中医性学理论溯源之——性学阴阳

1 性学阴阳 阴阳之道,是中国古代科技文化的最基本概念.在性学中,阴阳所代表的,有着四个方面的含义,一是指性别,即男性、女性,阳代表男性,阴代表女性;二是指功能,即兴奋、抑制,阳代表兴奋,阴代表抑制;三是指状态,即气、形,阳则化气,阴则成形;四是指物质,即元阴、元阳,阴则从水,阳则从火.

“性与天道”问题与宋明理学分系

"性与天道"问题是中国本体论哲学的基本思想资源,在孔孟以后却被儒家所丢弃。魏晋玄学家以对性与天道的新解走出了沉闷的汉代天人之辨。唐宋以后儒家的复兴实际上是"复性",理学家由复性开始了对性与天道的自觉体认。他们既接续了性与天道的源头,又因对复性的不同把握而开发出不同的本体范畴,推演出不同的理论体系。胡宏总结"五子"的"性"论和儒家传统的"尽性"要求,以"成性"解"尽性",并最终建立起区别于气学、道学(小理学)及后来的心学的性学理论系统,中国哲学发展由此有了整体的"理学"。

High Pressure Structural Instability and Thermal Properties of Rutile TiO2 from First-principles

We report a first-principles calculation to investigate the structural instability of rutile TiO2. The high pressure structural parameters are well reproduced. The calculated phonon disper-sion curves agree with experiments at zero pressure. Under compression, we capture a large softening around Γ point, which indicates the structural instability. From the high pressure elastic constants, we find that the rutile TiO2 is unstable when the applied pressure is larger than 17.7 GPa. Within the quasi-harmonic approximation, the thermal equation of state, thermal expansion oefficient, bulk modulus, and entropy are well reproduced. The thermal properties confirm the available experimental data and are extended to a wider pressure and temperature range.

Effect of Pressure on Electronic Structures and Optical Properties of Rocksalt InN

The electronic structures and optical properties of rocksalt indium nitride （INN） under pressure were studied using the first-principles calculation by considering the exchange and correlation potentials with the generalized gradient approximation. The calculated lattice constant shows good agreement with the experimental value. It is interestingly found that the band gap energy Eg at the F or X point remarkably increases with increasing pressure, but Eg at the L point does not increase obviously. The pressure coefficient of Eg is calculated to be 44 meV/GPa at the F point. Moreover, the optical properties of rocksalt InN were calculated and discussed based on the calculated band structures and electronic density of states.

Representation Theory of Three-Dimensional Elliptical Crack Under Dynamic Loading

The relation between the normal displacement on the surface of a dynamical elliptical crack and the normal stress over the crack surface was studied. The three dimensional elastodynamic equations and Fourier Laplace transforms are used. Based on the influence function and the inversion of integral transforms, one can find that if the distribution of normal displacement on the surface of a dynamic elliptical crack is a polynomial of degree n in x 1 and x 2 , then the normal pressure acting over the ellipse is also a polynomial P n(x 1,x 2) of the same degree in x 1 and x 2 .

Chemical bonding and elastic properties of quaternary arsenide oxides YZnAsO and LaZnAsO investigated by first principles

The structural parameters, chemical bonding and elastic properties of the tetragonal phase quaternary arsenide oxides YZnAsO and LaZnAsO were investigated by using density-functional theory （DFT） within generalized gradient approximation （GGA）. The GGA calculated structural parameters are in agreement with the experimental results. Population analysis suggests that the chemical bonding in YZnAsO and LaZnAsO can be classified as a mixture of ionic and covalent characteristic. Single-crystal elastic constants were calculated and the polycrystalline elastic modules were estimated according to Voigt, Reuss and Hill＇s approximations （VRH）. The result shows that both YZnAsO and LaZnAsO are relatively soft materials exhibiting ductile behavior. The calculated polycrystalline elastic anisotropy result shows that LaZnAsO is more anisotropy in compressibility and YZnAsO is more anisotropy in shear.

