基于CITYgreen的居住区绿地生态效益定量与分析研究

本文重点利用CITYgreen对研究区域内部树木的生态效益进行计算,旨在将这一先进的城市绿地生态效益定量手段引入到我国城市规划及设计的工作中去,为城市规划师和政府管理者提供一些辅助决策的参考依据,以使我国的城市建设科学高效地可持续发展。

A Recycling Agriculture Model Based on Edible Fungi Cultivation

[Objective]This study was to explore the model for the efficient utilization of agricultural resources,especially crop straw and livestock waste.[Methods]With Shandong Jiufa Edible Fungus Co.,Ltd.as a case,this paper described a recycling agriculture model based on edible fungi,and analyzed its economic,ecological and social benefit [Results]The recycling agriculture model,guided by the scale production,processing and vendition of medium for the culture edible fungi,mainly makes use of a large amount of agriculture wastes like wheat straw,livestock waste,for developing edible fungi industry,aiming at getting the intensive optimization of fund,technology,raw materials and products at village level and more surplus labors engaged in edible fungi production industry into reality.Moreover,this model provides multi-solutions to the utilization of a great deal of fungus dreg,which can not only solve the problem of fungus dreg generated in the edible fungi production,but also extend industrial chain and enhance the income of practitioners,further realizing maximum conversion of agricultural resources.[Conclusion]This model can make well use of agricultural resources and reduce the agricultural waste pollution,significantly increasing economic,ecological and social benefits.

A discussion on compensation of forest ecological engineering benefit

On the basis of analysis of the present situation of the ecological benefit compensation in China and foreign countries, this paper discusses the necessity, principle and approach of establishing the compensation mechanism of forest ecological benefit, as well as compensation standard in order to provide scientific basis for further perfecting the compensation mechanism of forest ecological engineering benefit in China. It is suggested that setting up the compensation mechanism of forest ecological benefit can not only provide the steady funds source of managing and protecting forest resources, but resolve radically the dynamic and mechanism problems of commonweal forest ecological engineering construction, which will produce a widespread and profound influence on China forestry and ecological construction.

Analysis on Ecological Benefits of Urban Wetlands and Protection Measures with a Case of Nansha Wetland

Nansha wetland plays a crucial role in ecological balance of the Pearl River Delta or even Guangzhou. The research, based on researches available, analyzed ecological benefits of Nansha wetland and proposed protection measures in order to better protect urban wetlands and achieve sustainable development of ecological resources of Nansha wetland.

A Comparative Study on Pattern of Urban Forest Patch and Its Ecological Benefit Evaluation in the Park of Hefei Based on the GIS Technology

Based on the GIS technology, CITYgreen computer model was used in this paper to estimate ecological benefits of urban forest in the park of Hefei city.It used this technology to make an analysis on urban forest ecological benefits. The research discussed how to use the technology of CITYgreen model developed in USA to account urban forest benefits in China. The results showed that forests in Xiaoyao Jin Park occupied about 52.62% of park land area and Xinghua Park13.00% respectively, indicating that Xiaoyaojin Park is dominated by large trees such as arbors, and Xinghua Park dominated by laws, with low coverage. Besides,the comprehensive eco-benefits of Xiaoyaojin Park and Xinghua Park were 5.150 3and 1.354 3 million yuan and per unit area eco-benefits were 144 000 and 47 400yuan/hm^2, which indicated that Xiaoyaojin Park makes the greatest contribution in ecological benefits.

The Landscape Design of Roads Afforestation of Jiangnan New District in Mudanjiang Municipality

Based on road characters in Jiangnan New District in Mudanjiang Municipality,four typical roads were selected to carry out road afforestation design with consideration of local building features and local vegetations,in order to integrate both of landscape effects,in terms of improving and beautifying city environment,and of ecological effects,such as filtering air,reducing temperature,increasing humidity,and reducing noise.

