目的探讨心内/心外管道全腔静脉-肺动脉连接手术的外科治疗经验。方法回顾性分析2008年1月至2015年12月47例复杂先天性心脏病患者的临床资料。其中男29例、女18例,年龄7(4~9)岁;体质量22(14~38)kg。经心脏超声心动图及心脏造影明确诊断...目的探讨心内/心外管道全腔静脉-肺动脉连接手术的外科治疗经验。方法回顾性分析2008年1月至2015年12月47例复杂先天性心脏病患者的临床资料。其中男29例、女18例,年龄7(4~9)岁;体质量22(14~38)kg。经心脏超声心动图及心脏造影明确诊断,需行全腔静脉-肺动脉连接手术(TCPC)手术。结果全组无早期死亡。术后平均肺动脉压16(12~20)mm Hg,呼吸机辅助通气时间14(7~97)h。主要并发症为顽固性胸腔渗出7例、低心排血量综合征3例、反复室上性心动过速1例,经治疗后均好转。出院前末梢经皮血氧饱和度85%~96%(92.6%±3.3%),心脏彩超显示人工血管血流通畅,压差为0~2 mm Hg。患者随访1~7年,失访3例,1例肠道营养丢失、反复胸膜腔积液,治疗无效,术后4年死亡;4例反复胸腔积液经治疗后好转;1例术后发生室上性心动过速者,术后1年内反复发作,长期服用可达龙,目前已经停药28个月,未复发。生存患者心功能Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,活动耐量良好。结论改良的心内/心外管道TCPC兼容了心内隧道、心外管道TCPC两者的优点,手术操作简便,用于复杂先天性心脏病的生理性矫治,近期、中期治疗效果满意。展开更多
Hypertension is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity around the world and,prevalence of hypertension is increasing with aging.Hypertension in the elderly is associated with increased occurrence rates of sodium s...Hypertension is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity around the world and,prevalence of hypertension is increasing with aging.Hypertension in the elderly is associated with increased occurrence rates of sodium sensitivity,isolated systolic hypertension,and ＇white coat effect＇.Arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction also increase with age.These factors should be considered in selecting antihypertensive therapy.The prime objective of this therapy is to prevent stroke.The fmdings of controlled trials show that there should be no cut-off age for treatment.A holistic program for controlling cardiovascular risks should be fully discussed with the patient,including evaluation to exclude underlying causes of secondary hypertension,and implementation of lifestyle measures.The choice of antihypertensive drug therapy is influenced by concomitant disease and previous medication history,but will typically include a thiazide diuretic as the first-line agent;to this will be added an angiotensin inhibitor and/or a calcium channel blocker.Beta blockers are not generally recommended,in part because they do not combat the effects of increased arterial stiffness.The hypertension-hypoten-sion syndrome requires case-specific management.Drug-resistant hypertension is important to differentiate from faulty compliance with medication.Patients resistant to the third-line drug therapy may benefit from treatment with extended-release isosorbide mononitrate.A trial of spironolactone may also be worthwhile.展开更多
文摘目的探讨心内/心外管道全腔静脉-肺动脉连接手术的外科治疗经验。方法回顾性分析2008年1月至2015年12月47例复杂先天性心脏病患者的临床资料。其中男29例、女18例,年龄7(4~9)岁;体质量22(14~38)kg。经心脏超声心动图及心脏造影明确诊断,需行全腔静脉-肺动脉连接手术(TCPC)手术。结果全组无早期死亡。术后平均肺动脉压16(12~20)mm Hg,呼吸机辅助通气时间14(7~97)h。主要并发症为顽固性胸腔渗出7例、低心排血量综合征3例、反复室上性心动过速1例,经治疗后均好转。出院前末梢经皮血氧饱和度85%~96%(92.6%±3.3%),心脏彩超显示人工血管血流通畅,压差为0~2 mm Hg。患者随访1~7年,失访3例,1例肠道营养丢失、反复胸膜腔积液,治疗无效,术后4年死亡;4例反复胸腔积液经治疗后好转;1例术后发生室上性心动过速者,术后1年内反复发作,长期服用可达龙,目前已经停药28个月,未复发。生存患者心功能Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,活动耐量良好。结论改良的心内/心外管道TCPC兼容了心内隧道、心外管道TCPC两者的优点,手术操作简便,用于复杂先天性心脏病的生理性矫治,近期、中期治疗效果满意。
文摘Hypertension is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity around the world and,prevalence of hypertension is increasing with aging.Hypertension in the elderly is associated with increased occurrence rates of sodium sensitivity,isolated systolic hypertension,and ＇white coat effect＇.Arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction also increase with age.These factors should be considered in selecting antihypertensive therapy.The prime objective of this therapy is to prevent stroke.The fmdings of controlled trials show that there should be no cut-off age for treatment.A holistic program for controlling cardiovascular risks should be fully discussed with the patient,including evaluation to exclude underlying causes of secondary hypertension,and implementation of lifestyle measures.The choice of antihypertensive drug therapy is influenced by concomitant disease and previous medication history,but will typically include a thiazide diuretic as the first-line agent;to this will be added an angiotensin inhibitor and/or a calcium channel blocker.Beta blockers are not generally recommended,in part because they do not combat the effects of increased arterial stiffness.The hypertension-hypoten-sion syndrome requires case-specific management.Drug-resistant hypertension is important to differentiate from faulty compliance with medication.Patients resistant to the third-line drug therapy may benefit from treatment with extended-release isosorbide mononitrate.A trial of spironolactone may also be worthwhile.
