致密油藏微量气气水交替注入参数的设计方法

致密油藏中孔喉狭小,且非均质性很强,油水两相间形成较高的毛管阻力,水驱过程中水相将首先突破毛管压力较小的大孔道。随着大孔道的连续性被突破,一个水窜通道将逐渐形成,之后注入的水将沿着水窜通道流动而失去驱油作用,若储层中存在微裂缝该现象更明显。研究致密油藏储层孔隙结构及水驱过程可能的毛管压力分布,针对气水交替中油气水毛管压力压降特征,提出了注入微量气段塞及大量水段塞调堵致密油藏天然裂缝及较大孔隙的气水交替法,设计了一种新的微量气注入实验,并且从注入强度、注入周期和注入次数3个方面进行优化,预测采收率的变化。研究表明,采用微量气气水交替法对致密油藏水驱水窜后提高开发效果是有效的。

微量曝气条件下SBR反应器的运行特性研究

在 4种不同供气量条件下 ,研究了SBR反应器去除COD和氧化氨氮的沿程变化规律 ,重点考察了在微量供气、低溶解氧条件下的反应器运行特性 .在本试验运行条件下 ,4 0L h的供气量刚好提供了去除COD和氨氮所需的氧 ,此状态下反应器内的溶解氧平均水平为 0 5mg L .试验中对运行工艺参数DO、ORP和pH的监测表明 ,这些参数在一个运行周期内具有一定的变化规律 ,并且它们的变化与反应器内的物质状态存在严格的对应关系 .

微量动脉血气分析在新生儿急危重症中的临床应用

目的探索研究微量动脉血气分析用于新生儿急危重症的临床效果.方法将本院2019年1月至10月期间收治的急危重症新生儿160例作为观察对象并随机分组,选择桡动脉采血,对照组80例均实施传统血气分析检测,观察组80例均实施微量动脉血气分析检测.对比效果.结果观察组一次穿刺成功率为97.50%,明显超过对照组的87.50%(P<0.05);血液标本合格率为97.50%,明显超过对照组的88.75%(P<0.05).观察组采血时间及检测时间显著少于对照组(P<0.05),其疼痛评分明显低于对照组(P<0.05).结论微量动脉血气分析用于新生儿急危重症,可以有效提升一次穿刺成功率及标本合格率高,操作方便,节省时间,提供有价值的诊断依据.

电解式工业气相微量水份仪及其应用

简述了工业气体测量技术的发展和电解式工业气相微量水份仪的原理。

微量胶囊法^(14)C-尿素呼气试验检测幽门螺旋杆菌感染的评价

目的 :研究微量胶囊法14 C -尿素呼气试验 (UBT)诊断幽门螺旋杆菌 (HP)的临床应用价值。方法 :对 3 5 2例因消化道症状就医的患者同时进行14 C -尿素呼气试验 (UBT)、快速尿素酶 (RUT)及病理组织学检查。将上述三种方法的灵敏度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值加以比较。其中 67例患者经抗HP治疗后复查14 C -尿素呼气试验。结果 :14 C -尿素呼气试验的灵敏度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值高于快速尿素酶及病理组织学。经抗HP治疗后的患者大部分HP检查阴性 ,阳性者其14 CDPM值也大为降低。结论 :14 C -尿素呼气试验具有安全、简便、可靠。

用气相色谱法测定工业冷却废水中微量甲醇、乙醇、丙酮、醋酸甲酯、醋酸乙烯的含量

该文提出了以正丙醇为内标 ,GDX— 10 1高分子多孔微球为柱填料 ,用氢火焰检测器测定 ,使用 10 2 G- D气相色谱仪 ,可测出低至 1mg/ L的甲醇、乙醇、丙酮、醋酸甲酯和 10 m g/ L的醋酸乙烯。

HZ-3321A型工业气相微量水分仪的故障分析及维护

介绍了HZ 3321A型工业气相微量水分仪的原理和结构配置,分析了使用在催化重整装置氢气分析过程中常见故障的原因,并给出了相应的对策和维护方案。

油水气三相微量润滑冷却关键技术及应用

本企业针对金属加工现状创造性发明了包括油水气三相微量润滑冷却系统和油水气三相微量润滑专用微量润滑剂;油水气三相微量润滑冷却系统由微量喷油装置、喷水溶液装置和节能喷嘴构成,油、水在输送至加工点前进行混合,形成特 殊的 W/O 型的润滑油水滴,在到达加工点时油膜破裂,水立即蒸发后带走大量的热量,油保留在加工点上起润滑和冷却作用, 选择有极性的微量润滑油,可以形成完善的油包水膜,同时又必须要考虑极压抗磨、润滑性和防锈性,减少加工时摩擦产生 的热量,保持加工工艺面的完美;压缩空气流能不断带走因摩擦而产生的部分热量;油水气三相专用微量润滑剂包括提供优 异润滑性能的油剂 A 剂和提供冷却防锈性能优越的水剂 B 剂组成。解决了机加工的切削油液投入量大、消耗大、浪费泄漏量大、 环境污染严重的缺点,适用于金属加工的铣削、车削、钻孔、攻丝、滚切、锯切等工艺的冷却、润滑。

