水杨酸和不同糖浓度对马铃薯试管微薯形成与生长的影响研究

分别在水杨酸和非水杨酸诱导下 ,研究了克新 1号和青薯 1 68脱毒苗在不同蔗糖浓度诱导培养基中试管微薯的发育状况 ,结果表明 :水杨酸影响微薯形成率 ,而蔗糖影响膨大率 ,二者协同决定微薯数量和重量。无水杨酸诱导时 ,8%～ 1 0 %糖浓度诱导效果最好 ,单瓶微薯数达 2 0枚左右 ,单薯平均重量 2 0 0 mg;0 .5mmol/L水杨酸诱导时 ,1 0 %～ 1 2 %蔗糖浓度效果最佳 ,单瓶微薯数达 30～ 40枚 ,单薯平均重量超过 1 0 0 mg,有效微薯的绝对数量最多。

水杨酸对马铃薯试管微薯形成的影响研究

研究了不同浓度水杨酸（ Ｓ Ａ）对马铃薯脱毒试管苗生长、分化及试管微薯诱导和发育的影响。结果表明：低浓度 Ｓ Ａ 显著抑制马铃薯试管苗主茎和根的生长，促进侧枝和匍匐茎分化。高浓度（０．１～１．０ ｍ ｍ ｏｌ／ Ｌ） Ｓ Ａ 能诱导试管微薯形成并显著提高结薯率。 Ｓ Ａ 浓度为 ０．５ｍ ｍ ｏｌ／ Ｌ 时，结薯率最高，且成薯集中。

紫玉淮山试管微薯诱导研究

以紫玉淮山的茎段为外植体,探究紫玉淮山从无菌萌发到丛生芽诱导、无菌苗生根诱导和试管薯诱导的技术途径,初步建立了紫玉淮山快速繁殖体系。实验结果表明:用沙藏法对紫玉淮山薯进行催芽萌发:先用0.001 mg/L浓度的扑海因对茎段喷雾1 h后,取茎段作外植体;接着用75%的酒精消毒30 s,再用0.1% HgCl2处理外植体5~7 min,最后用无菌水清洗3~5次,以MS + 6-BA 2.0 mg/L + NAA 0.2 mg/L为初始培养基,诱导丛生芽培养基MS + PP333 0.5 mg/L为最佳;诱导生根培养基以MS + 6-BA 0.2 mg/L + NAA 0.5 mg/L为最佳;诱导试管薯培养基以MS + NAA 0.5 mg/L + 6-BA 0.2 mg/L + 香豆素 50 mg/L结薯率最高为55.32%;初步探索出诱导零余子的培养基配方,零余子(珠芽)率为45%,还需要进一步探究。本文中所用培养基均蔗糖30 mg/L + 琼脂粉 5.2 g/L + 活性炭 0.5 g/L,pH 6.8。

Removal of Endosymbiosis Agrobacterium from Transgenic Potato

[Objective] This research aimed to solve the problems of growth and differentiation inhibition of transgenic potato plants caused by antibiotics used for bacteriostasis. [Method] Microtubers were induced using transgenic potato plants, which had generated shoots and formed transgenic bacteria-free plants. [Result] Among the three transgenic potato varieties, the optimal induction medium for SⅠ and SⅡ were MS＋ 0.5 mg/L of 6-BA ＋ 0.1 mg/L of GA3＋ 150 mg/L of cef, and the optimal induction medium for NT were MS＋ 0.5 mg/L of ZT ＋ 0.1 mg/L of GA3 ＋ 150 mg/L of cef; the optimal differentiation medium for tubers were MS＋ 0.5 mg/L of ZT ＋ 0.1 mg/L of NAA, and the tubers with diameters ranging from 0.5 to 0.7 cm had generated the most shoots. The transgenic bacteria-free plants were cultivated in propagation medium without antibiotics for 30 d with a contamination rate of 0, and the stems of bacteria-free plants were stout with no branching. [Conclusion] This method is simple and could be easily applied for the removal of bacteria, which had cleared away obstacles for the selection and growth of transgenic individuals.

激光农业应用

S123 2001053178用微束激光穿刺技术将商陆抗病毒蛋白(PAP)cDNA导入马铃薯的研究=Introduction of PAP cDNA into potato by laser microbeam puncture techniques[刊,中]/傅道林,王兰岚,张海燕,陈正华(中科院遗传研究所705组.北京(100101))//光子学报.—2000,29(11).—970-974以马铃薯(Solamun tuberosum L.)品种"津引8号"微薯切片作为外植体,采用微束激光穿刺技术获得了商陆抗病毒蛋白(PAP)cDNA的导入、整合与表达。图7参19(李士范)

Determination of Trace Elements in Potatoes by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the contents of trace elements in potatoes from different production areas in Qinghai Province. [Method] By flame atomic absorption spectrometry （FAAS）, the contents of various trace elements in potatoes were determined. [Result] Potatoes contain abundant trace elements such as Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Ca, K and Mg. To be specific, the contents of Ca, K and Mg were relatively high. [Conclusion] By using FAAS, the relative standard deviation was 1.17%-2.75% and the recovery rate was 97%-99.5%, indicating accurate and reli-able results with high precision.

