ST2及其配体IL-33与心血管系疾病

ST2是多种炎症反应及自身免疫疾病中的孤儿受体,白细胞介素-33（IL-33）自2005年发现后,成为IL-1细胞因子家族成员,并成为ST2的功能配体。ST2/IL-33信号途径参与T细胞介导的免疫应答,近年来发现其存在于血管内皮细胞,心脏成纤维和心肌细胞中,是很有前途的新型心血管生物标记物,

心理、社会因素与心血管系疾病

当今世界经济发展和社会变革加速,人们的生活节律加快,社会交往日益频繁,各种矛盾更加复杂,社会紧张刺激因素加多加剧,心理疾病随之与日俱增,已成为危害人类健康的主要疾病。心血管系疾病包括高血压、冠心病、心绞痛、心律失常、心肌梗塞为常见病其发病率高,现在的死亡原因中,心血管系病变引起的冠心病,心肌梗塞,脑溢血占70％。随着现代医学模式的转变,心血管系疾病的身心障碍研究日益受到国内外医学界的重视,为经典心身疾病之一,即本病的发生由于生物、心理、社会因素的综合作用所致,通过大量的动物试验、临床观察证实,心理社会因素对疾病的发生、发展及全面防治都具有重要意义。

应用中西医药物联合治疗肺结核合并心血管系疾病临床疗效观察

目的：探讨应用中医结合治疗老年难治性肺结核合并心血管系疾病的临床效果。方法：选用参麦注射液、黄芪注射液、香丹注射液、鱼腥草注射液及左氧氟沙星（V）、利福喷丁（L）、力克肺疾（D），联合基础抗痨药物，组成治疗方案，对39例老年难治性肺结核合并心血管疾病患者进行全程督导治疗。结果：满疗程时结束，患者自觉临床症状基本消失，痰菌阴转率92．3％，胸片示病灶吸收好转、空洞闭合、心血管疾病基本稳定好转。结论：中西医结合治疗难治性肺结核合并心血管疾病是新的治疗思路，整体与局部相结合、增强机体免疫功能、提高抗病能力，改善病变部位血液循环，促进各脏器功能恢复，增强抗痨药物的渗透能力，加大药物对细菌的抑杀作用，提高了老年难治性肺结核合并心血管系疾病的临床治疗效果。

290例急死尸检病理分析

本文对290例急死尸检材料进行综合性分析。结果表明,急死尸检率有逐年上升的趋势。急死病因以心血管系疾病、呼吸系疾病及消化系疾病较多,且各年代亦有所变化,本文还对心脏性急死、急性出血坏死性胰腺炎急死、肿瘤急死、睡眠中急死进行了讨论。

Androgen actions on endothelium functions and cardiovascular diseases

The roles of androgens on cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology are controversial as both beneficial and detrimental effects have been reported. Although the reasons for this discrepancy are unclear, multiple factors such as genetic and epigenetic variation, sex-specificity, hormone interactions, drug preparation and route of administration may contribute. Recently, growing evidence suggests that androgens exhibit beneficial effects on cardiovascular function though the mechanism remains to be elucidated. Endothelial cells （ECs） which line the interior surface of blood vessels are distributed throughout the circulatory system, and play a crucial role in cardiovascular function. Endothelial progenitor cells （EPCs） are considered an indispensable element for the reconstitution and maintenance of an intact endothelial layer. Endothelial dysfunction is regarded as an initiating step in development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. The modulation of endothelial functions by androgens through either genornic or nongenomic signal pathways is one possible mechanism by which androgens act on the cardiovascular system. Obtaining insight into the mechanisms by which androgens affect EC and EPC functions will allow us to determine whether androgens possess beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. This in turn may be critical in the prevention and therapy of cardiovascular diseases. This article seeks to review recent progress in androgen regulation of endothelial function, the sex-specificity of androgen actions, and its clinical applications in the cardiovascular system.

Pharmacological effects of Astragaloside IV: a literature review

OBJECTIVE: To review the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of action of Astragaloside IV in Huangqi (Radix Astragali Mongolici). METHODS: Aticles focusing on Astragaloside IV in English and Chinese in databases were collected and reviewed in order to summarize the latest extraction separation, pharmacokinetics, and the pharmacological effects of astrageloside IV. RESULTS: Protective effects of Astrageloside IV on the cardiovascular system, immune, digestive, nervous system were identified, and the action mechanisms were associated with regulation of the calcium balance, anti-oxydant, antiapoptosis, antivirus, and so on. CONCLUSION: Astrageloside IV has broad application prospects, especially in cardiovascular diseases, digestive diseases, cancer and other modern high incidence, high-risk diseases, and could be developed as a medicine.

