Review on Development and Application of Fabric Electrodes in Electrocardiogram Monitoring Garments

Cardiovascular disease persists as the primary cause of human mortality,significantly impacting healthy life expectancy.The routine electrocardiogram(ECG)stands out as a pivotal noninvasive diagnostic tool for identifying arrhythmias.The evolving landscape of fabric electrodes,specifically designed for the prolonged monitoring of human ECG signals,is the focus of this research.Adhering to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses(PRISMA)statement and assimilating data from 81 pertinent studies sourced from reputable databases,the research conducts a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis on the materials,fabric structures and preparation methods of fabric electrodes in the existing literature.It provides a nuanced assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of diverse textile materials and structures,elucidating their impacts on the stability of biomonitoring signals.Furthermore,the study outlines current developmental constraints and future trajectories for fabric electrodes.These insights could serve as essential guidance for ECG monitoring system designers,aiding them in the selection of materials that optimize the measurement of biopotential signals.

磁带式HOLTER记录仪的常见故障及分析

动态心电监护仪(简称HOLTER)是心血管系统及老年人检查必不可少的诊断工具之一。目前最为流行和被广泛应用的是磁带式记录方式,它的优点是真正实现24小时全信息实时记录,而且记录器价格相对便宜等。

The future of remote ECG monitoring systems

Remote ECG monitoring systems are becoming commonplace medical devices for remote heart monitoring. In recent years, remote ECG monitoring systems have been applied in the monitoring of various kinds of heart diseases, and the quality of the transmission and re- ception of the ECG signals during remote process kept advancing. However, there remains accompanying challenges. This report focuses on the three components of the remote ECG monitoring system： patient （the end user）, the doctor workstation, and the remote server, reviewing and evaluating the imminent challenges on the wearable systems, packet loss in remote transmission, portable ECG monitoring system, pa- tient ECG data collection system, and ECG signals transmission including real-time processing ST segment, R wave, RR interval and QRS wave, etc. This paper tries to clarify the future developmental strategies of the ECG remote monitoring, which can be helpful in guiding the research and development of remote ECG monitoring.

Diagnosis of chest pain with foregut symptoms in Chinese patients

AIM:To evaluate the diagnosis of chest pain with foregut symptoms in Chinese patients. METHODS:Esophageal manometric studies, 24-h introesophageal pH monitoring and 24-h electrocardiograms(Holter electrocardiography)were performed in 61 patients with chest pain. RESULTS:Thirty-nine patients were diagnosed with non-specific esophageal motility disorders(29 patients with abnormal gastroesophageal reflux and eight patients with myocardial ischemia).Five patients had diffuse spasm of the esophagus plus abnormal gastroesophageal reflux(two patients had concomitant myocardial ischemia),and one patient was diagnosed with nutcracker esophagus. CONCLUSION:The esophageal manometric studies, 24-h intra-esophageal pH monitoring and Holter electrocardiography are significant for the differential diagnosis of chest pain,particularly in patients with foregut symptoms.In cases of esophageal motility disorders,pathological gastroesophageal reflux may be a major cause of chest pain with non-specific esophageal motility disorders.Spasm of the esophageal smooth muscle might affect the heart-coronary smooth muscle,leading to myocardial ischemia.

Non-contact ECG Monitoring Based on Capacitive Electrodes

Recent interest in mobile-based heahhcare has driven significant demands on researching non-contact electrodes for electrocardiogram （ECG） measurement. While the conductive gel achieves the requirement in making a good contact between the electrodes and skin, several problems appear. A gel-free, non-contact electrode based on capacitive coupling theory was provided in this paper, which was integrated on the print circuit board （PCB）. The experimental results showed that clear ECG signals could be acquired in the laboratory conditions by coupling the electrodes to the chest of patients through cotton belts.

A ECG Tele-monitoring Method and System Based on Embedded Web Server

This paper describes the development of a new ECG tele-monitoring method and system based on the embedded web server. The system consists of ECG recorders with network interface and the embedded web server, internet networks and computers, with the system operating on browser/server(B/S) mode. The ECG recorder was designed by ARM9 (S3C2410X) and embedded operating system (Linux). Once the ECG recorder has been connected to the internet network, medical experts can use the internet to access the server of the ECG recorder, monitor ECG signals, and diagnose patients by browsing the dynamic web pages in the embedded web server. The experimental results reveal that the designed system is stable, reliable, and suitable for the use in real-time ECG tele-monitoring for both family and community health care.

The Research of Fractal Characteristics of the Electrocardiogram in a Real Time Mode

The article presents the results of recent investigations into Holter monitoring of ECG, using non-linear analysis methods. This paper discusses one of the modern methods of time series analysis--a method of deterministic chaos theory. It involves the transition from study of the characteristics of the signal to the investigation of metric （and probabilistic） properties of the reconstructed attractor of the signal. It is shown that one of the most precise characteristics of the functional state of biological systems is the dynamical trend of correlation dimension and entropy of the reconstructed attractor. On the basis of this it is suggested that a complex programming apparatus be created for calculating these characteristics on line. A similar programming product is being created now with the support of RFBR. The first results of the working program, its adjustment, and further development, are also considered in the article.

Steric paper based ratio-type electrochemical biosensor with hollow-channel for sensitive detection of Zn2+

The construction of flexible platform possessing the functions of immobilizing, separating, rinsing, and high-throughput analysis plays a significant role in biological and clinical research. Herein, hollow- channel technique was integrated with lab-on-paper for the simultaneous determination of two different concentrations of Zn2＋ based on the origami principle, in which microfiuidic channels were first patterned on a cellulose paper using commercial solid-state wax printer. Hollow-channels were created by laser cutting method as the role of both injecting ending and reaction tank. After screen printing three elec- trodes system, the resulting planar paper sheets were then folded into steric structures and functional- ized by in-situ synthesized reduced graphene oxide. As a proof-of-concept, such lab-on-paper device was employed in the ratiometric electrochemical monitoring of zinc ion from the environment and HepG2 cells extract, by combining with co-catalysis of porous metal-organic frameworks and hemin/ G-quadruplex toward H202 in the linear range of 0.1-7,000 nmol/L. The results indicated that integrating hollow-channel with steric lab-on-paper offered a new methodological approach for the development of metal ions monitoring research. It is believed that it could be useful for various point-of-care related research fields, such as, on-site environmental monitoring, food safety, and disease diagnosis.