藏传佛教宁玛派“俄巴”的生产性仪式研究

宁玛派"俄巴"是藏传佛教领域比较特殊的群体,他们既在固定宗教场所从事宗教活动,扮演宗教师的角色,又结婚生子,从事日常生产劳动以养家糊口,并且参加社区的政治、经济、文化方面的各种活动,与普通百姓关系密切。文章以田野调查的民族志资料为基础,结合相关藏文文献资料,对宁玛派"俄巴"的防雹、祈雨、保护农牧业丰收、防止家畜疾病等诸多生产性宗教仪式进行了研究,认为这些仪式对于促进生态平衡,保持人与自然和谐具有一定的意义。

作为策略性仪式的新闻透明性:一种新职业规范的兴起、实践与争议

随着数字新闻业的发展,透明性作为一种重要的职业规范正在新闻业界得到一定程度的贯彻,也激起了新闻学者们的研究兴趣。在新闻透明性从理念向实践的转化过程中,新闻应该如何透明成为必须厘清的问题。本文将以“策略性仪式”为核心概念,结合现有研究文献讨论透明性如何应用于新闻实践并成为新闻生产中的惯例,以及实践中的透明性与透明性理念的差异,从而更深入地理解工作中的透明性(transparency at work),推动新闻透明性在理论层面的进一步探讨与反思。

高校通过性仪式的思想政治教育功能探析

高校通过性仪式,蕴含丰富的内涵与特征,是指在高校这个特定的地域,为庆祝参与主体地位或者状态的转变而举行的仪式。高校通过性仪式,具有确认学生新身份、唤起学生信仰、增强学生集体意识以及升华学生情感的思想政治教育功能,对于促进学生精神文化水平与思想政治素质的提高具有重要作用。推动高校通过性仪式思想政治教育功能的实现,要倡导仪式形式的传承与创新、注重仪式氛围的营造、强调仪式参与者主体性的发挥。

数字编辑室中的新闻“整合”——基于“策略性仪式”的新闻生产实践考察

“报道”与“整合”一直是新闻生产的两种基本方式,传统上报道居于核心地位,而整合则被视为边缘化的“二阶新闻工作”,两者呈现出一定程度上的对立和紧张关系。数字时代,主流媒体机构开始对整合持更为开放的态度,整合与报道之间的界线日益模糊。本文通过对一家省级新闻客户端S新闻的田野调查发现,互联网环境下整合新闻已经不再局限于对二手信息的聚合与呈现,而是积极调用和改造了包括“第二落点”、同行消息来源、远程采访、信源核验等在内的报道常规,形成强化其职业合法性的“策略性仪式”,在数字新闻生产中日益“正常化”。然而,整合也加深了媒体间内容上的相互依赖,进一步加剧了新媒体平台上内容生产同质化、碎片化和深度缺失的问题。在数字新闻生产场域中,需要整体上对新闻工作“再定义”,探索更为开放的、建构主义的内容生产模式,并建立稳定的工作常规和价值规范。

作为一种“策略性仪式”的信源——基于对《中国新闻周刊》社会治安报道的考察

本文通过对2007-2011年《中国新闻周刊》“社会治安报道”的抽样考察，发现使用信源业已成为新闻专业主认的重要表征；但同时，大量与新闻事实呈现弱关联甚至完全没有关联的专家信源与匿名信源的存在，也使这一做法具有蜕变为“策略性仪式”的可能。

人情关系中互动仪式的运用模式

民族志研究发现,表达性的互动仪式随着关系的疏远变得越来越弱;然而工具性的互动仪式却随着关系的亲疏展现出了"少-多-少"的模式,在"亲关系"中比较少,在"中关系"中比较多,在"疏关系"中又比较少被使用。

抓痕障碍

抓痕障碍也被称为皮肤搔抓障碍(SPD)、抠皮障碍等。患者常以反复搔抓皮肤而造成皮损为主要特点,自觉明显痛苦,并试图停止搔抓,又难以有效自控。患者常羞于承认搔抓行为而不愿就医,即使就医可能也多因皮损就诊于皮肤科。研究发现,遗传、压力及创伤等因素均可能与搔抓障碍的发生有关。通常情况下,搔抓行为多发生在独处或只有家人在场的环境下,搔抓可以是无意识的。搔抓前后常伴强迫性仪式动作(强迫性仪式动作是一套重复刻板的相互联系的动作。此种仪式性动作往往对患者有特殊的意义,如果不做到则焦虑不安),比如用手指搓揉已经抠下的皮肤。部分患者在搔抓后感到焦虑情绪得到缓解,进一步可能出现羞愧、尴尬感受。