基于LabVIEW的实验室厌氧发酵产气在线监测系统

针对实验室厌氧发酵试验周期长、产气速率低、人工测量产气量劳动强度大的问题,根据排水法原理,设计了基于LabVIEW软件平台的微量产气在线监测系统,实现了系统标定、测量液体自动添加和补充、产气量实时测量、累积产气曲线实时显示和监测数据自动存储等功能。厌氧发酵试验测试结果表明:在线监测数据与人工测量数据对比,相对误差平均值为-2.30%,相对误差最大值为-3.03%,该系统具有良好的准确度和稳定性,可满足实验室厌氧发酵试验微量产气实时监测的需求。

全自动干燥法气驱试验装置

近年来,低渗透储量在我国原油储量中所占比例愈来愈大,低渗透油藏高效开发一直是采油工程领域重要研究课题,为此,笔者通过开展一系列相关研究,开发一种先进的气驱研究设备,对于解决超低渗岩心油气藏参数的测定、研究等工作中所需的微量计量难题提供了有很好的解决方案,为超低渗油气藏的勘探开发相关科研、生产提供了有力的试验手段。

Surface Trace Gases at a Rural Site between the Megacities of Beijing and Tianjin

The North China Plain(NCP) has recently faced serious air quality problems as a result of enhanced gas pollutant emissions due to the process of urbanization and rapid economic growth.To explore regional air pollution in the NCP,measurements of surface ozone(O3),nitrogen oxides(NOx),and sulfur dioxide(SO2) were carried out from May to November 2013 at a rural site(Xianghe) between the twin megacities of Beijing and Tianjin.The highest hourly ozone average was close to 240 ppbv in May,followed by around 160 ppbv in June and July.High ozone episodes were more notable than in 2005 and were mainly associated with air parcels from the city cluster in the hinterland of the polluted NCP to the southwest of the site.For NOx,an important ozone precursor,the concentrations ranged from several ppbv to nearly 180 ppbv in the summer and over 400 ppbv in the fall.The occurrence of high NOx concentrations under calm conditions indicated that local emissions were dominant in Xianghe.The double-peak diurnal pattern found in NOxconcentrations and NO/NOx ratios was probably shaped by local emissions,photochemical removal,and dilution resulting from diurnal variations of surface wind speed and the boundary layer height.A pronounced SO2 daytime peak was noted and attributed to downward mixing from an SO2-rich layer above,while the SO2-polluted air mass transported from possible emission sources,which differed between the non-heating(September and October) and heating(November) periods,was thought to be responsible for night-time high concentrations.

微量呼气氢测定仪测定口-盲通过时间的护理

口-盲通过时间是指口服标记性药物至盲肠的时间,主要反映小肠动力状况,临床用于诊断肠胃道运动障碍。[1]乳果糖氢气呼吸试验是最常用的方法。既往由于气体样品的采集需要特殊气袋,测定需要大型特殊仪器,实验只能靠专业技术人员才能完成。近年,随着手提微量呼气氢测定仪的问世,使样品采集和测定能够即时完成,护士经过简单培训即能够完成操作,我科自1998年引进英国Mircomtdical公司生产的仪器,现将操作及护理体会报告如下。

Firework Induced Large Increase in Trace Gases and Black Carbon at Dibrugarh, India

Religious, occasional and annual fire work festivals worldwide are found to introduce high concentrations of pollutant gases and particulate matter into the atmosphere. These in turn alters the air quality of a region in the short and long time scales and affect human health adversely. The effect of fireworks on short-term variation in air quality of an urban location Dibrugarh, set amidst the rural environment of north-east India, was assessed from the ambient concentrations of 03, SO2, NOx, CO and BC （black carbon） during the Diwali festival during Nov. 13-14, 2012. The firework activity in general peaks during evening to midnight hours. Substantial increase in concentrations of O3, SO2, NOx, CO and BC was observed during the peak hours of firework activity （16：00 h to 22：00 h） in the Day 1 and Day 2 of the Diwali festival. However, the increase in concentrations from the background level was found to be highest on the post-Diwali day due to their accumulation in the atmosphere. The firework activity has not affected the regular diurnal pattern of the measured species during this episode.

Microbial Biomass Carbon Trends in Black and Red Soils Under Single Straw Application: Effect of Straw Placement, Mineral N Addition and Tillage

Quantifying trends in soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) undercontrasting management conditions is important in understanding thedynamics of soil organic matter (SOM) in soils and in ensuring theirsustainable use. Against such a background, a 60-day greenhousesimulation experiment was carried out to study the effects of strawplacement, mineral N source, and tillage on SMBC dynamics in twocontrasting soils, red sol (Ferrasol) and black soil (Acrisol). Thetreatments included straw addition + buried (T1); straw addition +mineral N (T2); and straw addition + tillage (T3).