Designand development of highway tunnel maintenance and management system

In order to solve the urgent problem of how to manage and sustain highway tunnels with advanced information technology with the background of the rapid development in the modem traffic, and achieve the cost- effectiveness optimal principle objectives under the premise of guaranteeing a smooth flow of traffic; a highway tunnel maintenance and management system framework and the key modules were proposed. First, the determined highway tunnel condition assessment index system was established according to the result of expert consulting forms. Secondly, the tunnel diseases, the corresponding maintenance measurements, and many-to-many relationship between diseases and maintenance measurements were introduced. Then, three kinds of 0-1 integer programming models were built according to different tunnel operators＇ needs in the optimization decision module. Finally, the further development and implementation of the system was prospected. The research results can provide references to tunnel researchers and managers.

Ecological and Economic Benefits of Vegetation Management Measures in Citrus Orchards on Red Soils

A three-year experiment was conducted to investigate and compare the economic and ecological benefits of six types of vegetation management measures in citrus orchards of the hilly red soil region of the eastern part of China.Six vegetation treatments,including tillage without herbicide(clean tillage)and no tillage without herbicide(sod culture) and with herbicide paraquat(paraquat),glyphosate(glyphosate),glyphosate-glyphosate-paraquat(G-G-P),and paraquat- paraquat-glyphosate(P-P-G),were applied in the citrus orchards on a clayey red soil with slopes of 8°and 13°and a sandy soil with slope of 25°.The results showed that the sod culture,paraquat,glyphosate,G-G-P,and P-P-G treatments reduced surface runoff by 38.8%,42.5%,18.7%,28.7%,and 37.5%,then the soil-water losses by 55.5%,51.7%,39.9%,46.8%, and 50.0%,and the N,P,and K nutrient losses by 60.3%,50.2%,37.0%,41.8%,and 45.4%,respectively,as compared with the clean tillage treatment.The weed regeneration ratios with the treatments of clean tillage without herbicide,paraquat, glyphosate,G-G-P,and P-P-G were reduced by 55.1%,67.2%,30.3%,36.8%,and 51.2%,respectively,as compared with the sod culture.The sod culture,paraquat,glyphosate,G-G-P,and P-P-G treatments could increase the soil fertility (annual accumulation of N,P,K,and OM)by 7.1%,6.9%,5.3%,6.2%,and 6.6%,respectively,whereas the clean tillage treatment without herbicide reduced soil fertility by 4.4% after the three-year experiment.The citrus fruit yields in the treatments of paraquat,glyphosate,G-G-P,and P-P-G increased by 7%-10%;the soluble solid,total sugar,total acidity,sugar-acid ratio,and single fruit weight of citrus fruits of all treatments except sod culture significantly(P>0.05) exceeded that of the clean tillage treatment.In general,the paraquat treatment showed the best economic and ecological benefits among the six treatments;therefore,it could be regarded as the best available vegetation management measure in citrus orchards of hilly red soil region to retain water and soil,enhance soil fertility,and improve the yield and quality of citrus.

From Less or No Waste Manufacturing and Cleaner Production to Recycle Economy -- A Review on the Theoretical Research and Practice of Ecological Enterprises in China

Based on systematical research on the conception evolution of ecological enterprise, theoretical and practical development of constructing ecological enterprise, the paper makes conclusion that ecological enter- prises are developing into a new stage in which governments are launching some pilot projects about construct- ing ecological enterprises. And after that, governments should make policies to spread construction of ecological enterprises, to construct ecological enterprises in legal system and conforming to the standard as soon as possibly. So that, the basic units of ecological economy that fit to the conditions of China will be set up.

Land Use Change During 1960～2000 Period and itsEco-environmental Effects in the Middle and UpperReaches of the Yangtze River:a Case Study in YiliangCounty,Yunnan,China

Land use/land cover change (LUCC) is a focus of the research of global environmental changes. The middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River, which are the most ecologically fragile mountainous area in China as well as one of the areas in China with most notable LUCC, have been on the Chinese Government's list of priority areas for ecological restoration. This paper is to reveal the trend of LUCC and the ecological degradation arising from it, and to provide a basis for the future sustainable use of land resources in the region based on a detailed analysis of Yiliang County. Based on the county's land use/cover maps in 1960, 1980 and 2000 drawn with the aid of aerial photograph interpretation, field investigation and GIS based spatial-temporal data analysis, LUCC during 1960~2000 period and the ecological degradation arising from it were analyzed. Using the Markv model, the paper brings out a forecast of what the county's LUCC would be like if the county's current land use continues, as well as the reasons and countermeasures for restoring degraded ecosystems.

