This paper attempts to analyze Blanche＇s psyche in relation to her employing defense mechanism to restore her mental health and herself in A Streetcar Named Desire （1947） by the American playwright Tennessee Willia...This paper attempts to analyze Blanche＇s psyche in relation to her employing defense mechanism to restore her mental health and herself in A Streetcar Named Desire （1947） by the American playwright Tennessee Williams. It focuses on her replacing reality with fantastic embodiments or illusion. She has taken unacceptable impulses into acceptable forms by unconsciously blocking the impulses such as superego and thereby reducing agony for the earlier traumatic experiences left indelible marks on her mind, and anxiety for survival. Her anxiety becomes too overwhelming that her ego urgently employs defense mechanisms to protect her. With her new hopes and dreams she desires to replace the highly stressful loss. Under mental and social stress, her illusion and her falsification of reality nevertheless became unable to overcome recurring trauma-causing situation in reality and her healing process thereby leaving her on the verge of extinction.展开更多
Purpose: This 2-year follow-up study aimed to examine the associations between total volume, frequency, duration, and speed of walking with subsequent sleep difficulty in older adults.Methods: A total of 800 older adu...Purpose: This 2-year follow-up study aimed to examine the associations between total volume, frequency, duration, and speed of walking with subsequent sleep difficulty in older adults.Methods: A total of 800 older adults aged 65 years and over participated in the first survey in 2012 and 511 of them were followed 2 years later.The 5-item Athens Insomnia Scale(AIS-5) was used to measure sleep difficulty. Frequency, duration, and speed of outdoor walking were self-reported. Walking speed was assigned a metabolic equivalent value(MET) from 2.5 to 4.5. Total walking volume in MET-h/week was calculated as frequency × duration × speed. Negative binomial regressions were performed to examine the associations between volume and components of walking with subsequent sleep difficulty with covariates of age, sex, education, marital status, living arrangement, smoking, alcohol consumption, mental health, Charlson Index, exercise(excluding walking), and sleep difficulty at baseline.Results: Participants with low walking volume had a higher level of sleep difficulty 2 years later compared with those with high walking volume(incident rate ratios = 1.61, p = 0.004). When speed, frequency, and duration of walking were simultaneously entered into 1 model, only walking speed was significantly associated with subsequent sleep difficulty(after the model was adjusted for covariates and baseline sleep difficulty).Sensitivity analyses showed that walking duration emerged as a significant predictor among 3 walking parameters, with 2-year changes of sleep scores as dependent variable.Conclusion: Total amount of walking(especially faster walking and lasting for more than 20 min) is associated with less subsequent sleep difficulty after 2 years among older adults.展开更多
This paper investigates the impact of climate change on human health in Nigeria. The paper relies on secondary data, sourced from journals, government documents and private individuals. From these sources the paper di...This paper investigates the impact of climate change on human health in Nigeria. The paper relies on secondary data, sourced from journals, government documents and private individuals. From these sources the paper discovered that climate change poses a wide range of health risks to human health which include direct effects on human health resulting from increase in temperature and amplified air pollution that increase in temperature needs high incidence of vector-borne diseases such as malaria, dysentery and cholera among others. Climate change also leads to rising sea levels which contaminates coastal fresh water and makes low-lying areas vulnerable to flooding. Flooding results in frequent incidences of malaria, cholera, typhoid to mention but few. It also leads to the displacement of people and resource conflicts, e.g., land and water, and post-disaster mental health problem. Finally the paper suggests that after flooding, affected settlements should be fumigated before people pack tack in order to reduce the incidences of cholera, malaria and dysentery among others, and that to reduce the discharge of carbon into the atmosphere alternative source of energy to fuel wood, must be put in place by the government.展开更多
文摘This paper attempts to analyze Blanche＇s psyche in relation to her employing defense mechanism to restore her mental health and herself in A Streetcar Named Desire （1947） by the American playwright Tennessee Williams. It focuses on her replacing reality with fantastic embodiments or illusion. She has taken unacceptable impulses into acceptable forms by unconsciously blocking the impulses such as superego and thereby reducing agony for the earlier traumatic experiences left indelible marks on her mind, and anxiety for survival. Her anxiety becomes too overwhelming that her ego urgently employs defense mechanisms to protect her. With her new hopes and dreams she desires to replace the highly stressful loss. Under mental and social stress, her illusion and her falsification of reality nevertheless became unable to overcome recurring trauma-causing situation in reality and her healing process thereby leaving her on the verge of extinction.
文摘Purpose: This 2-year follow-up study aimed to examine the associations between total volume, frequency, duration, and speed of walking with subsequent sleep difficulty in older adults.Methods: A total of 800 older adults aged 65 years and over participated in the first survey in 2012 and 511 of them were followed 2 years later.The 5-item Athens Insomnia Scale(AIS-5) was used to measure sleep difficulty. Frequency, duration, and speed of outdoor walking were self-reported. Walking speed was assigned a metabolic equivalent value(MET) from 2.5 to 4.5. Total walking volume in MET-h/week was calculated as frequency × duration × speed. Negative binomial regressions were performed to examine the associations between volume and components of walking with subsequent sleep difficulty with covariates of age, sex, education, marital status, living arrangement, smoking, alcohol consumption, mental health, Charlson Index, exercise(excluding walking), and sleep difficulty at baseline.Results: Participants with low walking volume had a higher level of sleep difficulty 2 years later compared with those with high walking volume(incident rate ratios = 1.61, p = 0.004). When speed, frequency, and duration of walking were simultaneously entered into 1 model, only walking speed was significantly associated with subsequent sleep difficulty(after the model was adjusted for covariates and baseline sleep difficulty).Sensitivity analyses showed that walking duration emerged as a significant predictor among 3 walking parameters, with 2-year changes of sleep scores as dependent variable.Conclusion: Total amount of walking(especially faster walking and lasting for more than 20 min) is associated with less subsequent sleep difficulty after 2 years among older adults.
文摘This paper investigates the impact of climate change on human health in Nigeria. The paper relies on secondary data, sourced from journals, government documents and private individuals. From these sources the paper discovered that climate change poses a wide range of health risks to human health which include direct effects on human health resulting from increase in temperature and amplified air pollution that increase in temperature needs high incidence of vector-borne diseases such as malaria, dysentery and cholera among others. Climate change also leads to rising sea levels which contaminates coastal fresh water and makes low-lying areas vulnerable to flooding. Flooding results in frequent incidences of malaria, cholera, typhoid to mention but few. It also leads to the displacement of people and resource conflicts, e.g., land and water, and post-disaster mental health problem. Finally the paper suggests that after flooding, affected settlements should be fumigated before people pack tack in order to reduce the incidences of cholera, malaria and dysentery among others, and that to reduce the discharge of carbon into the atmosphere alternative source of energy to fuel wood, must be put in place by the government.
