小议现代动态农业

吉林省若干农业总产量与人均收入反差很大．在农业上，粮食总产量２００亿ｋｇ，居全国第１位；人参产量占全国８０％，居全国第１位；木材产量５１．５２８亿ｋｇ居全国第２位；但是，农民收入由１９７８年的全国第３位跌落到１９９２年的第１２位．这是使我们反思的问题...

以新质生产力理论指导农业高质量发展

高质量发展是“十四五”乃至更长时期中国经济社会发展的主题,是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的首要任务。新质生产力是一种全新的生产力质态,是由技术革命性突破、生产要素创新性配置、产业深度转型而催生的现代化生产力。发展新质生产力是推动高质量发展的内在要求和重要着力点。研究在学习把握新质生产力理论科学内涵的基础上,指出要从重视技术革命性突破与农业技术长周期性、推进产业转型升级与农业传统价值传承、要素创新性配置与农业农村优先发展、整体实力进入世界前列与农业科技低转化率、锚定发展新质生产力农业质态的三大攻关领域等方面科学认识新质生产力的农业质态,提出新质生产力理论指导农业高质量发展的着力点在于新技术供给、新资本供给、新劳动供给,即强化国家农业创新体系,创新农业科技资源配置,培育高素质农户与企业。

农业总生产率指标的初步研究

一、问题的提出 近年来,国内农业经济学界对农业经济效益的评价问题进行了广泛深入的研究,提出了一系列指标,如土地生产率、劳动生产率、资金生产率、农产品成本、农业商品率、农民收入水平及增长率、盈利率等。这些指标都有着各自的作用,但是,仅用这些指标要对农业经济效益作出全面评价是不够的。因为这些单项经济指标仅能从一个方面反映农业经济效益的好坏。而且单项指标之间往往还会出现相互掩盖的情形,比如,土地生产率的高水平,就有可能掩盖肥料等流动投入生产率的低水平;劳动生产率的高水平,也有可能掩盖机械等固定投入生产率的低水平。这说明,单项评价指标具有很大的局限性。

黑龙江省现代农业“三大体系”建构样态典型模式及机制创新策略

构建现代农业产业体系、生产体系、经营体系是习近平总书记“三农”思想的重要组成,对于加快现代农业强省建设,推动农业现代化实现新突破具有重大意义。要着眼农业高质量发展大局,突出把“三大体系”机制创新作为着力点,为建设现代化新龙江持续注入新优势、增添新活力、激发新动能。

新的农业基础论必须以现代广义农业观为基础

不可否认,传统农业基础论有其历史的局限性,主要表现在两个方面:一是重视分析狭义农业(即种植业)及动物饲养业在国民经济中的地位和作用,忽视分析广义农业在国民经济中的地位和作用;

Morphological Change of Starch Grain Based on Simulated Experiment and its Significance of Agricultural Archaeology——Taking Wheat as an Example

[Objective] The aim was to research and identify starch grain microfossil found in archaeological sites in China, and to find appropriate procedures for the starch grain analysis experiment.[Method] Wheat starch grain size distribution was analyzed, and some simulated experiments were carried out, like mortar grinding, ultrasonic treatment, hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide immersion, drying treatment, and so on. [Result] The mean size of wheat starch grains had increased in the growth process. Mortar grinding would make wheat starch grains larger than untreated sample. Long time of ultrasonic treatment can also make the starch grain size larger. 10% HCl and 6% H2O2 would have little effects on morphological feature of wheat starch grains. Low temperature heating did not cause starch grains to be gelatinized. [Conclusion] These experiment results can improve the accuracy of starch grain microfossil identification in the archaeological site. Starch grain analysis may be a utility and effective analytical tool in studying the origin of agriculture and the dispersal of crops in China.

Study on Regionalization of High Efficiency Eco-agriculture in Eco-economic Zone of Poyang Lake

The high efficient eco-agricultural zone in Eco-economic Region of Poyang Lake was divided into three different areas. 12 indicators including per capita cultivated land,forest coverage,comprehensive utilization rate of straw,the ratio of the effective irrigation area to the arable land,amount of pesticide usage per unit area of arable land,the output value ratio of planting industry,the output value ratio of forestry and fruit industry,the output value ratio of stock farming,the output value ratio of fishery,the proportion of sown area of crop,proportion of sown area of oil plants and the proportion of sown area of vegetable were screened to construct the indicator system of regionalization of high efficient eco-agriculture. The average index values of the high efficient eco-agricultural regionalization of three regions were obtained,the development direction of the efficient eco-agriculture construction of three areas were analyzed according to the natural resources characteristics f eco-agricultural and requirements of high efficient eco-agricultural development of the regions.

Sustainable Development of Agriculture in Northwestern Ecologically Fragile Desert Oasis——A case study of Guazhou County of Gansu Province

Guazhou County of Gansu Province is a typical ecological fragile area lying in the transition area of desert and oasis.The development of its agricultural economy is highly dependent on natural resources and environment.Contradiction of resources characterized agriculture and the fragile ecological environment has become one of the main barriers to log the impact of local agriculture to achieve sustainable development.Aiming at fragile ecological environment and limiting factors of agricultural sustainable development,thoughts and countermeasures of realizing agricultural sustainable development have been proposed.