Comprehensive Evaluation of Large Infrastructure Project Plan with ANP

Analytic Network Process(ANP) was used in comprehensive evaluation of large infrastructure project plan. An model including social economy, ecological environment and resources was established with ANP method. The evaluation pattern of hierarchy structure and comprehensive evaluation method for quantity and quality of large infrastructure project were put forward, which provides an effective way to evaluate the large infrastructure project plan. Quantitative analysis indicated that the internal dependence relation of hierarchy structure has influence on ranking results of plan. It is suggested that considering the internal relation can helps managers make effective decisions.

Dynamics of Communal Land Degradation and Its Implications in the Arid Mountains of Pakistan:A Study of District Karak, Khyber Pakhtunkuwa

Similar to other areas of Pakistan, land resources in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa(KP) is kept under various ownership regimes for socio-economic and ecological benefits. For the last three to four decades, communal lands and resources are subjected to high rate of degradation and deterioration, which is leading to multifarious socio-economical and ecological implications. This paper intends to look into factors that are responsible for the degradation of communal land and the adaptability of the management mechanisms developed by the local inhabitants to conserve these resources. Moreover, this study also explores the sustainability of these adopted strategies in present circumstances. Data regarding socio-economic parameters of the inhabitants and their interactions with communal lands were collected through questionnaire cum interview method. As long-term climatic data for the area do not exist therefore focus group discussions were conducted to document the changing trend in rainfall regimes and temperature variations for the last about four decades. Results indicate that communal lands are highly vulnerable to degradation due to biophysical and anthropogenic factors. Local inhabitants have developed suitable measures to control the situation, however, accelerated socioeconomic transformations in the area have weakened the role of local institutions and that led to further degradation of these resources. Nevertheless, a number of locally formulated rules have been revived and implemented and it is hoped that these threatened resources would be conserved.

Research on the Knowledge System Framework of Eco-industrial Engineering

With intensified contradiction between the rapid devel- opment of modem industry and the carrying capacity of natural environment, coordinating the relationship between economic benefits and ecological benefits is a significant issue to be solved for modem industrial engineering. This paper firstly conducts the comparative analysis between traditional and ecological industry as well as traditional and modem industrial engineering, and in- dicates that eco-industrial engineering is an inevitable choice for sustainable development of modem industrial engineering; Then, based on industrial ecology, environmental economics and sustain- able development theory, the connotation and definition of eco- industrial engineering are proposed, and the theoretical and practi- cal development of the concepts of eco-industrial engineering are further investigated. Furthermore, the research subject, research content, academic system architecture and evaluation methods of eco-industrial engineering are discussed. Finally, combining the current scientific and technological development, we put forward the important scientific value and practical significance of con- structing eco-industrial engineering for the utilization of these concepts.

Study on Planning an Ecological Stormwater Regulation System Based on Low Impact Development Mode： A Case Study in China

This paper sets Chaihu Town, Zhongxiang City of Hubei Province as an example, analyzing the ecological and hydrological conditions of Chaihu Town, applying LID （low impact development） mode and putting forward the ecological stormwater regulation system planning strategy which adapts to the development of small towns. The main conclusions are as follows： （1） The ＂three-low＂ development mode is put forward, which means low impact, low cost and low carbon, using this construction mode to minimize the ecological impact, relying on natural green space and water to achieve the function of rainstorm regulation; （2） Through the analysis and calculation of the local amount of precipitation, this paper scientifically calculates the required area of storage water and green space, taking the roads as trunks, green spaces as stems, water as veins, and building the green infrastructure system; （3） The author has been repairing and integrating the original drainage ditches of the planning area, replacing traditional rain drainage pipes, establishing ＂two-loop＂ water network system which aims at the detention and purification of rainwater, maximizing ecological benefit, economic benefit and landscape benefit.

Analysis on Comprehensive Benefits of a Company Planting Banana on Rented Lands

A comprehensive evaluation is made in this article On the ec-benefit, social benefit, and economic benefit form banana planting of a company in three planting bases in Xinping County. Before the banana is planted, the land is classified into Sloppy land, woodland and amble land We earefidly study the three types of land, analyze the various effects and benefits made by banana planting on these types of land, and make a eomprehensive, comment.