Mechanism of gas-water flow at pore-level in aquifer gas storage

By means of the pore-level simulation, the characteristics of gas-water flow and gas-water distribution during the alternative displacement of gas and water were observed directly from etched-glass micromodel. The results show that gas-water distribution styles are divided into continuous phase type and separate phase type. The water lock exists in pore and throat during the process of gas-water displacement, and it reduces the gas flow-rate and has some effects on the recovery efficiency during the operation of gas storage. According to the experimental results of aquifer gas storage in X area, the differences in available extent among reservoirs are significant, and the availability of pore space is 33% 45%.

Spatial and temporal variations of Synechococcus and picoeukaryotes in the Taiwan Strait,China

The size-fractionated phytoplankton biomass, and the spatial and temporal variations in abundance of Synechococcus (SYN) and picoeukaryotes (PEUK) were measured in the Taiwan Strait during three cruises (August 1997, February-March 1998, and August 1998). The results show that picophytoplankton and nanophytoplankton dominate the phytoplankton biomass, in average of 38% and 40%, respectively. SYN and PEUK varied over time in abundance and carbon biomass, greater in summer than in winter, in range of (7.70–209.2)×106 and (0.75–15.4)×106 cells/cm2 in the abundance, and 1.93–52.3 and 1.57–32.4 μgC/cm2 in the carbon biomass, for SYN and PEUK, respectively. The horizontal distributions of both groups were diurnal but heterogeneous in abundance, depending on the groups and layer of depths. Temperature is the key controlling factor for picophytoplankton distribution (especially in winter) in the Strait.

Studies on the Influence of Third Component on Gas-Liquid Mass Transfer

The influence of the third component on gas-liquid mass transfer was studied by use of laser holographic interferometry. Four surfactants were added respectively and experimental results show that the microamount of surfactants can change obviously the concentration near the interface on bubble mass transfer process, which indicated that the third component has a significant effect on the bubble mass transfer process.

胶囊微量法^(14)C—尿素呼气试验诊断儿童幽门螺杆菌感染

目的:探讨胶囊微量法^(14)C-尿素呼气试验(^(14)C-UBT)用于诊断幽门螺杆菌感染及评价疗效中的应用。方法:将92例有反复腹痛患儿进行三种方法检验HP,其中病理组织学切片、HM—CAP检测、快速尿素酶检测三种方法中二项阳性认为有HP感染,同时作胶囊微量法^(14)C-尿素呼气试验,并将二者均为阳性55例反复腹痛患儿随机分为治疗组(27例)和安慰组(28例),接受雷尼替丁、胶体次枸橼酸铋、呋喃唑酮三联治疗,疗程四周,停药四周后随访。结果:92例反复腹痛患儿HP感染率为63.04％,胶囊微量法^(14)C-UBT检测HP阳性率为61.96％,其敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值均在90～100％之间,三联治疗后治疗组与安慰组腹痛治疗总有效率分别为93.6％和21.4%,HP转阴率分别为85.2％和7％,两组差异有显著性。结论:^(14)C-UBT具有方法简单,准确性高,无损伤、污染小等优点,适用于儿童HP感染诊断及治疗的疗效判定。三联治疗反复腹痛儿童HP感染临床效果好,HP根除率高,值得在临床推广应用。

A Study of Soil-dynamics Based on a Simulated Drought in an Alpine Meadow on the Tibetan Plateau

Extreme weather events have played an important role in driving the ecosystem dynamics in high altitude areas, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. To understand if and how the soil processes of an ecosystem react to extreme drought, we manipulated a once-in-a-century meteorological extreme drought in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau, which is also known as the ＂forerunner of global weather changes＂. The extremity was determined by statistical extreme weather events with respect to a historical reference period from April to September during 1962 - 2004, where the local historical precipitation data was calculated and intensified to loo-year recurrent drought event with Gumbel I distribution. The indicators we measured included soil microbial biomass C/N/P and soil enzymatic activities of phosphatase （AP） disbounding organic phosphate, cellobiohydrolase （CBH）, β- glucocidase （BG）, N-releasing enzyme N-acetyl- glucosaminidase （NAG） as well as soil respirations, during and after the treatments. It was found that the manipulated event induced a rapid shift in microbial biomass and activities, indicating a lower resistance of the underground process. However, the microbial and biochemical parameters saw rapid recovery after the event, which meant the soil processes enjoyed high resilience. The high responsiveness and lag-time effects of the soil indicators rendered new horizons for us to evaluate the interaction between the extremes and the ecosystem stability. Our study indicated that the once-in-a-century extreme drought induced very short term response in the soil biotic process, and the soil processes worked to buffer against such events under the observation period.

Effect of carbon on microstructure of CrAlC_xN_(1-x) coatings by hybrid coating system

A systematic investigation of the microstructure of CrA1CxN1-x coatings as a function of carbon contents was conducted. Quaternary CrA1CxN1-x coatings were deposited on Si wafers by a hybrid coating system combining an arc-ion plating technique and a DC reactive magnetron sputtering technique using Cr and AI targets in the Ar/N2/CH4 gaseous mixture. The effect of carbon content on microstructure of CrA1C^N~ x coatings was investigated with instrumental analyses of X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The results show that the carbon content of CrA1CxN1-x coatings linearly increases with increasing CH4/（CH4/N2） gas flow rate ratio. The surface roughness of the CrA1CxN1-x coating layer decreases with the increase of carbon content.