It is known that deficiencies of micronutrients due to infections increase morbidity and mortality.This phenomenon depicts itself conspicuously in developing countries. Deficiencies of iron,vitamins A,E,C,B12,etc are ...It is known that deficiencies of micronutrients due to infections increase morbidity and mortality.This phenomenon depicts itself conspicuously in developing countries. Deficiencies of iron,vitamins A,E,C,B12,etc are widely prevalent among populations living in the third world countries.Helicobacter pylori(H pylori)infection has a high prevalence throughout the world.Deficiencies of several micronutrients due to H pylori infection may be concomitantly present and vary from subtle sub-clinical states to severe clinical disorders.These essential trace elements/ micronutrients are involved in host defense mechanisms, maintaining epithelial cell integrity,glycoprotein synthesis, transport mechanisms,myocardial contractility,brain development,cholesterol and glucose metabolism.In this paper H pylori infection in associaed with various micronutrients deficiencies is briefly reviewed.展开更多
The direct impact of seed-borne fungi on seed is considerable. Many fungi are serious parasites of seed primordial and maturing seeds and reduce yield of seed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Other fungi, includ...The direct impact of seed-borne fungi on seed is considerable. Many fungi are serious parasites of seed primordial and maturing seeds and reduce yield of seed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Other fungi, including saprophytes and very weak parasites, may lower the quality of seeds by causing discoloration which may seriously depreciate the commercial value of seeds, particularly of grain when graded for consumption. Studies by using scanning electron microscopy （SEM） confirmed the importance of the seed coat, and seed cells as infection sites as well as location of the mycelium of the investigated fungus. Macrophominaphaseolina The present investigation is undertaken to study the colonization, infection and fungal establishment on different sesame seed parts by （SEM）. A successful colonization of M. phaseolina to seed tissues was also detected. Different forms of pycnidial shapes were also observed.展开更多
The essential trace element iron regulates a wide range of biological processes in virtually all living organisms.Because both iron deficiency and iron overload can lead to various pathological conditions,iron homeost...The essential trace element iron regulates a wide range of biological processes in virtually all living organisms.Because both iron deficiency and iron overload can lead to various pathological conditions,iron homeostasis is tightly regulated,and understanding this complex process will help pave the way to developing new therapeutic strategies for inflammatory disease.In recent years,significant progress has been made with respect to elucidating the roles of iron and iron-related genes in the development and maintenance of the immune system.Here,we review the timing and mechanisms by which systemic and cellular iron metabolism are regulated during the inflammatory response and during infectious disease,processes in which both the host and the pathogen compete for iron.We also discuss the evidence and implications that immune cells such as macrophages,T cells,and B cells require sufficient amounts of iron for their proliferation and for mediating their effector functions,in which iron serves as a co-factor in toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)signaling,mitochondrial respiration,posttranslational regulation,and epigenetic modification.In addition,we discuss the therapeutic implications of targeting ferroptosis,iron homeostasis and/or iron metabolism with respect to conferring protection against pathogen infection,controlling inflammation,and improving the efficacy of immunotherapy.展开更多
文摘It is known that deficiencies of micronutrients due to infections increase morbidity and mortality.This phenomenon depicts itself conspicuously in developing countries. Deficiencies of iron,vitamins A,E,C,B12,etc are widely prevalent among populations living in the third world countries.Helicobacter pylori(H pylori)infection has a high prevalence throughout the world.Deficiencies of several micronutrients due to H pylori infection may be concomitantly present and vary from subtle sub-clinical states to severe clinical disorders.These essential trace elements/ micronutrients are involved in host defense mechanisms, maintaining epithelial cell integrity,glycoprotein synthesis, transport mechanisms,myocardial contractility,brain development,cholesterol and glucose metabolism.In this paper H pylori infection in associaed with various micronutrients deficiencies is briefly reviewed.
文摘The direct impact of seed-borne fungi on seed is considerable. Many fungi are serious parasites of seed primordial and maturing seeds and reduce yield of seed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Other fungi, including saprophytes and very weak parasites, may lower the quality of seeds by causing discoloration which may seriously depreciate the commercial value of seeds, particularly of grain when graded for consumption. Studies by using scanning electron microscopy （SEM） confirmed the importance of the seed coat, and seed cells as infection sites as well as location of the mycelium of the investigated fungus. Macrophominaphaseolina The present investigation is undertaken to study the colonization, infection and fungal establishment on different sesame seed parts by （SEM）. A successful colonization of M. phaseolina to seed tissues was also detected. Different forms of pycnidial shapes were also observed.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31930057 and 31970689)the National Key Research and Development Program(2018YFA0507802,2018YFA0507801,and 2018YFC2000405).
文摘The essential trace element iron regulates a wide range of biological processes in virtually all living organisms.Because both iron deficiency and iron overload can lead to various pathological conditions,iron homeostasis is tightly regulated,and understanding this complex process will help pave the way to developing new therapeutic strategies for inflammatory disease.In recent years,significant progress has been made with respect to elucidating the roles of iron and iron-related genes in the development and maintenance of the immune system.Here,we review the timing and mechanisms by which systemic and cellular iron metabolism are regulated during the inflammatory response and during infectious disease,processes in which both the host and the pathogen compete for iron.We also discuss the evidence and implications that immune cells such as macrophages,T cells,and B cells require sufficient amounts of iron for their proliferation and for mediating their effector functions,in which iron serves as a co-factor in toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)signaling,mitochondrial respiration,posttranslational regulation,and epigenetic modification.In addition,we discuss the therapeutic implications of targeting ferroptosis,iron homeostasis and/or iron metabolism with respect to conferring protection against pathogen infection,controlling inflammation,and improving the efficacy of immunotherapy.
