核电设备快断安全分析中的热效应影响研究

核电设备的快断分析是力学安全分析中重要的组成部分。在热机耦合分析中,热边界的变化对安全分析有重要的影响。利用RCC-M规范在进行快速断裂评判中,热边界关系着安全分析的失效模式和评定限值的变化。以蒸汽发生器下部封头为例,结合RCC-M规范和有限元软件开展了虚拟紧急工况下的快速断裂安全分析研究,并讨论了热边界对分析结果的影响。研究表明:热边界参量(换热系数)的变化会影响快断失效模式和评定限值;RCC-M规范在核电设备快断分析方面有较高的安全因子。

相控建模技术在河流相复杂断块的应用

港东油田二区一二断块为河流相复杂断块油田,为提高油气资源开发水平,挖掘剩余油潜力,通过构造、沉积微相、属性三步建模的方法,在二区一二断块建立了定量三维可视化地质模型,并将其结果应用于数值模拟和地质综合研究,取得了明显的效果;为河流相复杂断块油藏相控地质建模提供了先例。

一种熔断器熔断特性检测系统的搭建方法

阐述了一种以直流稳压电源和直流程控电子负载为主体,辅以采样电阻和示波器进行过载熔断测试的检测系统搭建方法。主要用于熔断动作较快的小型快断熔断器的过载熔断试验,以解决由于熔断时间较小和开路电压要求造成的常规直流稳压电源不能直接进行该项测试的问题。内容包含过载熔断试验的测试依据、检测系统各部分组成及其功能、操作步骤和注意事项等。

压水堆主管道上充管嘴弹塑性应力分析

压水堆主管道上充管嘴在核电厂运行期间需经受严厉的冷热流体交互流动产生的循环热载荷,将对上充管嘴的结构完整性产生重要的影响。上充管嘴弹性应力分析证明了结构不会出现弹性失稳、塑性失稳以及疲劳破坏等现象,但部分分析截面一次加二次应力强度范围超过了规范限值。针对弹性分析部分结果不满足规范限值的情况,对上充管嘴进行了循环弹塑性分析,结果表明,上充管嘴结构在循环载荷作用下出现了明显的塑性安定现象,并且经历所分析的循环载荷后,其结构的累积应变不会对结构抗塑性失稳能力和抗疲劳破坏能力产生显著的影响。上充管嘴抗快断分析表明,其结构具备良好的抗快断性能。

Evaluation of a Direct Rapid Immunohistochemical Test (dRIT) for Rapid Diagnosis of Rabies in Animals and Humans

Presently the gold standard diagnostic technique for rabies is the direct immunofluorescence assay （dFA） which is very expensive and requires a high level of expertise. There is a need for more economical and user friendly tests, particularly for use in developing countries. We have established one such test called the direct rapid immunohistochemical test （dRIT） for diagnosis of rabies using brain tissue. The test is based on capture of rabies nucleoprotein （N） antigen in brain smears using a cocktail of biotinylated monoclonal antibodies specific for the N protein and color development by streptavidin peroxidase-amino ethyl carbazole and counter staining with haematoxollin. The test was done in parallel with standard FAT dFA using 400 brain samples from different animals and humans. The rabies virus N protein appears under fight microscope as reddish brown particles against a light blue background. There was 100 % correlation between the results obtained by the two tests. Also, interpretation of results by dRIT was easier and only required a light microscope. To conclude, this newly developed dRIT technique promises to be a simple, cost effective diagnostic tool for rabies and will have applicability in field conditions prevalent in developing countries.

Aortoesophageal fistula:A case misdiagnosed as esophageal polyp

Aortoesophageal fistula(AEF)is a rare and fatal disorder. It is also a life-threatening cause of massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage.Thoracic aortic aneurysm is the most common cause of AEF.Management of a patient with this disorder requires rapid diagnosis and immediate intervention,which is considered the best way to save the patient's life.We report a case of AEF misdiagnosed as esophageal polyp.