Risk assessment model of tunnel water inrush based on improved attribute mathematical theory

Tunnel water inrush is one of the common geological disasters in the underground engineering construction.In order to effectively evaluate and control the occurrence of water inrush,the risk assessment model of tunnel water inrush was proposed based on improved attribute mathematical theory.The trigonometric functions were adopted to optimize the attribute mathematical theory,avoiding the influence of mutation points and linear variation zones in traditional linear measurement functions on the accuracy of the model.Based on comprehensive analysis of various factors,five parameters were selected as the evaluation indicators for the model,including tunnel head pressure,permeability coefficient of surrounding rock,crushing degree of surrounding rock,relative angle of joint plane and tunnel section size,under the principle of dimension rationality,independence,directness and quantification.The indicator classifications were determined.The links among measured data were analyzed in detail,and the objective weight of each indicator was determined by using similar weight method.Thereby the tunnel water inrush risk assessment model is established and applied in four target segments of two different tunnels in engineering.The evaluation results and the actual excavation data agree well,which indicates that the model is of high credibility and feasibility.

Anisotropy of Thermal-expansion for β-Octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine： Quantum Chemistry Calculation and Molecular Dynamics Simulation

Molecular dynamics simulations on octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine （HMX） at 303-383 K and atmospheric pressure are carried out under NPT ensemble and COMPASS force field, the equilibrium structures at elevated temperatures were obtained and showed that the stacking style of molecules don＇t change. The coefficient of thermal expansion （CTE） values were calculated by linear fitting method. The results show that the CTE values are close to the experimental results and show anisotropy. The total energies of HMX cells with separately increasing expansion rates （100%-105%） along each crystallographic axis was calculated by periodic density functional theory method, the results of the energy change rates are anisotropic, and the correlation equations of energy change-CTE values are established. Thus the hypostasis of the anisotropy of HMX crystal＇s thermal expansion, the determinate molecular packing style, is elucidated.

Recent advances in micro-alloyed wrought magnesium alloys:Theory and design

Micro-alloying design of wrought magnesium(Mg) alloys is an important strategy to achieve high mechanical properties at a low cost. In the last two decades, significant progress has been made from both theory and experiment. In the present review, we try to summarize recent advances in micro-alloying design of wrought Mg alloys from both theoretical and pragmatic perspectives, and provide fundamental data required for establishing the relationship between chemical composition and mechanical properties of Mg alloys. We start with theoretical attempts for understanding the mechanical properties of Mg alloys at different scales, by involving first principle calculations,molecular dynamics, cellular automata, and crystal plasticity. Then, the role of alloying elements is discussed for a series of promising Mg alloys such as Mg-Al, Mg-Zn, Mg-RE(rare-earth element), Mg-Sn, and Mg-Ca families.Potential challenges in the micro-alloying design of Mg alloys are highlighted at the end. The review is expected to provide helpful guidance for the intelligent design of novel wrought Mg alloys and inspire more innovative ideas in this field.

Study on Dynamic Response of the “Dualistic” Structure Rock Slope with Seismic Wave Theory

Currently, scant attention has been paid to the theoretical analysis on dynamic response mechanism of the ＂Dualistic＂ structure roek slope. The analysis presented here provides insight into the dynamic response of the ＂Dualistie＂ structure rock slope. By investigating the principle of energy distribution, it is shown that the effect of a joint plays a significant role in slope stability analysis. A dynamic reflection and transmission model （RTM） for the ＂Dualistic＂ structure rock slope and explicit dynamic equations are established to analyze the dynamic response of a slope, based on the theory of elastic mechanics and the principle of seismic wave propagation. The theoretical simulation solutions show that the dynamic response of the ＂Dualistic＂ structure rock slope （soft-hard） model is greater than that of the ＂Dualistic＂ strueture rock slope （hard-soft） model, especially in the slope crest. The magnifying effect of rigid foundation on the dynamic response is more obvious than that of soft foundation. With the amplitude increasing, the cracks could be found in the right slope （soft-hard） crest. The crest failure is firstly observed in the right slope （soft-hard） during the experimental process. The reliability of theoretical model is also investigated by experiment analysis. The conclusions derived in this paper could also be used in future evaluations of Multi-layer rock slopes.

