灾难作为创伤性的事件，往往与日常的认知结构相冲突，超过了个体的心理应对水平。因此，灾难中的个体常常会并发一系列的心理学反应，并可能继发各种精神疾患，尤其是创伤相关精神障碍，如急性应激障碍和创伤后应激障碍。本文作者从灾...灾难作为创伤性的事件，往往与日常的认知结构相冲突，超过了个体的心理应对水平。因此，灾难中的个体常常会并发一系列的心理学反应，并可能继发各种精神疾患，尤其是创伤相关精神障碍，如急性应激障碍和创伤后应激障碍。本文作者从灾难急救医学的视角，对2008年发生在我国的“5·12”汶川地震的两个心理学研究进行了总结。结果显示，在“5·12”汶川地震发生后超过一半的个体存在焦虑一警觉性增高症状，12．59％的灾区群众在地震发生后一月内发生急性应激障碍。地震后5个月，采用复合性国际诊断问卷（Comprehensive International diagnostic Interview, CIDI）对灾区群众的的调查结果显示，有21．29％的灾区成人和10．21％的青少年学生存在创伤后应激障碍。“5．12”汶川地震对灾区群众的心理已造成严重的心理影响，作为灾难急救医学的相关人员应充分认识到灾难急救中的相关心理学问题。同时结果提示，长期的心理卫生服务应该成为四川地震重建规划中重要的内容之一。展开更多
About 50% of patients with hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection complain of neuropsychiatric symptoms,"brain fog",weakness,fatigue,and exhibit some degree of quality of life impairment,irrespective of the severit...About 50% of patients with hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection complain of neuropsychiatric symptoms,"brain fog",weakness,fatigue,and exhibit some degree of quality of life impairment,irrespective of the severity of liver disease.Since the first observation of HCV-related cognitive deficits,10 studies have been published that have evaluated neuropsychiatric performance in patients with HCV infection and different degrees of hepatic impairment.Unfortunately,these have often included patients with cirrhosis,patients who had acquired the infection through previous intravenous drug misuse,who had a history of relatively recent treatment with interferon,or were on psychoactive medication.In addition,different neuropsychological batteries and tests that explored different cognitive domains were used,which makes the results of the studies difficult to compare.Finally,limited information is available on the pathogenesis of HCV-related cognitive impairment.Cerebral and/or systemic inflammation may be important players but their potential role has not been substantiated by experimental data.The present review outlines the available evidence of the presence of cognitive impairment in patients with HCV infection,with a focus on the potential relationship with cerebral and/or systemic inflammation.展开更多
Foreign language learning is hard work while the study on it is a complicated system engineering. It touches not only the problems of linguistics but those of sociology and culture as well. What is involved is not onl...Foreign language learning is hard work while the study on it is a complicated system engineering. It touches not only the problems of linguistics but those of sociology and culture as well. What is involved is not only the foreign language itself but also the emotional elements. Also it covers the macro plan and strategy along with concrete steps and skills. As the foreign language learners, they must undergo kinds of and series of psychological response. There must be a lot of difficulty, problems, even conflicts in the process of learning. Only when they correctly handle the contradictions, coordinate the relationship, make good use of the positive elements and abandon the negative ones, they will get the best result.展开更多
文摘灾难作为创伤性的事件，往往与日常的认知结构相冲突，超过了个体的心理应对水平。因此，灾难中的个体常常会并发一系列的心理学反应，并可能继发各种精神疾患，尤其是创伤相关精神障碍，如急性应激障碍和创伤后应激障碍。本文作者从灾难急救医学的视角，对2008年发生在我国的“5·12”汶川地震的两个心理学研究进行了总结。结果显示，在“5·12”汶川地震发生后超过一半的个体存在焦虑一警觉性增高症状，12．59％的灾区群众在地震发生后一月内发生急性应激障碍。地震后5个月，采用复合性国际诊断问卷（Comprehensive International diagnostic Interview, CIDI）对灾区群众的的调查结果显示，有21．29％的灾区成人和10．21％的青少年学生存在创伤后应激障碍。“5．12”汶川地震对灾区群众的心理已造成严重的心理影响，作为灾难急救医学的相关人员应充分认识到灾难急救中的相关心理学问题。同时结果提示，长期的心理卫生服务应该成为四川地震重建规划中重要的内容之一。
文摘About 50% of patients with hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection complain of neuropsychiatric symptoms,"brain fog",weakness,fatigue,and exhibit some degree of quality of life impairment,irrespective of the severity of liver disease.Since the first observation of HCV-related cognitive deficits,10 studies have been published that have evaluated neuropsychiatric performance in patients with HCV infection and different degrees of hepatic impairment.Unfortunately,these have often included patients with cirrhosis,patients who had acquired the infection through previous intravenous drug misuse,who had a history of relatively recent treatment with interferon,or were on psychoactive medication.In addition,different neuropsychological batteries and tests that explored different cognitive domains were used,which makes the results of the studies difficult to compare.Finally,limited information is available on the pathogenesis of HCV-related cognitive impairment.Cerebral and/or systemic inflammation may be important players but their potential role has not been substantiated by experimental data.The present review outlines the available evidence of the presence of cognitive impairment in patients with HCV infection,with a focus on the potential relationship with cerebral and/or systemic inflammation.
文摘Foreign language learning is hard work while the study on it is a complicated system engineering. It touches not only the problems of linguistics but those of sociology and culture as well. What is involved is not only the foreign language itself but also the emotional elements. Also it covers the macro plan and strategy along with concrete steps and skills. As the foreign language learners, they must undergo kinds of and series of psychological response. There must be a lot of difficulty, problems, even conflicts in the process of learning. Only when they correctly handle the contradictions, coordinate the relationship, make good use of the positive elements and abandon the negative ones, they will get the best result.
