Objective To evaluate the associations between the serum anion gap （AG） with the severity and prognosis of coronary artery disease （CAD）. Methods We measured serum electrolytes in 18,115 CAD patients indicated by ...Objective To evaluate the associations between the serum anion gap （AG） with the severity and prognosis of coronary artery disease （CAD）. Methods We measured serum electrolytes in 18,115 CAD patients indicated by coronary angiography. The serum AG was calculated according to the equation： AG = Na^＋ [（mmol/L） ＋ K^＋ （mmol/L）] - [Cl^- （mmol/L） ＋ HCO3^- （mmol/L）]. Results A total of 4510 （24.9%） participants had their AG levels greater than 16 mmol/L. The serum AG was independently associated with measures of CAD severity, including more severe clinical types of CAD （P 〈 0.001） and worse cardiac function （P = 0.004）. Patients in the 4th quartile of serum AG （≥ 15.92 mmol/L） had a 5.171-fold increased risk of 30 days all-cause death （P 〈 0.001）. This association was robust, even after adjustment for age, sex, evaluated glomerular filtration rate [hazard ratio （HR）： 4.861, 95% confidence interval （CI）： 2.150–10.993, P 〈 0.001], clinical diagnosis, severity of coronary artery stenosis, cardiac function grades, and other confounders （HR： 3.318, 95% CI： 1.76–2.27, P = 0.009）. Conclusion In this large population-based study, our findings reveal a high percentage of increased serum AG in CAD. Higher AG is associated with more severe clinical types of CAD and worse cardiac function. Furthermore, the increased serum AG is an independent, significant, and strong predictor of all-cause mortality. These findings support a role for the serum AG in the risk-stratification of CAD.展开更多
As a novel one-atom-thick carbon allotrope,graphdiyne(GDY)has attracted wide interest in two-dimensional materials owing to its unique feature with a planar layer comprising sp2-and sp-hybridized carbon atoms and a di...As a novel one-atom-thick carbon allotrope,graphdiyne(GDY)has attracted wide interest in two-dimensional materials owing to its unique feature with a planar layer comprising sp2-and sp-hybridized carbon atoms and a direct natural bandgap.A high-quality saturable absorber(SA)based on GDY was successfully fabricated,and the nonlinear saturable absorption properties were investigated.A compact diode-pumped solid-state passively Q-switched laser based on the as-prepared GDY-SA could be operated at 2µm.The Q-switched laser delivered a maximum average output power of 1.29 W at a central wavelength of 1908.41 nm with up to 54.8%slope efficiency.A repetition rate of 91.58 kHz and single pulse energy of 23.08µJ were obtained.This work is the first application of GDY as an SA to generate all-solid-state pulsed lasers.These results indicate that GDY is a promising SA for solid-state pulsed lasers and has further application potential for ultrafast photonic devices in the 2-µm region.展开更多
基金Acknowledgement This work was supported by the Beijing Nova Program （No. Z121107002512053）, the Beijing Health System High Level Health Technology Talent Cultivation Plan （No. 2013-3-013）, the Beijing Outstanding Talent Training Program （No. 2014000021223ZK32）, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81100143） to S.W.Y., and the Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Clinical Medicine Development of Special Funding Support （No. ZYLX201303） to Y.J.Z.
文摘Objective To evaluate the associations between the serum anion gap （AG） with the severity and prognosis of coronary artery disease （CAD）. Methods We measured serum electrolytes in 18,115 CAD patients indicated by coronary angiography. The serum AG was calculated according to the equation： AG = Na^＋ [（mmol/L） ＋ K^＋ （mmol/L）] - [Cl^- （mmol/L） ＋ HCO3^- （mmol/L）]. Results A total of 4510 （24.9%） participants had their AG levels greater than 16 mmol/L. The serum AG was independently associated with measures of CAD severity, including more severe clinical types of CAD （P 〈 0.001） and worse cardiac function （P = 0.004）. Patients in the 4th quartile of serum AG （≥ 15.92 mmol/L） had a 5.171-fold increased risk of 30 days all-cause death （P 〈 0.001）. This association was robust, even after adjustment for age, sex, evaluated glomerular filtration rate [hazard ratio （HR）： 4.861, 95% confidence interval （CI）： 2.150–10.993, P 〈 0.001], clinical diagnosis, severity of coronary artery stenosis, cardiac function grades, and other confounders （HR： 3.318, 95% CI： 1.76–2.27, P = 0.009）. Conclusion In this large population-based study, our findings reveal a high percentage of increased serum AG in CAD. Higher AG is associated with more severe clinical types of CAD and worse cardiac function. Furthermore, the increased serum AG is an independent, significant, and strong predictor of all-cause mortality. These findings support a role for the serum AG in the risk-stratification of CAD.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11974220, 61635012,61875138, 61961136001, and U1801254)the State Key Research Development Program of China (2019YFB2203503)
文摘As a novel one-atom-thick carbon allotrope,graphdiyne(GDY)has attracted wide interest in two-dimensional materials owing to its unique feature with a planar layer comprising sp2-and sp-hybridized carbon atoms and a direct natural bandgap.A high-quality saturable absorber(SA)based on GDY was successfully fabricated,and the nonlinear saturable absorption properties were investigated.A compact diode-pumped solid-state passively Q-switched laser based on the as-prepared GDY-SA could be operated at 2µm.The Q-switched laser delivered a maximum average output power of 1.29 W at a central wavelength of 1908.41 nm with up to 54.8%slope efficiency.A repetition rate of 91.58 kHz and single pulse energy of 23.08µJ were obtained.This work is the first application of GDY as an SA to generate all-solid-state pulsed lasers.These results indicate that GDY is a promising SA for solid-state pulsed lasers and has further application potential for ultrafast photonic devices in the 2-µm region.