Predominance of Plasmodium malariae-falciparum Co-Infection by Molecular Speciation in Bangolan, North West Region of Cameroon

Although microscopy still remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of malaria, rapid diagnostic tests （RDTs） and PCR assays have been shown to be sensitive and specific. Very few comparative studies have been reported of the three diagnostic methods on the same samples in vulnerable groups. Microscopy, RDTs and PCR assays were used for detection and speciation of Plasmodium falciparum （P）＇）, Plasmodium malariae （Pm） and Plasmodium ovale （Po） in patients in a rice culture savanna ecotype. Fifty four children and 16 pregnant women presenting with a fever were recruited. Bloods collected was used for thin and thick smears, perform RDTs and spotted blood on filter paper for DNA extraction and performance of a PCR. Mean parasitaemia was 37,619.06 （＋ 33,599.04） p/pL and 7,512.5 （＋ 12,446.11） p/μL for children and pregnant women, respectively. A total of 87.14% were positive by microscopy, 85.71% by RDTs and 90% by PCR. Distribution of Plasmodium species as identified by PCR was 72.86% Pf/Pm, 11.43% Pf/Pm/Po and 5.43% Pm while 10% were negative. Cohen＇s Kappa value for PCR and RDTs was K = 0.75 （CI = 0.28-1.22） while PCR and microscopy was K = 0.64 （CI = 0.18-1.10）. Malaria infection in Bangolan was mostly due to mix infection predominantly P. falciparum/P, malariae.

Researches on the key technology and equipment for rapid construction of long tunnels with large section

Excavation and lining are two main important tasks in tunnel construction. Conventional sequential operations may not be appropriate due to time limit for a project and the high cost of construction. The authors developed a new mode of tunnel construction that excavation and lining can be operated simultaneously. The new mode of tunnel construction has been successfully applied to Dahuofang Water Conveyance Project in Liaoning Province. This paper makes a comparison of Main Beam TBMs and Double Shield TBMs used in Dahuofang Water Conveyance Project, and the features of Full-ring Inner-through Lining Shutter Jumbo which solves the problem of interference between excavation and lining.

Assessment of HRP2-Based RDT in Diagnosing Malaria Cases

Background： HRP2-based Rapid Diagnostic Tests （RDTs） for malaria ensure a rational use of artemisinin-based combination therapy （ACT）. The HRP2 antigen can go through the cerebrospinal fluid （CSF）. Purpose： To assess the HRP2-based RDT in malaria and detect the HRP2 in CSF. Methods： From November 2006 to May 2007, all patients under 15 years showing clinical symptoms of malaria were included. RDT was performed on the CSF and peripheral blood. Results： Out of the 951 patients included, 131 （13.7%） were confirmed through RDT and 130 （13.6%） through thick blood smear. Sensitivity and specificity stood at 96.96% and 99.71% respectively, for uncomplicated cases and at 100% and 99.13% for severe cases. Tests to detect HRP2 in the CSF of 52 cases were negative. Conclusion： Tests to detect HRP2 in the CSF could make it possible to diagnose severe malaria cases when peripheral parasitemia would be below the detection threshold.

Short-circuit fault analysis and isolation strategy for matrix converters

The behavior of matrix converter(MC) drive systems under the condition of MC short-circuit faults is comprehensively investigated. Two isolation strategies using semiconductors and high speed fuses(HSFs) for MC short-circuit faults are examined and their performances are compared. The behavior of MC drive systems during the fuse action time under different operating conditions is explored. The feasibility of fault-tolerant operation during the fuse action time is also studied. The basic selection laws for the HSFs and the requirements for the passive components of the MC drive system from the point view of short-circuit faults are also discussed. Simulation results are used to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed isolation strategies.

ACS6000中压传动系统在酒钢CSP热轧线的应用及故障处理

酒钢CSP热轧生产线应用了ABB ACS6000中压变频传动系统,该系统主要特点是采用了模块化设计、DTC直接转矩控制技术和无快熔速断保护技术,以IGCT为功率元件,水冷方式进行元件冷却。本文对变频系统硬件组成、无快熔速断保护技术以及现场实际故障案例进行了探讨,现场应用实践证明该变频系统运行稳定,控制精度高,响应速度快,安全可靠性高。

