“遥远”的记忆与当下的关怀——《遥远的祖父》面面观

小说集《遥远的祖父》,收入了学者作家汤吉夫先生上至20世纪80年代,下至本世纪初的许多重要作品。在这些题材不同、风格迥异的作品中,我们可以清楚地看到汤先生这些年来在小说创作道路上孜孜不倦的辛勤探索。汤氏小说的最大特点,就是其人格特征已成为其文本构成的一部分了。汤氏小说的立足点,是来自一个独立知识分子的独立思考,而与那种充当着主流意识形态布道者的所谓"介入生活",是根本对立的。就小说的心理类型而言,汤氏小说无疑是属于荣格所说的"心理学式"的。阅读汤先生的小说,我们会每时每刻都感受到那种极为强烈的人文关怀。

Framework of Pattern Recognition Model Based on the Cognitive Psychology

According to the fundamental theory of visual cognition mechanism and cognitive psychology,the visual pattern recognition model is introduced briefly.Three pattern recognition models,i.e.template_based matching model,prototype_based matching model and feature_based matching model are built and discussed separately.In addition,the influence of object background information and visual focus point to the result of pattern recognition is also discussed with the example of recognition for fuzzy letters and figures

Insight of schema theory into interpretation practice

Schema is an important concept in cognitive psychology, referring to how different types of information are connected in our brain, and the process of activating stored information. In view of modern schema theory, this paper focuses on its application in the three stages of interpretation practice. Schema plays a role in preparation before interpretation, which includes enhancing the interpreter＇s linguistic competence, and enlarging his storage of background information; schema influences performance during interpretation in terms of comprehension and note-taking; summary after interpretation is to supplement original schema. With the guidance of schema theory, interpretation practice can be carried out in an effective way.

Stress and coping styles among nursing students during the initial period of the clinical practicum:A cross-section study

Objectives:This study aimed to explore the level of stress,types of stressors,type of coping styles,and factors influencing stress levels and coping styles among nursing students during the initial period of the clinical practicum.Methods:A cross-sectional survey design was used.In September 2017,participants were recruited from a tertiary hospital in Zhejiang Province,China,using a convenience sampling method.A demographic characteristics questionnaire,the Intern Nursing Student Stressor Scale,and the Simple Coping Style Questionnaire were used to collect data.Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis,independent sample t-tests,one-way analysis of variance,Pearson’s correlation analysis,and multiple linear regres-sion analysis.Results:A total of 158 nursing students were recruited,most of whom were female,undergraduates,and from rural areas.The nursing students perceived a moderate level of stress during the initial period of the clinical practicum.The need for knowledge and skills was the most common source of stress.Positive coping styles were most commonly adopted.Nursing students who were undergraduates,only children,and chose nursing major involuntarily experienced higher stress levels than those who were junior college students,not only children,and chose nursing major voluntarily.Nursing undergraduates were more likely to use positive coping styles than junior college students.Male nursing students and those experiencing higher stress levels related to the“environment and equipment of the wards”and the“nature and content of the work”were more likely to use negative coping styles.Conclusion:Nursing educators should offer targeted guidance based on the stress reported during the clinical practicum and the demographic characteristics of the nursing students.Guidance should be provided to encourage nursing students to adopt effective coping strategies and reduce stress.

How to Apply Humanistic Psychology to Establish an Effective Emotional Class Climate in China

To enhance students＇ all-around development and personal potential is the main purpose that teachers want to obtain in their teachings. The author believes that it can be achieved only in a relaxed and safe class atmosphere. The article introduces the humanistic psychology and illustrates how to apply humanistic psychology to the foreign language class and establish an effective emotional class climate in China.

Analysis of the Story-Line Behind Selected Hausa Proverbs

Proverbs which are short witty traditional oral expressions handed down from generation to generation as a common heritage is also believed to be true expressions of the Hausa people＇s philosophy. This philosophy is clad in different ways by the people as they are continuously at work to give meanings to their creative activities. Proverbs are one of the most relevant expressions of human wisdom and knowledge of nature, psychology, and reality for the Hausa people of Northern Nigeria; however, the images that are presented in the proverbs are culturally defined and they may differ from place to place, as well as from generation to generation. Proverbs are capable of a variety of meanings, according to how and when they are used. These findings have revealed that many popular and interesting Hausa proverbs tell a condensed story; these stories give vivid illustrations which help the hearer understand the proverbs. In this paper, the author attempts a deep intellectual analysis into the story-lines behind the emergence of some selected Hausa proverbs, with a view to comprehending and propagating embedded ideas and cultural principles or philosophies that may be relevant for contemporary social usage.

