A practical approach is presented to enlarge the recoverable scope and improve the precision of pattern recovery. To specify both structural aspects and behavioral aspects of design patterns, we introduce traditional ...A practical approach is presented to enlarge the recoverable scope and improve the precision of pattern recovery. To specify both structural aspects and behavioral aspects of design patterns, we introduce traditional predicate logic combined with Alien's interval-based temporal logic as our theoretical foundation. Moreover, we take the Visitor pattern as an example to illustrate how to specify design patterns to support recovery of design patterns besides structural category. The experimental results show that the approach presented is practical for recovering design information of real world systems.展开更多
Competence and performance is an important pair of concepts in linguistics. Ever since their originality, they have aroused sufficient attention of the linguists. Many linguists have contributed a lot in their attempt...Competence and performance is an important pair of concepts in linguistics. Ever since their originality, they have aroused sufficient attention of the linguists. Many linguists have contributed a lot in their attempt to illustrate the concepts and clarification of them. A proper understanding of them can help the readers to gain more insight into the linguistics. What the linguist, Chomsky, originally meant by using competence and performance is somewhat different from what the current linguists mean by using them. The distance and distinction between competence and performance meant by Chomsky is also different from that meant by current linguists. That＇s to say there is some development of competence and performance since they were put forward. The shift is a gradual one, yet a very significant one. It reflects the linguists＇ effort to try to describe and categorize language learners＇ ability and their attempt to make use of them and measure them. This process actually narrows the distance and gap not only between theory and practice, but also between competence and performance. And at the same time, it reflects the linguists＇ frustration and confusion caused by the abstraction and complexity of them. By consulting the literature, the paper tries to follow their development step by step. The paper also points out some assumptions used by linguists when applying competence and performance. At the end of paper, it points out some implications to language teaching, which is important to language teachers and learners.展开更多
Modality as a major exponent of interpersonal relations has been extensively studied. It is mostly studied in a highly individual centered view that individual speakers and their relations to one another are central, ...Modality as a major exponent of interpersonal relations has been extensively studied. It is mostly studied in a highly individual centered view that individual speakers and their relations to one another are central, and social relations are built up through the linguistic interactions of speakers. In most case, a modal verb expresses the speaker＇s or the author＇s attitude at the time of speaking. So, it is very necessary that we learn the meaning of the modal verbs in translation. This paper talked about the modality, the types of modality, modal commitment and finally the meaning of the modal verbs in translation.展开更多
John Gumperz(University of California):迄今为上的大部分发言人采取了提出各种不同的可能的理论角度(theoreticalapproaches)—一或按有些人所说的“由上而下”(top-down)的角度—-来对待语用学.如果我们想寻找某种能统一我们大家的...John Gumperz(University of California):迄今为上的大部分发言人采取了提出各种不同的可能的理论角度(theoreticalapproaches)—一或按有些人所说的“由上而下”(top-down)的角度—-来对待语用学.如果我们想寻找某种能统一我们大家的统一性(unity),也许还有一种大家愿意采用的策略:你对于资料(data)的着眼点(orientation)是什么?我们在研究的到底是什么?从这次会议反映的情况来看,我们可以明显地看出二个(也许是三个)展开更多
In consideration of the confused debates about the value of nominalization, this paper tries to explore the original generation of nominalization and analyze its use in poetry. This paper attempts to explore the gener...In consideration of the confused debates about the value of nominalization, this paper tries to explore the original generation of nominalization and analyze its use in poetry. This paper attempts to explore the generation of nominalization from a comprehensive point of view, to distinguish between ＂primary nominalization＂ and ＂ideological nominalization＂, to trace the root of primary nominalization, and to analyze the use of primary nominalization in poetry. Based on these analyses, this paper points out that primary nominalization in poetry is more consonant with the Green grammar, with the undivided, holistic ecological worldview and has ecological significance. However, the ideological nominalization in some other nonliterary formal style is an obstacle to the solution to environment problem, and so we should understand the function of nominalization with its contexts and pay more attention to poetic language.展开更多
文摘A practical approach is presented to enlarge the recoverable scope and improve the precision of pattern recovery. To specify both structural aspects and behavioral aspects of design patterns, we introduce traditional predicate logic combined with Alien's interval-based temporal logic as our theoretical foundation. Moreover, we take the Visitor pattern as an example to illustrate how to specify design patterns to support recovery of design patterns besides structural category. The experimental results show that the approach presented is practical for recovering design information of real world systems.
文摘Competence and performance is an important pair of concepts in linguistics. Ever since their originality, they have aroused sufficient attention of the linguists. Many linguists have contributed a lot in their attempt to illustrate the concepts and clarification of them. A proper understanding of them can help the readers to gain more insight into the linguistics. What the linguist, Chomsky, originally meant by using competence and performance is somewhat different from what the current linguists mean by using them. The distance and distinction between competence and performance meant by Chomsky is also different from that meant by current linguists. That＇s to say there is some development of competence and performance since they were put forward. The shift is a gradual one, yet a very significant one. It reflects the linguists＇ effort to try to describe and categorize language learners＇ ability and their attempt to make use of them and measure them. This process actually narrows the distance and gap not only between theory and practice, but also between competence and performance. And at the same time, it reflects the linguists＇ frustration and confusion caused by the abstraction and complexity of them. By consulting the literature, the paper tries to follow their development step by step. The paper also points out some assumptions used by linguists when applying competence and performance. At the end of paper, it points out some implications to language teaching, which is important to language teachers and learners.
文摘Modality as a major exponent of interpersonal relations has been extensively studied. It is mostly studied in a highly individual centered view that individual speakers and their relations to one another are central, and social relations are built up through the linguistic interactions of speakers. In most case, a modal verb expresses the speaker＇s or the author＇s attitude at the time of speaking. So, it is very necessary that we learn the meaning of the modal verbs in translation. This paper talked about the modality, the types of modality, modal commitment and finally the meaning of the modal verbs in translation.
文摘John Gumperz(University of California):迄今为上的大部分发言人采取了提出各种不同的可能的理论角度(theoreticalapproaches)—一或按有些人所说的“由上而下”(top-down)的角度—-来对待语用学.如果我们想寻找某种能统一我们大家的统一性(unity),也许还有一种大家愿意采用的策略:你对于资料(data)的着眼点(orientation)是什么?我们在研究的到底是什么?从这次会议反映的情况来看,我们可以明显地看出二个(也许是三个)
文摘In consideration of the confused debates about the value of nominalization, this paper tries to explore the original generation of nominalization and analyze its use in poetry. This paper attempts to explore the generation of nominalization from a comprehensive point of view, to distinguish between ＂primary nominalization＂ and ＂ideological nominalization＂, to trace the root of primary nominalization, and to analyze the use of primary nominalization in poetry. Based on these analyses, this paper points out that primary nominalization in poetry is more consonant with the Green grammar, with the undivided, holistic ecological worldview and has ecological significance. However, the ideological nominalization in some other nonliterary formal style is an obstacle to the solution to environment problem, and so we should understand the function of nominalization with its contexts and pay more attention to poetic language.
