活化金尾矿掺量对混凝土力学性能与微观结构性能的影响

这是一篇陶瓷及复合材料领域的论文。为了研究活性金尾矿掺量对混凝土力学性能、微观结构性能和水化性能的影响,开展了不同掺量金尾矿混凝土的力学性能、XRD、TG-DTG和水化特性实验。结果表明:在粉磨时间为30 min时,金尾矿的比表面积达到了极大值以及其晶体结晶化度达到了极小值。而在金尾矿掺量为30%时,混凝土的基本力学和物理性能达到较佳状态;且掺入活性金尾矿混凝土的微观结构性能、水化放热速率和放热量均优于掺入非活性金尾矿混凝土的微观结构性能、水化放热速率和放热量。随着金尾矿粉磨时间的不断增大,金尾矿粒度累积曲线的变化规律都呈现先增大后趋于稳定的趋势,且随着粉磨时间的不断增大,金尾矿粒度累积越来越大。

基于工业CT乳化沥青冷再生混合料细微观结构性能研究

以国内现行的马歇尔击实、静压、振动、轮碾、旋转压实五种成型方式为载体,基于工业CT的无损检测技术和VG软件的三维重构功能对不同成型方式冷再生混合料内部的空级配、空隙等效直径、最可几孔径、空隙形状特征、粗颗粒的颗粒取向以及集料的破损状况等开展了系统研究,并分析给出最可几孔径、集料颗粒取向的数学模型表征以及建立了不同成型方式再生混合料细微观分布特征与力学性能之间的回归关系。研究结果表明:不同成型方式冷再生混合料空级配、最可几孔径之间的差异较为明显,乳化沥青冷再生混合料空隙体积与表面积符合lg V=K*lg S+B双对数线性拟合,将乳化沥青冷再生混合料细微观空隙结构等效为球体只是一种理想状态;不同成型方式乳化沥青冷再生混合料粗集料取向角基本符合洛伦兹分布,成型方式对再生混合料颗粒取向有显著影响,旋转压实、振动两种成型方式与路面芯样粗集料颗粒取向角最接近,而轮碾成型与实际路面碾压条件相差最大。

不同成型方式泡沫沥青冷再生混合料细微观结构性能研究

以国内现行的马歇尔击实、静压、振动、轮碾、旋转压实5种成型方式为载体,基于工业CT的无损检测技术和VG软件的三维重构功能,对不同成型方式冷再生混合料内部的空级配、空隙等效直径、最可几孔径、空隙形状特征、粗颗粒的颗粒取向以及集料的破损状况等开展了系统研究,并分析给出最可几孔径、集料颗粒取向的数学模型表征,建立了不同成型方式再生混合料细微观分布特征与力学性能之间的回归关系。研究结果表明:不同成型方式冷再生混合料空级配、最可几孔径之间的差异较为明显,泡沫沥青冷再生混合料空隙体积与表面积符合lg V=K·lg S+B双对数线性拟合,将泡沫沥青冷再生混合料细微观空隙结构等效为球体只是一种理想状态;不同成型方式泡沫沥青冷再生混合料粗集料取向角基本符合洛伦兹分布,成型方式对再生混合料颗粒取向有显著影响,旋转压实、振动两种成型方式与路面芯样粗集料颗粒取向角最接近,而轮碾成型与实际路面碾压条件相差最大。

珠江口区淤泥土微观结构性研究

有针对性地对珠江口区代表性地段淤泥典型试样进行了基础试验,并以此为据结合先前工程实践对区内淤泥土的微观结构及其力学影响进行了分析和探讨。掌握珠江口区淤泥土的特殊工程性质,在工程建设中具有非常重要的意义。

不同掺量铁尾矿对3D打印混凝土胶凝材料性能的影响

这是一篇陶瓷及复合材料领域的论文。本文研究了掺铁尾矿3D打印胶凝材料的力学性能、流变性和微观结构性能,结果表明:尾矿的粒径较小,可以作为3D打印材料的骨料,在3D打印过程中可以顺利通过输送胶凝材料的管道。随着铁尾矿掺量的不断增大,3D打印胶凝材料的剪切黏度的变化规律呈现出先减小后稳定的趋势,剪切应力的变化规律却呈现出不断增大的趋势,随着层间间隔时间不断增大,3D打印胶凝材料的抗压强度和抗折强度均呈现下降的变化趋势,但是在层间间隔时间在20~30 min之间时,抗压强度和抗折强度下降幅度较为平缓;随着层间间隔时间不断增大,3D打印胶凝材料的层间粘结强度均呈现下降的变化趋势。铁尾矿掺量为30%的3D打印胶凝材料在水化90 d后,经过XRD衍射实验得到胶凝材料的物质成分主要有石英、钙矾石、方解石、钠长石、钙钛矿、Ca_(2)SiO_(4)和水化硅酸钙等七种物质。