Response of Two Sweet Potato （Ipomoea batatas L. Lam） Varieties Regenerated on Low Cost Tissue Culture Medium

Plant tissue culture continues to be of great interest within the realms of molecular biology, plant breeding and plant health However, different plant cultivars have different culture efficiencies to tissue culture. In this research, the response of two Kenyan sweet potato varieties, KEMB 36 and Tainurey, cultured on a low cost tissue culture medium was evaluated. The low cost medium contained plant nutrients that were obtained from locally available fertilizers. Each conventional Murashige and Skoog （MS） macronutrient was individually substituted with a locally available fertilizer. The conventional source of micronutrients was substituted with Stanes~ Iodized Microfood while sucrose was obtained from table sugar. Performance of the two cultivars was monitored over a period of six weeks. KEMB 36 had a better performance than Tainurey with an average of eight nodes, seven leaves, three roots and height of four centimeters per plantlet indicating genotype-dependent response.

Changes of Metabolites and Macro- and Micro-elements in Hungarian Potatoes under Organic and Conventional Farming

To study the effect of cultivation system （conventional and organic） on potato tuber components, 42 parameters （anti-nutritives, micro- and macro-elements and 23 metabolites） were studied in three multi-resistant Hungarian potato varieties for three years in 2007-2009. Discriminant analysis of data proved that all investigated factors （farming technology, genotype and season/year） had significant effect on metabolites. Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic （HPLC-DAD, HPLC-MS） and elemental analysis methods have been adapted to quantify the major components, i.e., steroidal alkaloids, nitrite, nitrate, sugars, amino acids and micro-elements, in potato tubers. The absolute amount and changes of tuber components were influenced differentially by the technology, genotype and season in a complex manner. Any examined component, except nitrate content, was found to be significantly higher or lower consistently in relation to the production practice （organic or conventional） during the three years trials. Under the examined circumstances, no consequent positive effect of organic fanning on the total amount of anti-nutritive components, vitamins or micro- and macro-elements of potato tubers could be proven.

Evaluation of Kenyan Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato （Ipomoea batatas Lam,） Purees for Functional Food Production

Consumption of functional foods with health promoting benefits and/or disease prevention has been on the increase globally. The study aimed at evaluating the potential of utilizing Kenyan orange fleshed sweet potato （Ipomoea batatas Lam.） for functional food production with aesthetics benefits. Purees from three different varieties of orange fleshed sweet potato （OFSP） were analyzed for nutritional, physicochemical and microbial quality, The findings of the study show that the three purees were all microbiologically safe and of near neutral pH, but differed significantly （P 〈 0.05） in nutrient content （dry matter content, 12.76-28.23%; crude fiber, 1.37-2.90% fresh weight basis （FWB）; 13-carotene, 0.94-9.27 mg/100g dry weight basis （DWB）; starch, 10.20-18.30% FWB ＆ total sugar 27.08-31.76% DWB）. The purees had attractive appearance （ranging from yellow to dark orange）, with varying significantly different spectrophotometer hunters color scale （P 〈 0.05）, and flow ability. Conclusions from the findings show great potential of utilizing the varying properties of OFSP puree to produce enriched functional food products such as probiotic/prebiotic dairy, beverages, bakery and baby foods.

Genotypic Assessment by RAPD Markers and Ultrastructural Characteristics of a NaCI-Tolerant Potato Cell Line

Salinity is a serious threat to agricultural production. Potato （Solanum tuberosum） is an important food crop characterised for having low to moderate salinity tolerance. Tissue cultures may be relevant to improve salt tolerance in potato through selection of salt-tolerant cell lines and subsequent regeneration of plants. In this work, the authors used the random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） markers to investigate the occurrence of genetic polymorphism in a potato calli line tolerant to 150 mM NaCI. Out of 40 primers screened, eight generated polymorphic patterns that distinguished salt-tolerant line from the control. Although the macroscopic appearance was similar in both lines, ultrastructural study revealed alterations in salt-grown cells. These showed that plastids less differentiated with a lower number of grana had more and larger starch grains than control cells. In conclusion, RAPD analysis revealed that NaCl-adapted line is a somaclonal variant and the ultrastructural study showed changes essentially at the plastids.