Psychological controversies in gastroparesis: A systematic review

To systematically review literature addressing three key psychologically-oriented controversies associated with gastroparesis.METHODSA comprehensive search of PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases was performed to identify literature addressing the relationship between gastroparesis and psychological factors. Two researchers independently screened all references. Inclusion criteria were: an adult sample of gastroparesis patients, a quantitative methodology, and at least one of the following: (1) evaluation of the prevalence of psychopathology; (2) an outcome measure of anxiety, depression, or quality of life; and (3) evidence of a psychological intervention. Case studies, review articles, and publications in languages other than English were excluded from the current review.RESULTSPrevalence of psychopathology was evaluated by three studies (n = 378), which found that combined anxiety/depression was present in 24% of the gastroparesis cohort, severe anxiety in 12.4%, depression in 21.8%-23%, and somatization in 50%. Level of anxiety and depression was included as an outcome measure in six studies (n = 1408), and while limited research made it difficult to determine the level of anxiety and depression in the cohort, a clear positive relationship with gastroparesis symptom severity was evident. Quality of life was included as an outcome measure in 11 studies (n = 2076), with gastroparesis patients reporting lower quality of life than population norms, and a negative relationship between quality of life and symptom severity. One study assessed the use of a psychological intervention for gastroparesis patients (n = 120) and found that depression and gastric function were improved in patients who received psychological intervention, however the study had considerable methodological limitations.CONCLUSIONGastroparesis is associated with significant psychological distress and poor quality of life. Recommendations for future studies and the development of psychological interventions are provided.

Functional dyspepsia:Are psychosocial factors of relevance?

The pathogenesis of Functional Dyspepsia （FD） remains unclear, appears diverse and is thus inadequately understood. Akin to other functional gastrointestinal disorders, research has demonstrated an association between this common diagnosis and psychosocial factors and psychiatric morbidity. Conceptualising the relevance of these factors within the syndrome of FD requires application of the biopsychosocial model of disease. Using this paradigm, dysregulation of the reciprocal communication between the brain and the gut is central to symptom generation, interpretation and exacerbation. Appreciation and understanding of the neurobiological correlates of various psychological states is also relevant. The view that psychosocial factors exert their influence in FD predominantly through motivation of health care seeking also persists. This appears too one-dimensional an assertion in light of the evidence available supporting a more intdnsic aetiological link. Evolving understanding of pathogenic mechanisms and the heterogeneous nature of the syndrome will facilitate effective management. Co-morbid psychiatric illness warrants treatment with conventional therapies. Acknowledging the relevance of psychosocial variables in FD, the degree of which is subject to vadation, has implications for assessment and management. Available evidence suggests psychological therapies may benefit FD patients particularly those with chronic symptoms. The rationale for use of psychotropic medications in FD is apparent but the evidence base to support the use of antidepressant pharmacotherapy is to date limited.

市场呼唤风格化品牌

人们常常把当今市场上名牌的竞争归结为知名度的竞争和科技含量的较量,但是,目前众多企业在创立名牌、发展名牌时却忽略了另一种对名牌发展有着重大影响的创新概念,即名牌的风格化创意。

Radiofrequency ablation of the connections between two atriums in dogs

Objective:To observetheelectrophysiologicalchangesafterblockageof theconnectionsbetweentwo atriumsin dogs.Methods :Theatrialeffectiverefractoryperiods,itsdispersionsandtheconductivetimesbetween atriumsweremeasuredandcomparedbeforeandaftertheinteratrialblockagein tendogs.Results:The atrial effectiverefractoryperiodsand its dispersionsnonsignificantlychanged,but its conductivetimessignificantly prolonged(P<0.01),P wavedurationin electrocardiogramalsoprolonged(P<0.05).Conclusion:Atrialactivation patterncouldbecomechangeby theblockageof theconnectionsof atriumsand theprolongedP wave duration mightbe regardedas a surrogateto indicatesuccessfulblockage.

The analysis of marketing strategy of fast fashion brand from the success of＂H＆M＂

In recent years, in fashion industry, especially in clothing market industry, the development of fast fashion brands is very rapid, the accounts in clothing market is more and more, which has become art indispensable part in clothing market field. It can be said the fast fashion brand takes a deep shock for whole clothing market, and it has made some clothing brands take introspection about their traditional and old marketing mode. Fast fashion brands just catch the consumer psychology of current consumers （especially young consumers）, a smart of consumers are attracted to buy for its ＂fair price＂ , ＂ high quality＂ , ＂fashion＂ and other characteristics. In this paper, the success case of the most successful ＂H＆M＂ brand is taken as entry point, then the marketing strategy of fast fashion brands is explored and analyzed to find out the ＂magic weapon＂ of fast fashion brands＇ development, and it is provided some reference and suggestions for marketing strategy improvement of traditional clothing brands.

社会、家庭与“宿舍价值”

当前我国经济发展周期面临通货紧缩阶段,消费疲软问题成为社会关注的热点,同时这个问题也与改革进入新阶段后收入分配、就业改革、教育产业化等一系列深层次问题相关。北京石油化工学院作为一个面向全国招生的新兴院校,学生消费状况可以视为社会状况在某一角度上的缩影——

Analysis of the tea packaging design psychologies

The tea packing design occupies the important position in the field of the graphic design. A successful tea packing design can affect the consumers＇ desire to buy. In this article, from the tea packaging colors, forms, shapes and so on, the author discusses the vision, touch, taste and other sensory stimulation, and analyzes the relationship between the constituent elements including the emotional factors and the psychological needs of the consumers, as well as the packaging design.

The link between psychosocial factors and functional dyspepsia: an epidemiological study

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of functional dyspepsia (FD) and the psychological disorders in Chinese population and their relation. METHODS: A total of 1016 apparently healthy people (study population) randomly selected from population were interviewed. A general questionnaire, Zung self-rating depression scales (SDS), and anxiety scales (SAS) were given to each subject. Seventy-two inpatients with confirmed diagnosis of FD, 84 with organic dyspepsia, and 197 with other organic diseases were also studied. RESULTS: Among the study population, 23.5% had FD and 9. 1% had disturbances of depression and/or anxiety. The prevalence of psychological disturbances in FD group (15.5%) differed significantly from that in non-FD group (7.1%, P

纯钢本色 长虹佳华MV208

魔影MP4系列中的MV208是长虹佳华夏季推出的多款新品之一。作为最大卖点的全不锈钢机身,配上2.8寸的超大屏幕、双喇叭立体声的设计和齐全的功能,如同事受微型的家庭影院。