腹腔镜探查与开腹探查在腹部急症手术中的应用效果分析

目的探讨腹腔镜探查与传统开腹探查在普外科腹部急症诊断与治疗中的价值及各自优缺点。方法将2008年6月至2012年9月行手术治疗的急腹症患者65例随机分成2组:腹腔镜组(n=35)和开腹组(n=30)。对照2组的临床资料进行回顾性分析和对照性研究。结果 2组确诊率、阳性探查率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但手术时间、肛门排气排便、术后腹痛消失时间、住院时间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论急诊腹腔镜探查术不仅能提高腹部疑难急症的确诊率、降低剖腹探查阴性率,而且还是安全有效的治疗方法。与传统开腹探查相比有创伤小、术后康复快、并发症少及住院时间短等优点。

Planned second-look laparoscopy in the management of acute mesenteric ischemia

AIM： To investigate the role of second-look laparoscopy in patients with acute mesenteric ischemia （AMI）. METHODS： Between January 2000 and November 2005, 71 patients were operated for the treatment of AMI. The indications for a second-look were low flow state, bowel resection and anastomosis or mesenteric thromboembolectomy performed during the first operation. Regardless of the clinical course of patients, the second-look laparoscopic examination was performed 72 h post-operatively at the bed side in the ICU or operating room. RESULTS： The average time of admission to the hospital after the initation of syrnptoms was 3 d （range, 5 h-9 d）. In 14 patients, laparotomy was performed. In 11 patients, small and/or large bowel necrosis was detected and initial resection and anastomosis were conducted. A low flow state was observed in two patients and superior mesenteric artery thromboembolectomy with small bowel resection was performed in one patient. In 13 patients, a second-look laparoscopic examination revealed normal bowel viability, but in one patient, intestinal necrosis was detected. In two of the patients, a third operation was necessary to correct anastomotic leakage. The overall complication rate was 42.8%, and in-hospital mortality rate was 57.1% （n = 6）. CONCLUSION： Second-look laparoscopy is a minimally invasive, technically simple procedure that is performed for diagnostic as well as therapeutic purposes. The simplicity and ease of this method may encourage wider application to benefit more patients. However, the timing of a second-look procedure is unclear particularly in a patient with anastomosis.

Expression of intestinal mucosa tight junctions claudin proteins and mRNA in patients with irritable bowel syndrome

Objective：To investigate the changes of intestinal mucosa tight junctions （TJs） claudin-1, -3, -4 proteins and mRNA changes in patients with irritable bowel syndrome （IBS） and to elucidate their possible roles in the changes of bowel evacuation habit and formation. Methods： Claudin-1, -3, -4 proteins and mRNA were evaluated in intestinal mucosa in control group, D-IBS （diarrhea IBS） group and C-IBS （constipation IBS） group with immunohistochemical assay and Realtime-PCR. Results： It was observed that claudin-1, -3, -4 proteins were localized in the membranes of epithelial cells along the entire length of the plasma membrane including the apical end of the epithelial cells. The elaudins were concentrated at the site of TJs only. Claudin-1, 3, -4 mRNA and claudin-1 protein in small intestinal mucosa and colonal mucous in D-IBS group were significantly downregulated （P〈0.05）. Claudin-1, -3, -4 mRNA and proteins in small intestinal mucosa and colonal mucous in C-IBS group were significantly upregulated （P〈0. 05）. There was no significant difference in the expression of claudin-3 protein in both small intestinal mueosa and colonal mucous between D-IBS group and control group（P〉0.05）. Similarly, no significantly different expression of claudin-4 protein in colonal mucous in D-IBS group was found compared with control group （P〉0.05）. Otherwise, the expression of claudin 4 protein in small intestinal mucosa decreased in D-IBS group （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Claudin-1, -3, -4 may play a potential important role in the changes of bowel evacuation habit and formation in patients with IBS. It is not due to the localization changes of claudin proteins in TJ, but may be caused by the quantitative changes of the expression of TJ proteins and mRNA.

Acute chylous peritonitis due to acute pancreatitis

We report a case of acute chylous ascites formation presenting as peritonitis(acute chylous peritonitis) in a patient suffering from acute pancreatitis due to hypertriglyceridemia and alcohol abuse.The development of chylous ascites is usually a chronic process mostly involving malignancy,trauma or surgery,and symptoms arise as a result of progressive abdominal distention.However,when accumulation of "chyle" occurs rapidly,the patient may present with signs of peritonitis.Preoperative diagnosis is difficult since the clinical picture usually suggests hollow organ perforation,appendicitis or visceral ischemia.Less than 100 cases of acute chylous peritonitis have been reported.Pancreatitis is a rare cause of chyloperitoneum and in almost all of the cases chylous ascites is discovered some days(or even weeks) after the onset of symptoms of pancreatitis.This is the second case in the literature where the patient presented with acute chylous peritonitis due to acute pancreatitis,and the presence of chyle within the abdominal cavity was discovered simultaneously with the establishment of the diagnosis of pancreatitis.The patient underwent an exploratory laparotomy for suspected perforated duodenal ulcer,since,due to hypertriglyceridemia,serum amylase values appeared within the normal range.Moreover,abdominal computed tomography imaging was not diagnostic for pancreatitis.Following abdominal lavage and drainage,the patient was successfully treated with total parenteral nutrition and octreotide.