陈州知府张詠

<正>'园僻常宜雨,台高故受烟……不尽陈州胜,因思张詠贤。''望台初登忆张詠,但见龙湖水空蒙。耿臣忧忠获贬放,不毛边关任雨风……'在淮阳西柳湖望雨台上,一代代文人墨客在这里登高怀古,感念因弹劾王亲贵族被贬为陈州知府的贤臣张詠,对他刚直不阿的品格表达诚挚的崇敬之情。张詠(公元946~1015年),字复之,号乖崖,谥忠定,山东鄄城人,宋真宗时进士。

Analysis of infections in the first 3-month after living donor liver transplantation

AIM:To identify factors related to serious postoperative bacterial and fungal infections in the first 3 mo after living donor liver transplantation(LDLT).METHODS:In the present study,the data of 207 patients from 2004 to 2011 were reviewed.The pre-,intra-and post-operative factors were statistically analyzed.All transplantations were approved by the ethics committee of West China Hospital,Sichuan University.Patients with definitely preoperative infections and infections within 48 h after transplantation were excluded from current study.All potential risk factors were analyzed using univariate analyses.Factors significant at a P < 0.10 in the univariate analyses were involved in the multivariate analyses.The diagnostic accuracy of the identified risk factors was evaluated using receiver operating curve.RESULTS:The serious bacterial and fungal infection rates were 14.01% and 4.35% respectively.Enterococcus faecium was the predominant bacterial pathogen,whereas Candida albicans was the most common fungal pathogen.Lung was the most common infection site for both bacterial and fungal infections.Recipient age older than 45 years,preoperative hyponatremia,intensive care unit stay longer than 9 d,postoperative bile leak and severe hyperglycemia were independent risk factors for postoperative bacterial infection.Massive red blood cells transfusion and postoperative bacterial infection may be related to postoperative fungal infection.CONCLUSION:Predictive risk factors for bacterial and fungal infections were indentified in current study.Pre-,intra-and post-operative factors can cause postoperative bacterial and fungal infections after LDLT.

Candida esophagitis:Risk factors in non-HIV population in Pakistan

AIM:Candida esophagitis is a frequent infection in immunocompromised patients. This study was designed to determine its characteristics in non- human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infected patients attending a teaching hospital.METHODS: Clinical records of all patients coded by international classification of diseases 9th revision with clinical modifications'(ICD-9-CM), with candida esophagitis diagnosed by esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and histopathology over a period of 5 years were studied.RESULTS: Fifty-one patients (27 males, 24 females, range 21-77 years old and mean age 52.9 years) fulfilled the criteria (0.34% of the EGD). The common predisposing factors were carcinoma (OR 3.87, CI 1.00-14.99) and diabetes mellitus (OR 4.39, CI 1.34-14.42). The frequent clinical symptoms were retrosternal discomfort, dysphagia and epigastric abdominal pain with endoscopic appearance of scattered mucosal plaques. Another endoscopic lesion was associated with candida esophagitis in 15% patients.CONCLUSION: Carcinomas, diabetes mellitus, corticosteroid and antibiotic therapy are major risk factors for candida esophagitis in Pakistan. It is an easily managed complication that responds to treatment with nystatin.

The Puritan Culture and Entrepreneurial Education Idea in American Universities

The USA is one of the very developed countries with entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities.After more than half a century of development,it has reached a mature stage,and the formation of the concept of entrepreneurial education has advanced.In this paper, through the analysis of entrepreneurship education thought by Jeffrey Timmons as the representative of the America University entrepreneurship education idea, it finds out the Puritan culture factors,in order to better understand the basis and provides the reference of college enterprise education in China.

The Opportunity Cost as a Critical Determinant Factor of the Cultural Heritage Monuments＇ Valuation： A Modified Contingent Valuation Method

The subject of this study, which involves two surveys, is to estimate externalities created round a cultural heritage preservation site by means of a CVM （Contingent Valuation Method）. The first survey was conducted for the ruins of ancient ＂Diolkos＂ located in Isthmus of Corinth, Greece using a sample of 200 soldiers. The second survey was conducted for the ancient theater of Lefkada, using a sample of 100 tourists mad locals. The results have been analyzed with Logit model regression. The findings show that willingness to pay （or participate） is strongly affected by opportunity cost and awareness of the site＇s history. Further, income level and education level play a critical role in developing volunteering activity.

Trope, Reason, and Affirmation in Nietzsche＇s and Novalis＇ Theories of Language

This paper analyzes the role of six tropes （metonymy, synecdoche, metaphor, analogy, allegory, and irony） in Nietzsche＇s and Novalis＇ writings on language and cognition, using the comparison to show how a negative element in Nietzsche＇s attitude towards the tropic nature of cognition underlies well-known problems in his response to nihilism. These problems include ambiguities in Nietzsche＇s attitude to truth, and the question of how well he can carry through his project of affirming the individual on the basis of a creative reinterpretation of experience. I maintain that Novalis understands language and cognition to be tropic in a similar way as Nietzsche does, and that these writers provide similar critiques of discursive reason on the basis of what they view as its stultifying rigidity and misleading claims to a ＂literal＂ form of objectivity. However, I argue that Novalis avoids Nietzsche＇s difficulties by maintaining that a creative element in cognition does not rule out a variant of a correspondence notion of truth. Although Novalis＇ account thus falls foul of Nietzsche＇s goal of providing an immanent affirmation of human experience, the comparison shows that a Nietzschean attempt to provide a convincing model of individual self-affirmation should integrate a more positive role for trope, which can support a satisfying conception of the value of human creativity.