Theoretical analysis of thermoviscoelastic contact between friction lining and wire rope in mine friction hoists

Serious accidents of mine hoists caused by high-speed sliding between friction lining and wire rope are often seen in coal mines.In order to solve this problem,we analyzed the contact characteristics between friction lining and wire rope.Then we carried out a dynamic mechanical analysis(DMA) to explain the change in mechanical properties of the friction lining as function of temperature and load frequency and found that temperature has a stronger effect on the mechanical properties than the frequency.We used multiple regression analysis to obtain the thermoviscoelastic constitutive relations of the friction lining.As well we derived the analytic solution for the thermoviscoelastic contact radius and pressure by combining the theory of viscoelastic contact mechanics with thermoviscoelastic constitutive relations.

Theoretical analysis on water-inrush mechanism of concealed collapse pillars in floor

In order to study the water-inrush mechanism of concealed collapse pillars from the mechanical view, a mechanical model for water-inrush of collapse pillars has been established based on thick plate theory of elastic mechanics in this paper.By solving this model the deformation of water-resistant rock strata under the action of water pressure and the expression of critical water pressure for collapse pillar waterinrush have been obtained The research results indicate that：the boundary conditions and strength of water-resistant strata play important roles in influencing water-inrush of collapse pillars.The critical water-inrush pressure is determined by both relative thickness and absolute thickness of water-resistant strata.

Mechanical genesis of Henan(China) Yima thrust nappe structure

Considering the serious coal and rock dynamic disasters around the main slip plane called F16 in the coal mining area) of Henan Yima(China) thrust nappe structure,the mechanical genesis of the Yima thrust nappe structure was studied comprehensively using geomechanics,fault mechanics,elastic mechanics,and Coulomb's law of friction.First,using the centrifugal inertia force of Earth's rotation as a source,a mechanical model of N-S compression superimposed with W-E reverse torsion was established to explain the formation of the early Yima coal basin and Jurassic Yima Group coal measures.Second,an equation for the ultimate stress in the forming stage of F16 was derived using the plastic slip-line field theory and the parabolic Mohr failure criterion.Moreover,the distribution of ultimate stress and the geometric characteristics of the fault profile were obtained using the field model parameters.Finally,the stress field of F16 and the mechanical genesis of the large-scale reverse thrust sheet were discussed based on elastic mechanics theory and Coulomb's law of friction.The results show that the tectonic framework of the early Yima coal basin and the formation pattern of Jurassic Yima Group coal measures given by the model are consistent with the in-situ explorations.The geometric characteristics of the fault profile obtained by numerical calculation can better reflect the shape of F16 in its forming stage,and the mechanical genesis of the large-scale reverse thrust sheet also concurred with the field situations.Thus,this work can provide a foundation for further studies on the genesis of the thrust nappe structure,the mechanism of rock bursts induced by F16,and the characteristics of the residual stress field in the Yima mining area.

Multi-objectives fuzzy optimization model for ship form demonstration based on information entropy

Selecting optimization ship form scheme is an important content in the process of concept design of ship. Multi-objective fuzzy decision-making model for ship form demonstration is set up according to the fuzzy pattern-recognition theory. Weight coefficients of each target of ship form scheme are determined by information entropy and individual subjective partiality. This model is used to select the optimal ship form scheme, the example shows that the model is exact and the resuh is credible. It can provide a reference for choosing the optimization scheme of ship form.

Numerical analysis on coal-breaking process under high pressure water jet

Based on the theory of nonlinear dynamic finite element,the control equation ofcoal and water jet was acquired in the coal breaking process under a water jet.The calculationmodel of coal breaking under a water jet was established;the fluid-structure couplingof water jet and coal was implemented by penalty function and convection calculation.The dynamic process of coal breaking under a water jet was simulated and analyzed bycombining the united fracture criteria of the maximum tensile strain and the maximal shearstrain in the two cases of damage to coal and damage failure to coal.