Identification and Diagnostics of Plant-Symbiotic and Phytopathogenic Bacteria

Rapid and reliable diagnostics and identification of pathogenic and symbiotic bacteria are at the top of the agenda. In the first case, they are important to control and prevent crop damages, and thus reduce economic losses. In the second, it＇s necessary to design and monitor quality of biofertilizer to raise its effectiveness and crop capacity. Development of accurately, rapidly, technically and commercially accessible methods remains a critical problem for the bacteria with comprehensive phylogenetic structure. In this work, we investigated pathogenic Xanthomonas and Ralstonia and symbiotic Sinorhizobium. The aim of this investigation was to examine the applicability of the novel methods for phylogenetic study, identification and diagnostics of closely related species of these genera. The conventional phenotypic and genotypic （16S rRNA, gyrB） methods were applied as referents. Novel polymerase chain reaction （PCR）-based approaches, single-adapter amplified fragment length polymorphism （saAFLP） and comparative analyses of hin-region and Xcc0006-0007 sequences, were first employed for the investigations. Phenotypic tests, 16S rRNA and gyrB analysis distinguished bacteria at the genus level, but failed to identify them to the species robustly. The new methods identified bacteria at the inter-species level more precisely. This identification agreed with the accepted genera＇s classifications. The only exceptions were X. fuscans ＆ X. cirri and X. perforance ＆ X. euvesicatoria which clustered together. The further outcome of this study was achieved hin-region-based genus-specific PCR primers for the express-diagnostics of the genera. Summary, these new methods can be applied for genome-based phylogeny investigations and as convenient and accurate tools for identification and routine laboratory diagnostics of these comprehensive genera.

Effect of rapid cold stamping on fracture behavior of long strip S′phase in Al−Cu−Mg alloy

High-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction techniques were used to study the mechanism that underlies the influence of rapid cold-stamping deformation on the fracture behavior of the elongated nanoprecipitated phase in extruded Al−Cu−Mg alloy.Results show that the interface between the long strip-shaped S′phase and the aluminum matrix in the extruded Al−Cu−Mg alloy is flat and breaks during rapid cold-stamping deformation.The breaking mechanisms are distortion and brittle failure,redissolution,and necking.The breakage of the long strip S′phase increases the contact surface between the S′phase and the aluminum matrix and improves the interfacial distortion energy.This effect accounts for the higher free energy of the S′phase than that of the matrix and creates conditions for the redissolution of solute atoms back into the aluminum matrix.The brittle S′phase produces a resolved step during rapid cold-stamping deformation.This step further accelerates the diffusion of solute atoms and promotes the redissolution of the S′phase.Thus,the S′phase necks and separates,and the long strip-shaped S′phase in the extruded Al−Cu−Mg alloy is broken into a short and thin S′phase.

Fast Diagnosis of Gonorrhea With Enhanced Luminescence Enzyme Immunoassay

Objective:To evaluate the value of enhanced luminescence enzyme immunoassay in the diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhea(NG) infection. Methods: Anti-catalase antibody for Neisseria gonorrheae combined with enhanced luminescence enzyme immunoassay were used to test for N. gonorrhea. Results: A minimum of 1×10^4/CFU of GC in genital tract secretions or urine could be detected with the technique of luminescence enzyme immunoassay. Conclusion : The enhanced luminescence enzyme immunoassay has the advantage of high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing NG from genitourinary tract secretion and urine.

Acute Leukemia in Children

Acute leukemia is the most common childhood cancer and accounts for 31% of all cancers in children. There are two main types of acute leukemia. The most common is ALL （acute lymphoblastic leukemia） affecting the lymphoid lineage, and the more rare AML （acute myeloid leukemia） affecting the myeloid linage. The intention of this thesis is to follow the course of treatment from the admission to the hospital until the last check up and also see how a child will react to the treatment and side effects in later life. We studied literature and my own case records from the period when I was treated for ALL. From the literature and my case records, we can see that children tolerate treatment quite well. Due to rapid diagnostics and the possibility to give high doses chemotherapy, the overall prognosis appears to be very good. Today, acute leukemias of paediatric patients have a really favourable prognosis. The overall survival rate for ALL is higher than 80% and for AML 65%. So the results are good, but there is still a long way to go before we can be satisfied. To date we do not have a contingency program for children treated for acute leukemia after 18 years of age （neither in Norway or Slovakia） so perhaps this should be a focus point in the future. It could be extended to follow up patients in adulthood in order to monitor late effects that may occur in later life after many years of treatment.

Tokamak Experiment and Tokamak Engineering——Development of the Plasma Diagnostics on HL-2A Tokamak

The main mission the HL-2A tokamak is of the experiments on to explore the divertor physics and to investigate the plasma confinement, transport and instabilities with high power auxiliary heating and advanced fuelling, it is necessary to develop more new diagnostics and increase the spatial and temporal resolutions of the measurements for exist system. Up to now, about 30 diagnostic systems have been moved from HL-1M to HL-2A tokamak. Other 10 diagnostic systems are being designed and installed on the device. In developed in last 2 years, will be presented.