Investigation of hHB genes in a predigree of congenital monilethrix

Objective： To investigate the gene polymorphism in a pedigree of congenital monilethrix. Methods： Genomic DNA of affected members, the normal members of the pedigree and 50 unrelated normal members who came from different regions were extracted with a whole blood genomic DNA extraction kit and used as a template for the polymerase chain reaction （PCR）-mediated amplification of hHB1 and hHB6 genes. Results： In the pedigree, DNA analysis of patients and normal persons revealed C（447th） in exonl of hHB1 gene and the 52th codon was CCA encoding arginine. But it was a heteropeak of O or C in 50 unrelated normal members, which encodes glycine or arginine. It showed that this change was a single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNP）. Conclusion： A genetic heterogeneity of monilethrix exists in Chinese population. SNP which can result in the change of amino acid sequence is found in a pedigree of congenital monilethrix, and a genetic heterogeneity of monilethrix existed in Chinese population.

Tension leg platform project execution

The first floating platform concept design work for South China Sea is undergoing in DMAR's office now. This tension leg platform has potential to become the first advanced floating production platform project. Project execution is always a challenge for floating system. This paper focuses on the critical elements of project execution for tension leg platform,and studies potential implications to future oil and gas exploration in South China Sea. There are many factors affecting successful execution of floating system project,including technical issues, engineering management,interface management,etc. There are also failure examples of project execution in the industry. The author has participated 28 large detailed projects and has gained extensive experience on floating projects,with ample hands-on project experiences. A detailed tension leg platform project study example and discussions in depth are presented for future project execution in China deepwater development.

Driving Factors of Organizational Innovation

This article seeks to outline the main driving factors of organizational innovation within 19 Brazilian companies from both the public and private spheres, whose performances have stood out at national level. The study comprises one of the stages of APMNI, an assessment methodology for prizes, which emerged from the need for the National Quality Foundation＇s （FNQ） Technical Group for Innovation to disseminate the concept of innovation management to Brazilian organizations and universities. The technical group, coordinated by the FNQ and the Getulio Vargas Foundation - FGV/EAESP, is made up of the following organizations： AES, Ampla, Brasilata, Cemig, Coelba, Correios, Cummins, EDP, Embraer, FGV, Fibria, Fleury, GPC Quimica, Itau, Natura, Promon, Senac, Senai, and Volvo. The problem-situation discussed is that these organizations have different models, dimensions, factors, and scales for assessing innovation management, thus making it necessary to identify in the sample the common factors that drive organizational innovation.

你的乡愁能持续多久

每年春节前后,总会有一些描述乡愁的文章见诸各类媒体,不少是反映农村的沦陷与变迁的。很多人一边感叹那个变质的回不去的乡村,一边又始终对曾经的那份淳朴恬淡念念不忘甚至魂牵梦绕。

RATER PERCEPTIONS OF FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE RATING OF TEM-4 ORAL TEST

A survey was carried out in this study to find out the factors that the raters perceived as affecting the rating of TEM-4 Oral Test, a large-scale tape-mediated oral English testing system in China. The findings show that what the raters perceived as affecting the rating included training, raters' interaction with the rating criteria, raters' physical and emotional conditions, raters' attitudes towards the rating work, raters' oral English proficiency level, and the recording quality. Raters' educational and research background were perceived not to affect the rating.

Chinese University EFL Teachers’ and Students’ Beliefs About EFL Writing: Differences, Influences, and Pedagogical Implications

This study investigates Chinese university EFL teachers' and students' beliefs about what determines the text quality of EFL writing via a mixed-method analysis of data collected by questionnaire, interview, and diagnostic and self-diagnostic feedback on students' essays. The results indicate that: First, both the teachers and students attached much importance to language, but the teachers put significantly more emphasis on organization and content whereas the students put significantly more emphasis on vocabulary;Second, the beliefs of students were heavily influenced by their conceptions of the purposes of EFL writing tasks and the assessment criteria adopted to mark their writing;Third, the disparity between teachers' and students' beliefs caused them to emphasize different aspects of an essay when giving feedback;Finally, students' beliefs had a negative impact on the development of effective writing strategies. Pedagogical implications are suggested.

Concept modeling of tapered thin-walled tubes

This paper presents a method to create concept models for the tapered thin-walled tubes using beam elements and spring elements.Developed concept tapered beam models with different taper angles and cross sections are compared with those detailed models through impact analyses.Important crash results are recorded and compared,and the relatively good agreement is achieved between these analyses.Concept modeling steps are illustrated in detail,and a general concept modeling method for such thin-walled tubes is summarized and presented.