奥曲肽不同给药方式治疗急性胰腺炎临床疗效观察

目的:探讨奥曲肽不同给药方式治疗急性胰腺炎的疗效。方法:收治急性胰腺炎患者62例,随机分成A组和B组两组,每组各31例,A组微量输液泵持续12小时,B组用奥曲肽静滴1小时滴完。结果:A组淀粉酶恢复时间6.1±1.9天,腹痛消失时间6.4±2.1天,并发症发生4例,并发症发生率12.9%,住院天数23.6±6.6天,死亡0例;B组淀粉酶恢复时间6.3±2.2天,腹痛消失时间7.1±2.4天,并发症发生6例,并发症发生率19.4%,住院天数28.6±7.5天,死亡0例,A组淀粉酶恢复时间、腹痛消失时间、并发症发生率和住院时间均比B组短,但组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:奥曲肽连续静脉输注法治疗急性胰腺炎疗效优于间歇静脉输注法。

甲氧氯普胺对吗啡依赖性的影响

目的:观察甲氧氯普胺对离体豚鼠回肠吗啡戒断收缩和吗啡精神依赖性的影响。方法:离休豚鼠回肠吗啡戒断收缩实验和吗啡诱导小鼠位置偏爱实验。结果:(1)离休豚鼠回肠吗啡依赖实验显示:250-500μmol·L^(-1)甲氧氯普胺可显著抑制离体豚鼠回肠吗啡依赖的形成和纳洛酮促发的戒断收缩,作用呈剂量依赖性;(2)甲氧氯普胺的剂量大于10(10-40)mg·kg^(-1)(ip),可有效抑制吗啡诱导的小鼠条件性位置偏爱的形成,而其本身并不造成位置厌恶。结论:甲氧氯普胺对吗啡身体依赖的形成、戒断症状以及精神依赖的形成均有一定的抑制作用。

吗啡诱导大鼠眶额叶皮质γ振荡活动降低

目的评价吗啡对大鼠眶额叶皮质γ振荡活动的影响。方法吗啡腹腔给药(一天2次，连续6d)诱导明显戒断症状；同时采用在自由活动的大鼠上进行电生理信号记录与分析技术，动态检测不同剂量吗啡急性给药后眶额叶皮质γ振荡活动的变化。结果急性吗啡给药诱导大鼠眶额叶皮质γ振荡功率剂量依赖性降低；当吗啡剂量恒定时，γ振荡功率降低的幅度明显放缓。结论急性吗啡给药可通过削弱眶额叶皮质γ振荡活动损害相关认知功能，并且γ振荡功率可作为检测进行性吗啡耐受的一个电生理指标。

Acute Toxicity Test of Qiangli Bupi Paste

[Objective] The toxicity of Qiangli Bupi Paste was investigated, to provide a test basis for its further development and safe use. [Method] Forty Kunming mice, half male and half female, were selected and divided into the CK group and the Qiangli Bupi Paste group, each of which included 20 mice. The acute toxicity of Qiangli Bupi Paste was observed by the maximum administration dosage method. No mice and abnormal response were observed within 14 d in various groups. The tested animals were also subjected to anatomical observation. [Result] All the tested animals survived in the test, and behaved normally, with glossy hair. Their body weights accorded with the growth regularity. During the anatomy, no important vis- ceral organs showed pathological changes, and there were no significant differences in body weight between the two groups before administration, on the 7~ after ad- ministration and the 14 d after administration （P〉0.05）. [Conclusion] In the acute toxicity test of Qiangli Bupi Paste, the maximum administration dosage was 48 g/kg （equivalent to 96 times of the daily dose of adult in clinic）, and no obvious toxic response was observed.

TREATMENT OF 100 CASES OF ACUTE URTICARIA WITH ELECTROACUPUNCTURE

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of clinical treatment of acute urticaria chiefly by electroacupuncture (EA). Methods: A total of 180 outpatients with acute urticaria were randomized into treatment group and control group. 100 cases in the treatment group were treated with EA at Quchi (曲池 LI 11) and Xuehai (血海 SP 10) as the main points which were supplemented with Dazhui (大椎 GV 14), Fengchi (风池 GB 20), Geshu (膈俞 BL 17), Pishu (脾俞 BL 20), etc. 80 cases in the control group were managed by chlorpheniramine maleate and Vitamin C. Results: After 3 days’ treatment, of the 100 and 80 cases in treatment and control groups, 79 and 53 were cured, 10 and 6 markedly effective, 5 and 8 effective, and 6 and 13 failed, with the effective rates being 94.00% and 83.75% respectively. The therapeutic effect of electroacupunture was significantly superior to that of medication(P<0.05). Conclusion: The method of electroacupuncture at Quchi (曲池 LI 11), Xuehai (血海 SP 10),etc. was a more effective therapy for acute urticaria.

甲基苯丙胺对大鼠外周器官的毒性作用

目的:研究甲基苯丙胺(MA)对大鼠心脏、肝脏和肾脏的毒性损伤以及氧化应激在其中的作用。方法:大鼠进行急性MA(10 mg·kg^(-1))给药,每天给药2次,4天后处死,测量心脏、肝脏、肾脏重量;运用HE染色对各器官组织进行形态学观察;检测血清中丙二醛(MDA)以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的含量。结果:急性高剂量MA给药造成大鼠心脏和肾脏的膨大,肝脏细胞排列紊乱;引起心肌组织细胞纤维化、水肿、变性等;肾小球呈现萎缩、肾小管变性退化;同时,器官损伤伴随MDA含量显著上升和SOD活性显著下降(p<0.01)。结论:急性高剂量MA给药引起大鼠心脏、肾脏和肝脏明显毒性损伤,并伴随氧化应激水平的增高。

长期鞘内输注吗啡后在猪脊髓的分布

背景鞘内持续药物输注为脊髓靶控长期给药提供了新的方法，但其疗效并不确切。采用急性猪模型的前期研究已表明：由于脑脊液和脊髓中药物分布非常有限，持续鞘内给药疗效不稳定。本研究目的是观察急性给药时有限的药物分布是否在慢性模型中仍然存在。方法4头圈养猪，植入鞘内输注泵，泵注吗啡20μl／h（1mg／ml）。由于程序错误，另有1头猪泵注吗啡剂量为2μl／h。持续泵注14天，给药期间动物活动不受限。给药结束时，麻醉并处死动物采集脊髓，制备1cm厚度切片，测定吗啡含量。结果与前期急性动物模型研究结果相似，吗啡药物分布相当局限。随着与导管尖端距离增加，吗啡含量呈指数级减少，远离5—10cm，即减少5～10倍。结论活动不受限的猪，长期鞘内输注吗啡后其分布局限，且远离输注点吗啡含量呈梯度下降。故导管尖端的位置非常重要，尤其在输注等比重液体时。因为药物分布受限可导致局部药物浓度过高，长期鞘内输注阿片类药可并发导管尖端局部炎症。