Research Plan on the Strategic Development of High-value Eco-agriculture in the Middle-lower Reaches of Yangtze River

At present,high-value eco-agriculture research in China is till limited and controversial,theoretical innovation and practices on eco-agriculture should be conducted.The key problems which should be solved urgently on the development of high-value eco-agriculture in the middle-lower reaches of Yangtze River now including：the connotation and characteristics of high-value eco-agriculture,the construction of high-value eco-agriculture system and the policies of the development of high-value eco-agriculture.Therefore,the strategic development research on high-value eco-agriculture mainly includes the following aspects：development of agriculture modernization and theory and practices of eco-economics;theory of high-value eco-agriculture;practice of high-value eco-agriculture in the middle-lower reaches of Yangtze River;construction of high-value eco-agriculture in the middle-lower reaches of Yangtze River;development strategy and system innovation of high-value eco-agriculture in the lower and medium reaches of Yangtze River.

Planning and Design of Mountainous Agricultural Sightseeing Garden——a Case Study of Ruimin Agricultural Sightseeing Eco-garden

Agricultural sightseeing project is expanding with social development, yet most are confined in improvements in original gardens, with similar style or pattern. The research took Uupanshui City as an example and analyzed mountain-based ag- ricultural sightseeing in order to discuss the way to propel agriculture integration with leisure tourism, processing, establish new models for sightseeing eco-garden gardens, and benefit economically, socially and ecologically.

A Recycling Agriculture Model Based on Edible Fungi Cultivation

[Objective]This study was to explore the model for the efficient utilization of agricultural resources,especially crop straw and livestock waste.[Methods]With Shandong Jiufa Edible Fungus Co.,Ltd.as a case,this paper described a recycling agriculture model based on edible fungi,and analyzed its economic,ecological and social benefit [Results]The recycling agriculture model,guided by the scale production,processing and vendition of medium for the culture edible fungi,mainly makes use of a large amount of agriculture wastes like wheat straw,livestock waste,for developing edible fungi industry,aiming at getting the intensive optimization of fund,technology,raw materials and products at village level and more surplus labors engaged in edible fungi production industry into reality.Moreover,this model provides multi-solutions to the utilization of a great deal of fungus dreg,which can not only solve the problem of fungus dreg generated in the edible fungi production,but also extend industrial chain and enhance the income of practitioners,further realizing maximum conversion of agricultural resources.[Conclusion]This model can make well use of agricultural resources and reduce the agricultural waste pollution,significantly increasing economic,ecological and social benefits.

Quantitative Allocation Analysis of "Raising by Planting" System Combining Fruits and Poultry for Mountainous Region in Headwaters of Dongjiang River

[Objective] The aim was to promote nutrient cycling and utilization in the mountain＇s system combining fruits and poultry and to control non-point source pollution produced from swine raising and navel orange planting in headwaters of Dongjiang River. [Method] The quantitative analysis was mainly conducted for the so called ＂raising by planting＂ which is about material cycle in ＂pig-methane-fruit-fish＂ model and energy cascade utilization, based on relationship between excreted amount by livestock and the utilized quantity in Xinlin Farm in Longtang Town, Dingnan County, Jiangxi Province. [Result] Considering N requirement by fruit trees, a navel orange orchard （1 mu） could support about 2.72 pigs, the equipped biogas pool （1.88 m3） could support 1 166.67 kg of duckweeds and a fish pond could support 25.57 grass carps. In contrast, a satsuma orchard （1 mu） could support about 1.96 pigs, the equipped biogas pool （1.35 m3） could support 841.53 kg duckweeds and the fish pond could support 18.44 grass carps. [Conclusion] The results provided scientific references for quantitative allocation of members in ＂pig-methane-fruit-fish＂ model when popularized in headwaters of Dongjiang River.

Construction of Energy Diagram of Ecological High-value Agriculture System and Emergry Evaluation Index System

Ecological high-value agriculture research, ecological high-value agricultural is the future of agriculture in China. In the emergy diagram was constructed based on emergy theory, and the mechanism and realization approach were well described. In addition, a set of evaluation index system of emergy was established to deter- mine contribution made by different resources of the system, providing references for further exploration of ecological high-value agricultural production system.

The Basic Indexes and Practices of Regional Ecological Agricultural Construction in Dabie Mountains——A Case Study of Huanggang,Hubei

Taking Huanggang city as an example, the requirements of basic indexes for the regional ecological agricultural construction in Dabie Mountains were ana- lyzed and the measures that must be taken in implementing the in the Dabie Mountains were proposed.