Paradigm Shifts in Translation Studies： Focus on Linguistic, Cultural, Social and Psychological Turns

Translation has been the subject of a variety of research and conflicts among theorists. This fact that gives Thomas Samuel Kuhn＇s paradigm theory is pertinent to the present study. Kuhn is an American philosopher of Science. In his book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, he proposes his paradigm theory which plays a great role in the development of sociology and philosophy of Science. According to Kuhn （1970）, paradigm originates from one or some famous people＇s achievements, and for these achievements to be considered as paradigms, two major characteristics must be met as will be clarified in this paper. This study is an attempt to outline the scope of the disciplines of Translation Studies （TS）, to give some indication of the kind of work that has been done so far. It is an attempt to demonstrate that TS is a discipline in its own right. It is a vastly complex field with many far-reaching ramifications. This study discusses the relationships between the changing definitions of translation and the turns of translation studies.

Discussion of the mode of the management in the college students from the perspective of the counselors - the psychological contract

In the colleges and universities, the relationship between the instructors and the students is very close. The counselors carry out the scientific and reasonable management on the life and learning of the students, and the students meet with the problems in their life and learning and exchange and communicate timely with the counselors, which is the process to realize the functions of the counselors. Then the management of the instructors built on the psychological contract is the more perfect, comprehensive, and scientific management mode. This kind of the management mode is not only very conducive to the development of the students, but also conducive to the interaction and communication between the counselors and the students. In a relaxed and harmonious atmosphere, the student＇s development will be more healthy and positive. This paper elaborates and analyzes several aspects in view of the management of the psychological contract of the university counselors.

Reality of evidence-based practice in palliative care

There has been a paradigm shift in medicine away from tradition, anecdote and theoretical reasoning from the basic sciences towards evidence-based medicine(EBM). In palliative care however, statistically significant benefits may be marginal and may not be related to clinical meaningfulness. The typical treatment vs. placebo comparison necessitated by ‘gold standard' randomised controlled trials(RCTs) is not necessarily applicable. The complex multimorbidity of end of life care involves considerations of the patient's physical, psychological, social and spiritual needs. In addition, the field of palliative care covers a heterogeneous group of chronic and incurable diseases no longer limited to cancer. Adequate sample sizes can be difficult to achieve, reducing the power of studies and high attrition rates can result in inadequate follow up periods. This review uses examples of the management of cancer-related fatigue and death rattle(noisy breathing) to demonstrate the current state of EBM in palliative care. The future of EBM in palliative care needs to be as diverse as the patients who ultimately derive benefit. Non-RCT methodologies of equivalent quality, validity and size conducted by collaborative research networks using a ‘mixed methods approach' are likely to pose the correct clinical questions and derive evidencebased yet clinically relevant outcomes.

THE PSYCHOLINGUISTIC SCHEMA THEORY AND ESL READING METHODOLOGY

Schema theory research has shown importance of background knowledge within a psycholinguistic model of reading. This paper gives an overview of schema theory as part of a reader-centered, psycholinguistic processing model of EFL/ESL reading, in which we discuss how reading comprehension involves background knowledge that goes far beyond linguistic knowledge. The process of interpretation is realized by the employment of two basic modes of information processing, bottom-up and top-down processing. Then, a variety of techniques and classroom activities are suggested for accommodating this phenomenon in a reader-centered EFL/ESL reading program.

论走出“内省”,踏上“行动”跑道的体验派表演

“内省式”体验与崇尚“冥想”、“感觉”、“意念”的唯灵论学派和心理动力学派有着共通之处,而“行动式”体验又与崇尚严谨、实证、逻辑的行为心理学一脉相承。体验派表演内部的“内省式”与“行动式“之争,正暗合了心理学内部的唯灵/意念与唯物/实证的分歧。纠正“内省式”体验、提倡“行动式”体验,是以“行动”为媒介,以“行动”为跑道,在“行动”中不知不觉地升华到精神与思想的层面。它的最终目的,不但不是为了抛弃情感与内心,反而是为了使演员达到更自然、更深刻、更完整的体验。

A SOCIAL PERSPECTIVE ON SECOND LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT AND INSTRUCTION

Currently research on developing socio-cultural and linguistic competence simultaneously in the language classroom is gaining increasing attention from EFL practitioners and curriculum designers. This paper contends that albeit second language learning is a complex phenomenon with different variables concerning the psychological factors of the learners and the socio-cultural elements of the contexts, an interactional approach to second language learning can ensure that a social perspective of second language development and instruction contributes to having a positive effect on the nature and quality of language learning, which activates the autonomous learning motivation and creates diversity in the learning atmosphere.