Increasing the toughness while reducing the viscosity of carbon nanotube/ polyether imide/polyether ether ketone nanocomposites

Polyether ether ketone(PEEK)has good mechanical properties.However,its high viscosity when molten limits its use because it is hard to process.PEEK nanocomposites containing both carbon nanotubes(CNTs)and polyether imide(PEI)were pre-pared by a direct wet powder blending method using a vertical injection molding machine.The addition of an optimum amount of PEI lowered the viscosity of the molten PEEK by approximately 50%while producing an increase in the toughness of the nanocom-posites,whose strain to failure increased by 129%,and fracture energy increased by 97%.The uniformly dispersed CNT/PEI powder reduced the processing difficulty of PEEK nanocomposites without affecting the thermal resistance.This improvement of the strength and viscosity of PEEK facilitate its use in the preparation of thermoplastic composites.

Time-dependent effects in transient liquid phase bonding of 304L and Cp-Ti using an Ag-Cu interlayer

One of the challenges for bimetal manufacturing is the joining process.Hence,transient liquid phase(TLP)bonding was performed between 304L stainless steel and Cp-Ti using an Ag-Cu interlayer with a thickness of 75μm for bonding time of 20,40,60,and 90 min.The bonding temperature of 860℃ was considered,which is under the β transus temperature of Cp-Ti.During TLP bonding,various intermetallic compounds(IMCs),including Ti_(5)Cr_(7)Fe_(17),(Cr,Fe)_(2)Ti,Ti(Cu,Fe),Ti_(2)(Cu,Ag),and Ti_(2)Cu from 304L toward Cp-Ti formed in the joint.Also,on the one side,with the increase in time,further diffusion of elements decreases the blocky IMCs such as Ti_(5)Cr_(7)Fe_(17),(Cr,Fe)_(2)Ti,Ti(Cu,Fe)in the 304L diffusion-affected zone(DAZ)and reaction zone,and on the other side,Ti_(2)(Cu,Ag)IMC transformed into fine morphology toward Cp-Ti DAZ.The microhardness test also demonstrated that the(Cr,Fe)_(2)Ti+Ti_(5)Cr_(7)Fe_(17) IMCs in the DAZ on the side of 304L have a hardness value of HV 564,making it the hardest phase.The maximum and minimum shear strength values are equal to 78.84 and 29.0 MPa,respectively.The cleavage pattern dominated fracture surfaces due to the formation of brittle phases in dissimilar joints.

Characteristic and optimization of ferrite-rich sulfoaluminate-based composite cement suitable for cold region tunnels

To develop suitable grouting materials for water conveyance tunnels in cold regions,firstly,this study investigated the performance evolution of ferrite-rich sulfoaluminate-based composite cement(FSAC grouting material)at 20 and 3℃.The results show that low temperature only delays the strength development of FSAC grouting material within the first 3 d.Then,the effect of four typical early strength synergists on the early properties of FSAC grouting material was evaluated to optimize the early(£1 d)strength at 3℃.The most effective synergist,Ca(HCOO)_(2),which enhances the low-temperature early strength without compromising fluidity was selected based on strength and fluidity tests.Its micro-mechanism was analyzed by XRD,TG,and SEM methods.The results reveal that the most suitable dosage range is 0.3 wt%−0.5 wt%.Proper addition of Ca(HCOO)_(2)changed the crystal morphology of the hydration products,decreased the pore size and formed more compact hydration products by interlocking and overlapping.However,excessive addition of Ca(HCOO)_(2)inhibited the hydration reaction,resulting in a simple and loose structure of the hydration products.The research results have reference value for controlling surrounding rock deformation and preventing water and mud inrushes during the excavation in cold region tunnels.

铁尾矿粉水泥基材料的性能实验研究

为了研究掺入铁尾矿粉对水泥基材料性能的影响,研究了铁尾矿粉掺入量对其微观结构性能、水化机理以及水化作用后矿物成分变化的影响。综合水泥基材料的物理力学实验结果,得出在铁尾矿粉掺量为30%(质量分数)、比表面积为450m^(2)/kg时,水泥基材料各项性能达到最佳。在同一水化时间作用下,随着铁尾矿掺量的不断增大,水泥基材料的水化放热速率与放热量均减小,且水泥基材料孔隙率的变化规律呈现出先减小后增大的趋势。而水泥基材料的XRD谱图衍射峰变化规律基本相似;但是Ca(OH)_(2)的衍射峰强度值却不断减小;而二氧化硅衍射峰强度值的变化规律呈现出不断增大的趋势;硅酸二钙的衍射峰强度值和硅酸三钙的衍射峰强度值都呈现出减小的趋势。

Influence of nano-SiC on microstructure and property of MAO coating formed on AZ91D magnesium alloy

Ceramic coating incorporated with nano-SiC was obtained on AZ91D magnesium alloy during MAO by adding nano-SiC into the silicate-aluminate-based composite electrolyte. The microstructure, thickness, phase analysis, element composition and hardness of the coatings were respectively investigated by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, film thickness meter, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, energy disperse spectroscopy（EDS） and Vickers hardness tester. The wear resistance of Mg alloy and coatings were evaluated by friction and wear apparatus, while the corrosion resistance of Mg alloy and coatings were evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS）. The results show that after adding nano-SiC into the electrolyte, both the striking voltage and final voltage decrease, the size and number of the micropore on the surface of the coating decrease, the thickness and hardness of the coating increase, both the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the coating raise.

