Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for Reactive Azeotropes in Multi-reaction Mixtures in Terms of Elemental Composition

Necessary and sufficient conditions for azeotropy in reactive mixtures are derived in terms of elemental composition, which shows that in the space of elemental compositions, they take the same functional form as the conditions for azeotropy in non-reactive mixtures. The production of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) is taken as an example. It is found that there are a 'pseudo' intermediate-boiling ternary reactive azeotrope at p = 101.325kPa and two 'real' ternary reactive azeotropes at p = 101.325 Pa. The introduced elemental compositions also reduce the dimensionality of the phase diagrams and provide a natural set of variables for visualization of phase behavior.

财政本质的社会交换过程理论:层级界定与互惠性建构

理论与实践的紧迫需求呼唤关于财政本质的社会交换过程理论建构,以形成最佳解读与构思财政安排、集体行动、公共治理和共同体叙事的标准模型。本文把社会交换的必要过程界定为代价-手段-目的链表达的“财政负荷→集体支出→集体产能→集体产出→合作收益”,涵盖作为四个交换层级的财政负荷→集体支出,财政负荷→集体产能,财政负荷→集体产出,财政负荷→社会合作收益。社会交换定义为由中介主导的个体-集体间交换,即“个体的我”和“集体的我们”以财政负荷交换社会物品。通过界定必要过程去认知社会交换的最大优势不仅在于反映客观现实,更在于制定可管理的、融入供求面方法的一体化议程,以使每个层级对应的领域都能有效地结合为通盘考虑,由此产生对过程改善、社会合作与合作收益的积极追求:诉诸常态化的有效控制、正当化、理性化和纽带化测试,作为社会交换互惠性的基本保证,以促进核心价值的系统性和持续性开发、实现与分享。鉴于根植于个体、集体和财政负荷这三个稳健坚实的起点,社会交换过程理论可望成为一种普遍理论:细节能够被修改,本质不能被超越。

关于农村基层文化建设深远意义——农村文化大院

纵观社会发展,群众的基层文化占据了重要的历史意义,加强群众文化知识的学习,提高群众自身素质的修养,是社会发展的必要过程,所以农村基层文化建设具有深远意义。

EXIT DISTRIBUTION LEAVING A BALL FROM THE CENTER AND BROWNIAN MOTION

It is skowed that if the first exit distribution leaving any ball from the center is theuniform distribution on the sphere, then the Levy process is a scaled Brownian motion.The paper also gives a characterization of a continuous Hunt process by the first exitdistribution from any ball.

SOLVABILITY AND CONTROL DESIGN FOR SYNCHRONIZATION OF BOOLEAN NETWORKS

This paper addresses the synchronization problem of Boolean networks.Based on the matrix expression of logic,solvability conditions and design procedures of the synchronization of Boolean networks with outputs are given for both open-loop and feedback control.Necessary and sufficient conditions on open-loop control are proposed first with a constructive design procedure.Then sufficient condition for the feedback control case is obtained,and corresponding design procedure is proposed with the help of algorithms to solve logic matrix equations.Numerical examples are also provided to illustrate the proposed control design.

LINEAR ISOMETRIC NON-ANTICIPATIVETRANSFORMATIONS OF WIENER PROCESS

The necessary and sufficient conditions are given so that a non-anticipative transformation in Hilbert space is isometric. In terms of second order Wiener process, these conditions assure that a non-anticipative transformation of Wiener process is a Wiener process, too.