supervisors. Children were fed 200 mL ready-to-drink juice fortified with iron, zinc, lysine, vitamins A and C for 120 d. The beverage was delivered through the baseline. At end of the intervention, only 1,050 children had complete data set and the anemia rate reduced from 100% to 60%. Iron deficiency has increased insignificantly from 3.6% to 4.5%. Mean percentage of test scores increased significantly between base and end of the study： English （40% to 60%）, math （35% to 58%） and science （32% to 58%）. In conclusion, consumption of 200 mL fortified juice drink had contributed to the reduction of anemia and increased tests scores of children.展开更多
基金Supported by the Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment(Nos.2012ZX07103-004-02,2015ZX07204002)the Henan Institute of Engineering Innovation Team Building Program(No.CXTD2014005)+2 种基金the Henan Province Science Projects for Colleges and Universities(No.15A610011)the City Science and Technology Project(No.20140659)the Fund Project for Doctor(No.D2014009)
文摘Although biomass variations in Microcystis and microcystin have been widely reported,few studies have addressed whether different trophic states of natural lake water affect the spatial-temporal variations in abundances of microcystin-producing Microcystis in a given bloom.In this study,we used a harmful algal bloom in Chaohu Lake,eastern China,as an example to investigate the mutual relationship between different nutrient states and environmental factors,and the impact on Microcystis.Overall,cyanobacteria and Microcystis were more abundant in the middle and western parts of the lake under high nutrients levels,while in the eastern part,nutrient concentrations were low enough to limit biomass,and their fluctuations affected the contents of toxic Microcystis.Moreover,microcystin concentration was correlated positively to nutrient levels and Microcystis biomass during bloom developing in 2013 from June to August.Temporally,the cellular content of total microcystin was lowest when the bloom peaked in intensity.Our results suggest that lake eutrophication not only results in cyanobacterial blooms,but may also increase the proportion of toxic Microcystis species and their cell-bound MCs contents(i.e.microcystin cell quotas) under mild eutrophication.The present investigation provided molecular evidence for the selection of MC-producing and non-MC-producing genotypes.The current study provides new evidence advocating the monitoring of partitions of large lakes when studying cyanobacteria and toxin-contaminated freshwaters,which will be beneficial for both water agencies and water researchers.
文摘Fortifying commonly consumed foods and beverages offers a great opportunity of filling the nutrient gap between actual and the needed nutrient intakes of young children. Ready-to-drink beverage as a vehicle for fortification is easy to administer, more consistent and least obstructive, because it can be consumed without further processing/cooking. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of fortified beverage on the improving of iron status and school performance test of schoolchildren. About 5,000 schoolchildren aged 6-12 years old from 19 schools in Quirino province, Philippines were invited to participate in the study. Samples of 4,875 children with parental consent were screened for hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels. About 4,495 children had complete participation in the school performance test, which were developed and administered by school supervisors. Children were fed 200 mL ready-to-drink juice fortified with iron, zinc, lysine, vitamins A and C for 120 d. The beverage was delivered through the baseline. At end of the intervention, only 1,050 children had complete data set and the anemia rate reduced from 100% to 60%. Iron deficiency has increased insignificantly from 3.6% to 4.5%. Mean percentage of test scores increased significantly between base and end of the study： English （40% to 60%）, math （35% to 58%） and science （32% to 58%）. In conclusion, consumption of 200 mL fortified juice drink had contributed to the reduction of anemia and increased tests scores of children.