Microstructure and properties of rare earth-containing Cu-Cr-Zr alloy

Cu-0.81Cr-0.12Zr-0.05La-0.05Y(mass fraction) alloy was successively subjected to hot rolling, solid solution treatment, cold rolling and aging treatments. Its microstructure, microhardness and electrical conductivity at different states were systematically investigated. The as-cast microstructure consists of three phases: Cu matrix, Cr and Cu5 Zr. Zr is completely dissolved into the matrix while partial Cr remains after the solid solution treatment. Aging of the cold-rolled sample makes nanocrystals of Cr and Cu5 Zr precipitate from the matrix, and the microhardness and electrical conductivity rise. A combination of high microhardness(HV 186) and high conductivity(81% IACS) can be obtained by aging the sample at 773 K for 60 min. As the aging temperature increases, the orientation degree of the Cu crystals gradually decreases to zero, but the microstrain in them cannot be eliminated completely owing to the presence of precipitates and dislocations. The Cr precipitates exhibit the N-W orientation relationship with the matrix when the coherence strengthening mechanism plays a main role.

Observation and characterization of asphalt microstructure by atomic force microscopy

The microstructure of asphalt is investigated by atomic force microscopy （AFM）. In order to analyze the impacts of asphalt types on microstructures, two neat asphalts with different penetration grades （50# and 70#） and one styrene-butadiene-styrene （SBS） modified asphalt are chosen. The influence of short-term aging is also studied. Based on the knowledge of asphalt＇s microproperties, the relationship between microstructures and healing property is analyzed. The results indicate that the microstructures of three asphalts are quite different and the effects of aging on the surface characteristics for different asphalts are also different. It is proposed that the bee structure is a type of wax crystal and it has a close relationship with the ＂bridge-healing＂ mechanism. The findings may reveal the formation mechanism of microstructure and the healing property for asphalts.

Failure mechanism of as-cast Mg-6Zn-2Er alloy during tensile test at room temperature

Tensile test of the as-cast Mg-6Zn-2Er alloy was conducted at room temperature. The results indicate that the alloy is inclined to failure when the strain reaches 5.6%. The coarse secondary phases are responsible for the failure, especially for the Mg3Zn3Er2 phase （W-phase）. It is indicated that the existence of the W-phase activates the stress concentrations due to the incapacity of W-phase for the load transfer, which results in the void at the inner of the W-phase. In comparison, the interface between the matrix and the secondary phase is stable. In conclusion, the characters of the secondary phases with respect to size, distribution, morphology and type, play an important role in the plastic deformation behavior of the alloy.

Effects of current density on microstructure and properties of plasma electrolytic oxidation ceramic coatings formed on 6063 aluminum alloy

Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) ceramic coatings were fabricated in a silicate-based electrolyte with the addition of potassium fluorozirconate (K2ZrF6) on 6063 aluminum alloy, and the effects of current density on microstructure and properties of the PEO coatings were studied. It was found that pore density of the coatings decreased with increasing the current density. The tribological and hardness tests suggested that the ceramic coating produced under the current density of 15 A/dm2showed the best mechanical property, which matched well with the phase analysis. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization curves proved that the coating obtained under 15 A/dm2 displayed the best anti-corrosion property, which was directly connected with morphologies of coatings.

Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and tensile strength of NiCoCrAl alloy sheet fabricated by EB-PVD

The NiCoCrAl alloy sheet was fabricated by electron beam physical vapor deposition technique and the effects of the heat treatment on the microstructure and tensile strength of the NiCoCrAl alloy sheet were investigated. The heat treatment at 1050 °C is favorable to improve the interface bonding between the columnar structures due to the disappearance of the intergranular gaps. Comparing with the thin NiCoCrAl alloy sheet before heat treatment, the Ni3Al phase appears in the NiCoCrAl alloy sheet after heat treatment, which is favorable to improve the interface bonding between the columnar structures. The increase in the tensile strength and elongation is attributed to the improvement of the interface bonding between the columnar structures. The residual stress in the NiCoCrAl alloy sheet after heat treatment is reduced significantly, which also confirms that the interface bonding is improved by the heat treatment.