Open pit limit optimization considering economic profit,ecological costs and social benefits

Pit limit design has,up to date,focused mainly on maximization of economic profit alone,with environmental and social issues largely ignored.This paper focuses on incorporating both environmental and social issues in the pit limit design process and provides an approach to pit limit optimization that is in compliance with sustainable development.The case study demonstrates that ecological costs have a substantial down-sizing effect and social benefits have a substantial up-sizing effect on the optimal pit limit.When the ecological costs are factored in,the optimal pit limit is 37.5%smaller than the economically optimal pit limit.However,when the social benefits are factored in,the optimal pit limit is 48.3%larger than the economically optimal one.The overall optimal pit limit,with the economic profit,ecological costs and social benefits simultaneously considered,is a result of balancing conflicting goals of maximizing economic profit,minimizing ecological cost,and maximizing social benefit.

Utilization of Waste Cooking Oil as Diesel Fuel and Improvement in Combustion and Emission

Due to high price of Straight Vegetable Oil （SVO） for bio-diesel production, the use of Waste Cooking Oil （WCO） will be cost effective. Furthermore, utilization of WCO will refrain waterways pollution and endanger ecosystem. In Malaysia, more than 50-tone of WCO from various sources was produced every day. This study evaluates combustion performance and exhaust emission characteristics of several WCOs with different sources. Modification on fuel properties has been done to improve the combustion and exhaust emission of using WCO as diesel fuel. Regular diesel fuel also has been used for comparison in the test. A 0.6 liter, single-cylinder, air-cooled direct injection diesel engine was used to perform this experiment. Experiment was done at variable engine loads at constant speed.

Statistical Modeling of the High Altitude Platform Dual-Polarized MIMO Propagation Channel

In order to investigate the benefit of multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) technique applying to the high altitude platform(HAP), a 2×2 MIMO statistical model, which can accurately describe the channel between HAP and high-speed train, is presented. And dual polarization diversity is particularly considered. Based on first-order three-state Markov chain, the single-input single-output(SISO) channel, a subset of the MIMO channel is first established. The ray tracing approach applied to the digital relief model(DRM) which covers the railway between Xi'an and Zhengzhou is used to obtain the state probability vector and matrix of the state transition probability. The proposed model considers both Doppler shift and temporal correlation, and the polarization correlation and spatial correlation statistical properties of large-scale fading and smallscale fading are analyzed. Moreover, useful numerical results on the MIMO HAP channel outage capacity are provided based on which, significant capacity gains with respect to the conventional SISO case are illustrated. Such statistical channel model can be applied to the future wireless communication system between HAP and high-speed train.

Evolution of microstructure in semi-solid slurries of rheocast aluminum alloy

Semi-solid metal processing is being developed in die casting applications to give several cost benefits. To efficiently apply this emerging technology, it is important to understand the evolution of microstructure in semi-solid slurries for the control of the theological behavior in semi-solid state. An experimental apparatus was developed which can capture the grain structure at different times at early stages to understand how the semi-solid structure evolves. In this technique, semi-solid slurry was produced by injecting fine gas bubbles into the melt through a graphite diffuser during solidification. Then, a copper quenching mold was used to draw some semi-solid slurry into a thin channel. The semi-solid slurry was then rapidly frozen in the channel giving the microstructure of the slurry at the desired time. Samples of semi-solid 356 aluminum alloy were taken at different gas injection times of 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 35, 40, and 45 s. Analysis of the microstructure suggests that the fragmentation by remelting mechanism should be responsible for the formation of globular structure in this rheocasting process.

Analysis and evaluation of the economic benefits of tourism under the ecological context

Tourism is the product of social and economic development to a certain historical stage, while in tum the development of tourism on the social, economic and cultural have a greater impact, these effects have both positive side and negative side, but overall, the positive side is much larger than the negative side. Correct understanding of the positive impact of tourism for the economic and social development, culture can produce efforts to contain the negative impact of tourism, and it may bring to achieving sustainable tourism development, which is of great significance.