Analysis on care outcome of patients with polytrauma and coma

Objective ： To make further improvement of outcome of patients with polytrauma and coma. Methods： The data of 3 361 patients （2 378 males and 983 females, aged from 5-95 years, 38. 2 years on average） with severe polytrauma and coma admitted to Chongqing Emergency Medical Center （Level I Trauma Center ）, Chongqing, China, from November 1978 to December 2004 were analyzed retrospectively in this study. Results： The overall survival rate and mortality were 93.2%（3 133/3 361 ）and 6.8%（228/3 361 ）, respectively. The mortalities in patients with coma duration 〈 1 hour and combined with neural dysfunction and in patients with coma duration ≥ 1 hour and combined with or without neural dysfunction were signifieantly higher than that of those with coma duration 〈 1 hour but without neural dysfunction [39.5%（136/344）vs 3.0%（92/3 017）, P 〈0.01]. There existed significant differences in GCS, ISS, and revised trauma score （RTS） between the death group and the survival group （P 〈 0. 01 ）. RTS was in good correspondence with patient＇ s pathophysiological status and outcome in patients with multiple trauma and coma for different groups of systolic blood pressure （SBP）. The mortality in patients with SBP 〈90 nun Hg was significantiy higher than that of those with SBP ≥ 90 mm Hg [ 33. 3 % （68/204） vs5.1%（160/3 157）, P 〈0.01]. The mortality in polytranma patients combined with serious head injury （AIS≥3） was8.2%, among which, 76.5% died from lung complications. The morbidity rate of lung complications and mortality rate increased in patients with head injury complicated with chest or abdomen injury （23.9%, 61.1% vs 27.3 %, 50.0 % ）. The mortality reached up to 61.9 % in patients complicated with severe head, chest and abdomen injuries simultaneously. Conclusions： It plays a key role to establish a fast and effective trauma care system and prompt and definite surgical procedures and to strengthen the management of complications for improving the survival rate of patients with severe palytrauma and coma.

ACE2/Ang-(1-7) signaling and vascular remodeling

The renin-angiotensin system(RAS)regulates vascular tone and plays a critical role in vascular remodeling,which is the result of a complex interplay of alterations in vascular tone and structure.Inhibition of the RAS has led to important pharmacological tools to prevent and treat vascular diseases such as hypertension,diabetic vasculopathy and atherosclerosis.Angiotensin converting enzyme 2(ACE2)was recently identified as a multifunctional monocarboxypeptidase responsible for the conversion of angiotensin(Ang)II to Ang-(1-7).The ACE2/Ang-(1-7)signaling has been shown to prevent cellular proliferation,pathological hypertrophy,oxidative stress and vascular fibrosis.Thus,the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)signaling is deemed to be beneficial to the cardiovascular system as a negative regulator of the RAS.The addition of the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)signaling to the complexities of the RAS may lead to the development of novel therapeutics for the treatment of hypertension and other vascular diseases.The present review considers recent findings regarding the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)signaling and focuses on its regulatory roles in processes related to proliferation,inflammation,vascular fibrosis and remodeling,providing proof of principle for the potential use of ACE2 as a novel therapy for vascular disorders related to vascular remodeling.

Intermedin/adrenomedullin2: an autocrine/paracrine factor in vascular homeostasis and disease

Intermedin(IMD)or adrenomedullin 2 is a novel peptide related to the calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP)family.Via calcitonin receptor-like receptor/receptor activity modifying proteins,the common receptor complexes of CGRP,IMD exerts a wide range of biological effects,especially regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis.Proteolytic processing of a larger IMD precursor yields a series of biologically active C-terminal fragments,IMD1–53,IMD1–47 and IMD8–47.IMD and its receptors are present in the cardiovascular system,and IMD is present at low levels in plasma.In the cardiovascular system,IMD has multiple functions such as regulation of blood pressure and cardiac function,pro-angiogenesis,endothelial barrier function protection,anti-oxidative stress,and anti-endoplasmic reticulum stress.IMD participates widely in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis,hypertension,pulmonary arterial hypertension and vascular calcification.It is a vascular regulatory factor of homeostasis and a vital endogenous protective factor against vascular diseases.