Nonlinear characteristics of induced spontaneous combustion process of sulfide ores

To investigate the relationship between nonlinear parameters and spontaneous combustion tendency of sulfide ores, nine different sulfide ore samples were taken from a pyrite mine in China, and induced spontaneous combustion experiment was carried out in the laboratory. Different stages of the induced spontaneous combustion process were studied by integrating wavelet technology and nonlinear dynamics theory. The results show that ignition points of all the ore samples are above 330 ℃, indicating that sulfide ores of the pyrite mine are difficult to combust spontaneously under normal mining conditions. Spontaneous combustion process includes three stages： incubation stage, development stage and approaching stage. The average temperature rising rate of the three stages are 1.0 ~C/min, 2.0 ~C/min and 4.2 ~C/min, respectively. During the spontaneous combustion process, mean values of approximate entropy and correlation dimension increase at first, and then decrease in the following stage. The mean value of the maximum Lyapunov exponent increases with the passage of reaction time. In a whole, correlation among the three nonlinear parameters firstly weakens, then enhances, and the best correlation period is at approaching stage. As ignition point increases, the maximum Lyapunov exponent of approaching stage decreases. Therefore, combustible tendency of sulfide ores could be qualitatively evaluated based on the maximum Lyapunov exponent of this stage.

Theory and application of rock burst prevention using deep hole high pressure hydraulic fracturing

In order to analyze the mechanism of deep hole high pressure hydraulic fracturing, nonlinear dynamic theory, damage mechanics, elastic-plastic mechanics are used, and the law of crack propagation and stress transfer under two deep hole hydraulic fracturing in tectonic stress areas is studied using seepage-stress coupling models with RFPA simulation software. In addition, the effects of rock burst control are tested using multiple methods, either in the stress field or in the energy field. The research findings show that with two deep holes hydraulic fracturing in tectonic stress areas, the direction of the main crack propagation under shear-tensile stress is parallel to the greatest principal stress direction. High-pressure hydraulic fracturing water seepage can result in the destruction of the coal structure, while also weakening the physical and mechanical properties of coal and rock. Therefore the impact of high stress concentration in hazardous areas will level off, which has an effect on rock burst prevention and control in the region.

Wave Interaction with Dual Circular Porous Plates

In this paper we have investigated the reflection and the transmission of a system of two symmetric circular-arc-shaped thin porous plates submerged in deep water within the context of linear theory. The hypersingular integral equation technique has been used to analyze the problem mathematically. The integral equations are formulated by applying Green＇s integral theorem to the fundamental potential function and the scattered potential function into a suitable fluid region, and then using the boundary condition on the porous plate surface. These are solved approximately using an expansion-cure-collocation method where the behaviour of the potential functions at the tips of the plates have been used. This method ultimately produces a very good numerical approximation for the reflection and the transmission coefficients and hydrodynamic force components. The numerical results are depicted graphically against the wave number for a variety of layouts of the arc. Some results are compared with known results for similar configurations of dual rigid plate systems available in the literature with good agreement.

An Interval Maximum Entropy Method for Quadratic Programming Problem

With the idea of maximum entropy function and penalty function methods, we transform the quadratic programming problem into an unconstrained differentiable optimization problem, discuss the interval extension of the maximum entropy function, provide the region deletion test rules and design an interval maximum entropy algorithm for quadratic programming problem. The convergence of the method is proved and numerical results are presented. Both theoretical and numerical results show that the method is reliable and efficient.

Classical Communication Cost and Remote Preparation of Multi-qubit with Three-Party

We present a scheme for probabilistic remote preparation of multi-qubit with three-party from a sender to either of two receivers. The quantum channel is composed of a partial entangled tripartite GHZ state. We obtain the successful totM probability of the scheme in the general case and special case, respectively. We also calculate total classical communication cost required in the RSP process with three-party in the general case and special case, respectively.