作为过渡仪礼的葬礼——云南巍山坝区汉族丧葬习俗调查分析

中国民俗学者一直偏重从民俗的角度看待丧葬活动,而在西方民俗学家看来,丧葬活动不仅仅是一种民俗现象,它还是一种仪礼或仪式,他们的研究一方面促进了民俗类型学研究的发展,另一方面还为丧葬活动的结构分析和意义、功能解释提供了新的途径。本文以云南巍山坝区汉族丧葬习俗为对象,尝试用"过渡仪礼"理论分析其结构特征与仪式的功能、意义,同时希望通过这种分析了解,从习俗视角到仪礼或仪式视角,这种转变对丧葬活动的研究究竟有多大意义。

强迫症的认知行为治疗模式

强迫症的认知行为治疗模式临床上常将强迫症分二类，一类是没有明显强迫行为的强迫思维（ｏｂｓｅｓｓｉｏｎ）：包括强迫性怀疑、强迫回忆、强迫意像、强迫性穷思极虑。另一类即强迫动作（Ｃｏｍｐｕｌｓｉｏｎ）：包括强迫洗涤、强迫检查、强迫性仪式动作、强迫计数等。...

欲求轻松 如此艰难

刘先生每日都在拼命地想“怪问题”——天为什么要下雨?是先有鸡还是先有蛋?一个椅子为什么有四条腿?宇宙是怎么形成的?搞得他吃不香,睡不着。心烦,有时心都想痛了。 易小姐的邻居患了肝炎,为此她惊恐不已。为了避免被传染,她每天都要反复洗手。有时,邻居不小心在楼道中碰到了她晾晒的衣服,她也要反复搓洗,有时洗到深夜。虽然她自觉有些过分,但不这样做她不放心。为此,

学校背景下强迫症学生的表现和教育策略

强迫症（obsessive-compulsive disorder,OCD）是指由周期性的强迫观念、强迫行为或二者共同引起的异常障碍,强迫症患者会体验重复的、费时的（每天〉1 h）、困扰的强迫观念和强迫行为,正常的生活、职业、社交受到严重影响（American Psychiatric Association：DSM5）。强迫症的主要症状是反复出现的强迫观念和/或强迫行为,

Inhibition of Telomerase with hTERT Antisense Increases Susceptibility of Leukemic Cells to CDDP-induced Apoptosis

Objective: To investigated the e?ect of inhibition of telomerase with hTERT antisense on leukemic cells (HL-60 and K562) to CDDP-induced apoptosis. Methods: Antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide (AS PS-ODN) was synthesized and puri?ed. Telomerase activity was detected by Telomerase PCR ELASA kit and cell apoptosis was observed by morphological method and determined by ?owcytometry. Results: AS PS-ODN could signi?cantly inhibit telomerase activity by down regulat- ing the hTERT expression, and increase the susceptibility of leukemic cells to CDDP-induced apoptosis. Conclusion: Inhibition of telomerase with hTERT antisense can increases the susceptibility of leukemic cells to CDDP-induced apoptosis.

做一个快乐教师——中小学教师的心理健康与心理调适(之二)

认识自己(二)——教师心理健康的标准什么样的教师才是心理健康的教师呢?换言之,教师心理健康的标准是什么?这里涉及一个基本概念——心理健康。何为心理健康?简单地说,心理健康就是指一个人具有良好的心理状态。那么,什么样的状态才算得上是良好的状态?

强迫症会令你学习工作效率低下

强迫症是以强迫观念、强迫冲动和强迫行为等症状为主要表现的一种神经症。患者明知这些强迫症状的持续存在毫无意义且不合理,却不能克制地反复出现,无法摆脱,愈是企图努力抵制,愈是感到焦虑和痛苦。发病与遗传因素、性格特征和心理社会因素有关。患者具有强迫性人格特点：拘谨、犹豫、节俭、谨慎、细心、过分注意细节、好思索、要求十全十美,但又过于刻板和缺乏灵活性等。

rAd-p53 enhances the sensitivity of human gastric cancer cells to chemotherapy

AIM： To investigate potential antitumor effects of rAd-p53 by determining if it enhanced sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to chemotherapy. METHODS： Three gastric cancer cell lines with distinct levels of differentiation were treated with various doses of rAd-p53 alone, oxaliplatin （OXA） alone, or a combination of both. Cell growth was assessed with an 3-（4,5）-dimethylthiahiazo （-z-yl）-3,5-diphenytetrazoli- umromide assay and the expression levels of p53, Bax and Bcl-2 were determined by immunohistochemistry. The presence of apoptosis and the expression of caspase-3 were determined using flow cytometry. RESULTS： Treatment with rAd-p53 or OXA alone inhibited gastric cancer cell growth in a time- and dose- dependent manner; moreover, significant synergistic effects were observed when these treatments were combined. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that treatment with rAd-p53 alone, OXA alone or combined treatment led to decreased Bcl-2 expression and increased Bax expression in gastric cancer cells.Furthermore, flow cytometry showed that rAd-p53 alone, OXA alone or combination treatment induced apoptosis of gastric cancer cells, which was accompa- nied by increased expression of caspase-3. CONCLUSION： rAd-p53 enhances the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to chemotherapy by promoting apoptosis. Thus, our results suggest that p53 gene therapy combined with chemotherapy represents a novel avenue for gastric cancer treatment.

