肥熟旱耕人为土的性态分异与土族土系的划分

本文以跨越全国各主要农区菜地土壤剖面 176个 ,探讨了肥熟旱耕人为土各亚类的分异特征及土族、土系划分原则、依据和方法。考虑其颗粒大小级别及矿物类型的单一性 ,重视以土温的分异来划分土族 ,以肥熟诊断的分异属性和其他特征土层及属性划分土系。如此七个亚类共划分出土族 16个 ,土系 35个。并作典型土系介绍。

Modeling and Identification of Anisotropic Damping Property of Ni-Based Alloys by FEM-Simulation

The modeling and identification of anisotropic damping property of Ni based single crystal alloys are presented. The anisotropic material damping property is modeled by 3 D rheological equations and identified by using specimen modal damping ratios and FEM simulation. The measured damping ratios which exhibit strong anisotropy are predicted better by the method presented than by other methods.

Comparative Analysis of Morphologic Traits of 50 Large-flowered Chrysanthemum Varieties

With 50 large-flowered Chrysanthemum varieties from germplasm nursery of Wunaoshan Forest Farm in Macheng City as research objects, 64 morphological traits were investigated by field experiments adopting randomized block design. The morphological differences were observed by uniformity analysis, variability analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The result showed that the vari- able coefficients of 59 traits were greater than 15%; the contribution rate of first seven principal components reached 81.45%; and it was found by clustering analy- sis that the 50 germplasm resources could be divided into four clusters with obvious morphological differences, and plant type could be used as an index for classifica- tion.

Combined goblet cell carcinoid and mucinous cystadenoma of the vermiform appendix

Goblet cell carcinoid is an uncommon primary tumor of the vermiform appendix, characterized by dual endocrine and glandular differentiation. Whether goblet cell carcinoid represents a morphological variant of appendiceal classical carcinoid or a mucin-producing adenocarcinoma is a matter of conjecture. Rare cases of goblet cell carcinoid with other concomitant appendiceal epithelial neoplasms have been documented. In this report, we describe a rare case of combined appendiceal goblet cell carcinoid and mucinous cystadenoma, and discuss the possible histopathogenesis of this combination.

Error code analysis and selection principle of M-ary modulation in network-based control systems

Error codes induced by M-ary modulation and modulation selection in network-based control systems are studied.It is the first time the issue of error codes induced by M-ary modulation is addressed in control field.In network-based control systems,error codes induced by noisy channel can significantly decrease the quality of control.To solve this problem,the network-based control system with delay and noisy channel is firstly modeled as an asynchronous dynamic system(ADS).Secondly,conditions of packet with error codes(PEC)loss rate by using M-ary modulation are obtained based on dynamic output feedback scheme.Thirdly,more importantly,the selection principle of M-ary modulation is proposed according to the measured signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and conditions of PEC loss rate.Finally,system stability is analyzed and controller is designed through Lyapunov function and linear matrix inequality(LMI)scheme,and numerical simulations are made to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

Sexual differences and sex ratios of dioecious plants under stressful environments

Dioecious plants exhibit sexual dimorphism in both sexual features(reproductive organs)and secondary sex characteristics(vegetative traits).Sexual differences in secondary traits,including morphological,physiological and ecological characters,have been commonly associated with trade-offs between the cost of reproduction and other plant functions.Such trade-offs may be modified by environmental stressors,although there is evidence that sexually dimorphic responses to stress do not always exist in all plant species.When sexual dimorphism exists,sexually different responses appear to depend on the species and stress types.Yet,further studies on dioecious plant species are needed to allow the generalization of stress effects on males and females.Additionally,sexual dimorphism may influence the frequency and distribution of the sexes along environmental gradients,likely causing niche differentiation and spatial segregation of sexes.At the present,the causes and mechanisms governing sex ratio biases are poorly understood.This review aims to discuss sex-specific responses and sex ratio biases occurring under adverse conditions,which will advance our knowledge of sexually dimorphic responses to environmental stressors.

Genome re-sequencing analysis uncovers pathogenecity-related genes undergoing positive selection in Magnaporthe oryzae

Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae （M. oryzae） is one of the most destructive diseases, which causes significant rice yield losses and affects global food security. To better understand genetic variations among different isolates of M. oryzae in nature, we re-sequenced the genomes of two field isolates, CH43 and Zhong-10-8-14, which showed distinct pathogenecity on most of the rice cultivars. Genome-wide genetic variation analysis reveals that ZHONG-10-8-14 exhibits higher sequence variations than CH43. Structural variations （SVs） detection shows that the sequence variations primarily occur in exons and intergenic regions. Bioinformatics analysis for gene variations reveals that many pathogenecity-related pathways are enriched. In addition, 193 candidate effectors with various DNA polymorphisms were identified, including two known effectors AVR-Pik and AVR-Pital. Comparative polymorphism analysis of thirteen randomly selected effectors suggests that the genetic variations of effectors are under positive selection. The expression pattern analysis of several pathogenecity-related variant genes indicates that these genes are differentially regulated in two isolates, with much higher expression levels in Zhong-10-8-14 than CH43. Our data demonstrate that the genetic variations of effectors and pathogenecity-related genes are under positive selection, resulting in the distinct pathogeuicities of CH43 and Zhong- 10-8-14 on rice.

Two coplanar cracks in a functionally graded piezoelectric material strip under mechanical and transient thermal loadings

In this paper,the fracture problem of a functionally graded piezoelectric material strip(FGPM strip) containing two coplanar cracks perpendicular to its boundaries is considered.The problem is solved for an FGPM strip that is suddenly heated from the bottom surface under static mechanical loading.The top surface is maintained at the initial temperature.The crack faces are supposed to be completely insulated.Material properties are assumed to be exponentially dependent on the distance from the bottom surface.By using the Laplace and Fourier transforms,the thermoelectromechanical fracture problem is reduced to a set of singular integral equations,which are solved numerically.The stress intensity factors for the cases of the two embedded cracks,two edge cracks,and an embedded crack and an edge crack are computed and presented as a function of the normalized time,the nonhomogeneous and geometric parameters.