Analysis on Strategic Future of Application of Agricultural Ecological Source in Control on Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution in Xi River Area in Guangxi

Non-point source pollution has become a hot issue on aquatic ecological environment at home and abroad. The research analyzed the challenges confronted by Xi River and proposed to construct agricultural ecological source in middle and upper reaches of the Xi River from the perspectives of scientific layout, legal construction, routine monitoring, technology integration, and coordination system in order to promote sustainable development of eco-environment in Xi River.

Plan and Practice of Ecological and Leisure Agricultural Demonstration Park ——A case of Xiangtian Village in Jin'an County

With Xiangtian Village, Jin＇an County as an example, development objec- tive and functional orientation of ecological and leisure agricultural demonstration park were described in detail, based on which a characteristic and promising plan of the park was proposed.

The Main Problems and Countermeasures of Agricultural Ecological Environment in Guangxi Province

Guangxi Province is a large agricultural province and agricultural eco-environment protection becomes important. The research analyzed major problems of agricultural eco-environment and proposed a series of countermeasures to improve Guangxi agricultural eco-environment and provides references for agricultural eco-environment protection in Guangxi and agricultural development.

Discussion on the Construction of Green Agriculture “3+1” Industry System Using Fenlong Activated Resources

The newly invented farming method, Fenlong technology, uses self-propelled powder-ridging mechanical screw-type drill for the deep-cultivation and deep tillage of soil, and it can enhance the double tillering depth than the conventional tillage. Moreover, the tilth soil is uniform in size and in small, broken bits and loose. It expands the new soil ＂four warehouses＂ （namely soil nutrient warehouse, water warehouse, oxygen warehouse and microbial warehouse）, and under the conditions of ＂three no increase＂ in chemical fertilizer and pesticide, irrigation water and labor input, various crops show a increase of 10%-30% in yield （average increase by 25.48% in the 23 rice, wheat and corn planting areas of several provinces）, 5% in quality, and 1 time in water retention. And the sustainable production-increasing ef- fect lasts 2-3 years after once Fenlong tillage, with the comparative efficiency reaching about 20%. It is suggested using Fenlong to activate the arable land, saline land grassland and rivers resources, so as to drive the construction of green agriculture ＂3＋1＂ industrial system, which can promote the realization of the increases in available agricultural resource stock, quality food resource stock and available water resource stock in China and even in the world, realize the ＂two responses＂ to ecological environment deterioration and climate warming, and achieve the harmonious coexistence of human beings and nature.

Assessment of Climate for Agricultural Suitability and Optimal Allocation of Agricultural Production in the Guanzhong Region, Shaanxi Province

Based on spatial climatic data of agriculture and the experiment data, the models of agro-ecological assessment of climate for agricultural suitability in this study were developed using the fuzzy mathematical method. Three coefficients, in- cluding the resource coefficient （Cr）, the efficiency coefficient （Ce）, and the utility co- efficient （K）, were used in the models, which were calculated based on temperature, moisture, and sunshine duration data of Guanzhong region, Shaanxi Province. The results indicated that resource coefficient was higher in west of the region than that in east, and higher in south （especially in the Central Shaanxi Plain） than that in the Weibei plateau. The value of Cr changed from 6.5 to 9.2 from north to plain area. Spatial change of efficiency coefficient was obvious, lower in the northeast than in the central plain, and the value of Ce changed from 2.3 to 6.5 from the northeast to the central plain. As for utility coefficient, it was lower in northeastern part of the Weibei plateau and in southern mountain areas than that in the central plain, showing significant latitudinal zonality. Furthermore, the value of K increased from 0.35 to 0.78 from northeast to the central plain, and decreased from 0.78 to 0.53 from the central plain to southern mountain areas. These indicated that climate resource in the central plain region was more abundant and potential, compared with other regions. GuanZhong region was classified into three larger agricultural zones and three small independent zones, according to agro-ecological assessment. Light, heat and water resources should be made use of in an efficient way in spatial allo- cation of agricultural production. For example, water facilities should also be im- proved in Weibei plateau region where highly-qualified fruit should be enhanced and fruit processing industrial chain should be shaped. Large-scale production area of wheat should be increased in central irrigation region and more vegetable bases should be developed around large and medium-scale cities. Thanks for outstanding water conservation function, the three-dimensional agriculture including medicine and other sideline production should be developed in Qinling Mountains and the special- ized commercial agriculture should be accelerated in independent small zones, ac- cording to local conditions. In the research, different crop varieties were developed in corresponding regions as per current eco-climatic conditions.

Routes Choice of Urban Agriculture,Ecotourism and Cultural Innovation Industry Fusion

The fusion of urban agriculture, ecotourism and cultural innovation industry has been a necessary way for industry updating, value increase and income im- provement of farmers in suburbs. The methods available of the fusion are as fol- lows： corporation development and operation, led by government with an integrated plan; corporation management and development under guidance of market with sup- port from government; collective development under guidance of market and policies; individual development and operation with the model of ＂villagers participation de- pending on infrastructure provided by government＂. The four routes enjoy exclusive advantages and characters. Hence, different villages and towns should adopt the most suitable one according to local conditions for further development and management.