Influence of Ti target current on microstructure and properties of Ti-doped graphite-like carbon films

Ti-doped graphite-like carbon （Ti-GLC） films were synthesized successfully by magnetron sputtering technique. The compositions, microstructures and properties of the Ti-doped GLC films dependent on the parameter of Ti target current were systemically investigated by Raman spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, atomic force microscopy （AFM）, nanoindentation and ball-on-disk tribometer. With the increase of the Ti target current, the ratio of sp2 bond and the content of Ti as well as the film hardness and compressive internal stress increase, but the high content of the Ti would result in the loose film due to the formation of the squamose structure. Less incorporated Ti reduces the friction of the GLC film in dry-sliding condition, while pure GLC film exhibits the lowest friction coefficient in water-lubricated condition. Ti-GLC film deposited with low Ti target current shows high wear resistance in both dry-sliding and water-lubricated conditions.

Effect of minor-addition of Fe on structural and mechanical properties of CuZrAl bulk metallic glass

The CuZrAl bulk metallic glass with minor-addition of Fe was prepared by rapid quenching method. The structures were examined by X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The effect of Fe on the glass-forming ability was studied by differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）. The minor-addition of Fe obviously extends the supercooled liquid region ΔTx. The plastic strain of the Cu44Zr48Al7Fe bulk metallic glass is about 1.5%. The microstructures were examined by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. It is found that when 1%-2% Fe （mole fraction） were introduced into the CuZrAl alloy matrix, nanoscale phase separation occurs in the as-prepared Cu44Zr48Al7Fe bulk metallic glass.

Properties of magneto-rheological fluids based on amorphous micro-particles

To improve the magneto-rheological (MR) properties of magneto-rheological fluids, self-made amorphous alloy particles, the composition of which was Fe76Cr2Mo2Sn2P10B2C2Si4, were used as the disperse phase to replace traditional carbonyl iron (CI) particles to prepare amorphous based magneto-rheological fluid (AMRF). Soft magnetic properties and densities of the amorphous particles and the CI particles were tested and compared. The results indicate the amorphous particles present a lower density but larger magnetization intensity and larger permeability at lower field levels. Properties of the AMRF with 20% particles in volume fraction were tested and compared with the CI based MR fluid (CMRF). The AMRF presents a saturation yield stress of 41 kPa at ~227 kA/m and a sedimentation ratio of 80%. The results indicate the magneto-rheological fluid based on amorphous micro-particles has better MR properties and sedimentation stability than that based on CI particles at lower field levels (0-200 kA/m).

Microstructure and room temperature tensile property of as-cast Ti44Al6Nb1.0Cr2.0V alloy

The nominal Ti44Al6Nb1.0Cr2.0V alloy was newly designed and prepared by vacuum consumable melting technique with the ingot sizes of d225 mm×320 mm. The results show that the average lamella colony size is 780-1830 μm. This as-cast alloy has a modified near lamellar(M-NL) structure that is composed of mainly larger(α2+γ) lamella colonies and smaller(B2+equiaxed γ) blocky morphology. It exhibits the moderate tensile properties at room temperature, in which the Region(5) yields the ultimate tensile strength(UTS) about 499 MPa and the elongation about 0.53%. The obvious brittle fracture characteristics and trans-granular interlamellar fracture are the predominant modes. After room temperature tensile testing, there are some <101] and a few 1/2<112] superdislocations in the γ phase. The as-cast microcrack is the main factor to deteriorate the tensile property, which results in the premature fracture, poor ductility and few dislocations. The addition of Nb, Cr and V can decrease stacking fault energy(SFE) obviously, which is helpful to enhancing the ductility of the alloy.

Microstructure and mechanical property of 2024/3003 gradient aluminum alloy

gradient aluminum alloy was prepared by semi-continuous casting using double-stream-pouring technique. The microstructures of the as-cast, pressed and heat-treated alloys were analyzed by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. And the mechanical properties of the alloy in pressed and heat-treated states were studied. The results show that the ingots with diameter of 65 mm and external thickness （about） 5.5 mm are obtained when the temperatures of the melt in the internal and external ladles are 1 023 and 1 003 K, respectively, and the nozzle diameter is 2.0 mm. The microstructures of the as-cast alloy consist of α（Al）+（θ（CuAl2））+S（Al2CuMg） in the internal region and （α（Al）+MnAl6） in the external region. The phases found in the internal and external layers coexist in the transition zone. The transition layer is maintained after plastic deformation and heat treatment of the alloy. The tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of the alloy are 300 MPa, 132 MPa and 16.0%, respectively, after T6 treatment. The tensile and yield strength are increased by 150.0% and （94.1%,） respectively, compared with that of 3003 aluminum alloy. The maximum hardness in the internal region of 2024/3003 gradient aluminum alloy can be increased from HRF 55 in the pressed state to HRF 70 in the heat-treated state.