周公《酒诰》：“慎酒立教”与“作稽中德”--酒在上古中国如何被赋予礼法属性与德教功能

周公在《酒诰》中把酒德与孝道密切捆绑在一起,要求康叔引导民众勤劳耕作、奉酒事亲、敬长尊老。酒在中国文化史上第一次被嵌入到血缘结构中加以确证,第一次被赋予伦理功能。周公设"断酒之教",对饮酒行为作了教化、国法化、意识形态化处理,以诱发人欲本能中的善性。周公借酒而确立起以德化民、以礼节用的基本原则,使人成德尽性,为周室做了一篇社会治理的时代大文。周公赋予酒以仁道价值和礼乐含义,注重在限制与释放之间寻求合理的张力,保持适当弹性,强调发挥人的主体自觉,利用酒而不沉溺其中伤身误事。敬酒事神,而饮酒只是馈祀的一个附带环节。祭祀之后的燕饮也被赋予了人伦纲常性质和意义。

Discussion on the Modern Moral Education Function of the Traditional ＂Five Human Relationships＂

Chinese culture puts much emphasis upon ethics, by which people are bound to pay respect to their superiors, fathers or husbands, hence a realization of social harmony and the utmost of the moral unification of heavens and human beings. The story as a means of significance in transmission of traditional culture explains vividly the connotation of traditional morals and plays a role of importance in moral education of ancient times as well. This thesis shall analyze the essence of moral ideas in those stories, through which to be aware of and taste the ethical tenderness in traditional moralities, thus a perfection of the application of traditional stories to modern moral education.