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《超越自然与文化》与西方人类学本体论研究 被引量:1
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作者 武宁 《原生态民族文化学刊》 CSSCI 2019年第3期64-69,共6页
《超越自然与文化》是西方人类学界近年来最有影响力的理论著作之一。作者德斯科拉以民族志材料为基础,借助认知科学、结构分析、现象学相关理论,形成了“四种本体论类型”——即泛灵论、图腾崇拜、类比思维、自然主义的理论框架,为我... 《超越自然与文化》是西方人类学界近年来最有影响力的理论著作之一。作者德斯科拉以民族志材料为基础,借助认知科学、结构分析、现象学相关理论,形成了“四种本体论类型”——即泛灵论、图腾崇拜、类比思维、自然主义的理论框架,为我们理解人与自然的不同关系找到了新的途径。通过对该书的评论及反思,并在此基础上对人类学本体论研究关注的焦点及遭遇的困境进行论述。 展开更多
关键词 《超越自然与文化》 人类学本体论 德斯科拉
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Philosophy of Mathematics: Naturalism vs. Category Theory
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作者 Milan Tasic 《Journal of Philosophy Study》 2013年第10期929-944,共16页
Although E Maddy (1997) says on naturalism: "This is not, in itself, a philosophy of mathematics [...]" (161), already by its name, or by those whose interest has called on it (Quine, Putnam et al.) ... it an... Although E Maddy (1997) says on naturalism: "This is not, in itself, a philosophy of mathematics [...]" (161), already by its name, or by those whose interest has called on it (Quine, Putnam et al.) ... it anyhow reveals desire to be it. Insofar as otherwise, the semantic potential of the word leaves far behind it (after all scarce) results it achieved from the relation of an exact (mathematical) expression and (overly rich) intuitive reality of Being. We plead here already from the perspective of the slogan "One and All" of the first philosopher: Tales, when by the number (which one forebodes) one could go to such an extent into areas of reality (Pythagoras), or when (especially in the human sphere) is being over again actual final cause of Aristotle the philosophy and the mathematics to accomplish far more fruitful encounter with the Being. Alain Badiou (1988) has already pointed that: "Mathematics is ontology," and the category theory in mathematics, having covered by itself other fields of this science, continues to find applications in a series of"non-traditional" domains of reality. In that correlation the philosophy can express its (primary) needs for truth, justice, beauty, ... as well as for the overall development in the sense of purpose--also because of an undreamed power of the technological development (of hardwares and softwares) today. Namely, the naturalism in mathematics, which developed an abundant reflection on the place (importance of) the mathematical idiom in sciences--in the balance of criticism--has come rather to meager provisions, such as: "preestablished harmony of thinking," "ontic commitment," (Quine 1960) "the hygiene of mind," (Maddy 1996) "success argument," (Putnam 1975) "pragmatic argument," (Resnik 1981) etc., which only are few places from the encounter of an exact expression such as is mathematical one and the reality of natuural sciences. Instead of philosophy of mathematics to radicalize its claims from the perspective of that (powerful) mathematical idiom and the excessive reality of Being and man's place in it--this time, in the spirit of biocosmology (neo-Aristotelism). 展开更多
关键词 NATURALISM indispensability argument ontology MATHEMATICS CATEGORY final cause biocosmology
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