Effect of aspirin alone or combined with cisplatin on human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells

Objective： To study the effect and mechanism of aspirin alone or combined with cisplatin （DDP） on human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells. Methods： HeLa cells were treated by different concentrations of aspirin, DDP alone or both. The inhibitory effect on cell growth was analyzed by MTT and colony-forming assay. Cell apoptosis was measured with flow cytometry. The mRNA levels ofBcl-2, Bax and NF-κB（P65） were studied by RT-PCR. Results： MTT assay showed that aspirin inhibited HeLa cell proliferation in a time-and dose-dependant maoner. Aspirin decreased clone numbers in colony formation assay. Aspirin also induced apoptosis of HeLa cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner as detected by flow cytometry. The inhibition effects on proliferation, colony formation and apoptosis were significantly enhanced when cells were treated with both aspirin and DDP. RT-PCR demonstrated that aspirin decreased the transcription of Bcl-2 and NF-κB, and increased expression of Bax gene. Conclusion： Aspirin can induce apoptosis in HeLa cells. Combination of aspirin and DDP displays a synergistic effect. The possible mechanism might be that aspirin downregulates the mRNA levels of Bcl-2 and NF-κB gene and upregulates the expression of Bax.

Work-up and management of a high-risk patient with primary central nervous system lymphoma

Primary central nervous system lymphoma(PCNSL) is a rare disorder that, in 95% of cases, represents diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. As such, making an accurate diagnosis is important. At present, stereotactic-guided biopsy is a recognized method of choice for tissue analysis. However, the diagnostic work-up for high-risk patients is determined by their performance status. Here,we report a case of PCNSL in a high-risk patient, for whom diagnosis was established by cerebrospinal fluid cytology and flow cytometry, which significantly shortened a diagnostic work-up period and allowed for the immediate treatment of the patient.

The impact of beta-elemene on beta-tubulin of human hepatoma hepg2 cells

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of beta-elemene injection on the growth and beta-tubulin of human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells. Methods: Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay. Cell cycle distribution was detected by flow cytometry(FCM). The mRNA expression of beta-tubulin was measured by RT-PCR. Western blot analysis was used to determine protein expression of beta-tubulin and the polymerization of beta-tubulin. Results: Beta-elemene injection inhibited HepG2 cells proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner; FCM analysis indicated beta-elemene injection induced cell cycle arrested at S phase. RT-PCR and western-blot analysis showed that beta-elemene injection down-regulated beta-tubulin expression at both mRNA and protein levels, presenting a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, beta-elemene injection reduced the polymerization of microtubules in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: Beta-elemene injection can inhibit the proliferation of hepatoma HepG2 cells, the mechanism might be partly related to the down-regulation of beta-tubulin and inhibition of microtubular polymerization.

Influence of paeonol on expression of COX-2 and p27 in HT-29 cells

AIM： To investigate the effect of paeonol on controlling the proliferation of colorectal cancer cell line HT-29 and to discuss its possible mechanism. METHODS： The inhibitory effect of paeonol on proliferation of HT-29 cells was detected by M-I-I- assay. The results of apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry. Immunocytochemical staining was performed to detect the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2） and protein p27 in HT-29 cells treated with paeonol at different concentrations. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT- PCR） was used for mRNA analysis. RESULTS： From the data of both MTT and flow cytometry, we observed that cell proliferation was inhibited by different concentrations of paeonol. By immunocytochemical staining, we found that HT-29 cells treated with paeonol （0.024-1.504 mmol/L） reflected reduced expression of COX-2 and increased expression of p27 in a dose-dependent manner. RT-PCR showed that paeonol down-regulated COX-2 and up-regulated p27 in a dose- and time-dependent manner in HT-29 cells. CONCLUSION： One of the apoptotic mechanisms of paeonol is down-regulation of COX-2. p27 is upregulated simultaneously and plays an important part in controlling cell proliferation and is a crucial factor in the Fas/FasL apoptosis pathway.