铸件/铸型边界模型对用于RT的凝固模拟精度影响的研究

在快速模具制造工艺 RT (Rapid Tooling)中 ,采用尺寸凝固模拟技术保证铸件的尺寸精度是 RT工艺中关键的技术环节 ,而凝固分析中铸件 /铸型边界模型的正确与否对尺寸凝固模拟精度有着重要的作用。采用 3种不同的铸件/铸型边界模型对 RT工艺中典型标准件的凝固过程进行数值分析及实验验证 ,分析结果及实验证明在 RT工艺铸件尺寸精度的凝固分析中 ,铸型 /铸件的边界模型采用铸件、铸型均为热变形弹塑性体 ,且采用接触力学中的接触单元法对铸型 /铸件的边界进行分析更符合实际。采用这种铸件 /铸型边界模型对汽车覆盖件模具的凝固过程进行了热力耦合分析 ,数值计算得到的铸件尺寸与实际铸件的尺寸吻合较好 ,证实所采用的铸型 /铸件边界模型是正确的。

Outcomes of surgical management of tracheobronchial injuries a case series from a developing country

Objective： Tracheobronchial injuries are defined as injuries involving the trachea and/or bronchi from the level of the cricoid cartilage extending up to the division of the bronchi. We present a case series with most of the tracheobronchial injuries found to be sustained after penetrating trauma. Methods： A retrospective review was performed at the Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. From January 2004 to December 2009, 168 patients with thoracic trauma were treated, of whom 15 were recognized to have major tracheobronchial and pulmonary injuries. Results： The average age was 3 l years with most of the patients being male （14：1）. Among them,11 patients had penetrating trauma as the main cause of injury, 3 patients had blunt trauma from road traffic accidents, only 1 patient had combined trauma （blunt and penetrating trauma）. Eightpatients were diagnosed based on radiological findings. All the patients were treated surgically. Lobectomy was the most common intervention performed in 7 patients. The mortality rate was 7% （1 patient）. Most patients survived with no sequelae （10 patients） while 5 survived with disability. We found that penetrating trauma was the leading cause of injury in our series. The severity of injury depends upon the weapon causing the trauma. Patients in our series had multiple injuries and required surgical management. Conclusions： Tracheobronchial injuries are rare but potentially life threatening. They require quick diagnosis and management. Diagnosis tends to be difficult since there are no specialised diagnostic modalities available at present.

Electron microscopy:essentials for viral structure,morphogenesis and rapid diagnosis

Electron microscopy(EM) should be used in the front line for detection of agents in emergencies and bioterrorism,on accounts of its speed and accuracy.However,the number of EM diagnostic laboratories has decreased considerably and an increasing number of people encounter difficulties with EM results.Therefore,the research on viral structure and morphology has become important in EM diagnostic practice.EM has several technological advantages,and should be a fundamental tool in clinical diagnosis of viruses,particularly when agents are unknown or unsuspected.In this article,we review the historical contribution of EM to virology,and its use in virus differentiation,localization of specific virus antigens,virus-cell interaction,and viral morphogenesis.It is essential that EM investigations are based on clinical and comprehensive pathogenesis data from light or confocal microscopy.Furthermore,avoidance of artifacts or false results is necessary to exploit fully the advantages while minimizing its limitations.

Near-infrared spectroscopy and chemometric modelling for rapid diagnosis of kidney disease

Rapid diagnosis is important for efficient treatment in clinical medicine.This study aimed at development of a method for rapid and reliable diagnosis using near-infrared(NIR)spectra of human serum samples with the help of chemometric modelling.The NIR spectra of sera from 48 healthy individuals and 16 patients with suspected kidney disease were analyzed.Discrete wavelet transform(DWT)and variable selection were adopted to extract the useful information from the spectra.Principal component analysis(PCA),linear discriminant analysis(LDA)and partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLSDA)were used for discrimination of the samples.Classification of the two-class sera was obtained using LDA and PLSDA with the help of DWT and variable selection.DWT-LDA produced 93.8%and 83.3%of the recognition rates for the validation samples of the two classes,and 100%recognition rates were obtained using DWT-PLSDA.The results demonstrated that the tiny differences between the spectra of the sera were effectively explored using DWT and variable selection,and the differences can be used for discrimination of the sera from healthy and possible patients.NIR spectroscopy and chemometrics may be a potential technique for fast diagnosis of kidney disease.