结构抗震性态谱的确定方法

为了克服反应谱无法反映性能目标对地震的需求,提出了性态谱的新概念。以地震地面运动数字记录为输入,计算单自由度体系最大地震加速度的统计平均值。在三维坐标中,根据性能目标,建立地震需求和结构周期、弹塑性状态的函数关系。获取具有统计意义的、按照地震波分类的弹性和弹塑性性态谱,研究了性态谱特征和谱曲线规律,拟合了弹性和弹塑性性态谱的设计公式,并对拟合公式进行了验证。性态谱为多目标抗震性能设计提供了新途径。

特征参数对性态谱影响规律的研究

性能化抗震是工程抗震研究的重要方向。根据位移性能水准,计算不同周期结构达到性能水准时所需输入的最大地震动加速度值,建立性态谱;基于性态谱,研究自振周期、恢复力模型和第二刚度折减系数等特征参数对性态谱的影响。研究表明:性态谱表征了周期、性能水准和地震需求的三维谱关系,可预测达到不同性能水准时结构的地震需求;结构自振周期和第二刚度折减系数在短周期段对性态谱有显著影响,随结构自振周期的增大,谱值差别减小;双线型恢复力模型是否退化影响达到相同变形目标时的地震需求,退化模型性态谱谱值小于非退化模型。

基于位移目标的性态谱

达到位移目标时确定结构的地震需求,是性能抗震设计的一个重要课题。研究了结构位移目标,确定了位移性能目标参数,推导了单自由度结构体系的位移性能目标与周期的关系。将1085条地震波,输入到不同周期的单自由度弹塑性动力微分方程,调整地震动,反复迭代,达到位移目标,获得地震需求与周期、位移目标之间的函数关系,建立了具有统计意义的三维坐标下的性态谱,并拟合了性态谱的计算公式。研究表明:性态谱是反映不同位移目标下结构地震需求的一种有效方法。性态谱曲线随着结构周期的增大明显减小,并随着位移目标的增大,逐渐增大。性态谱曲线已无平台段,与场地的共振效应消失,场地对性态谱的影响总体不明显。性态谱可快速地、简便易行地预测达到不同性能目标时结构的地震需求,拟合的性态谱计算公式可进行结构抗震性能评估。

RAPD analysis of genetic diversity of nine strains of Auricularia auricular cultivated in Heilongjiang Province

Polymorphism of nine strains （CF05, CF09, 29, 916, AU9, Chang10, Chang7, 8808 and AU. Japanese） of A. auricular cultivated in Heilongjiang Province were analyzed by RAPD （Random Amplication polymorphic DNA）. Thirteen primers were selected from forty PCR primers with 10bp long random primer. The results showed that nine strains of A. auricular have a high level of genetic diversity and the percentage of DNA polymorphic was 96.05. The genotypes of 9 strains of Auricularia auricular were identified by the fingerprints from primer 27 and primer 46 by RAPD analysis. The results are helpful for quickly identifying strains of A. auricular in its early breeding time, and also provides a powerful theoretic basis to differentiate strains （Auricularia auricular） whose morphology is very similar in breeding programs of edible fungus.

Epiphytic bacterial communities on two common submerged macrophytes in Taihu Lake: diversity and host-specificity

Leaves of terrestrial and aquatic plants are home to a wide diversity of bacterial species. However, the diversity and variability of epiphytic bacteria on their submerged plant hosts remains poorly understood. We investigated the diversity and composition of epiphytic bacteria from two common submerged macrophytes: Vallisneria natans and Hydrilla verticillata in Taihu Lake, Jiangsu, China, using methods of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphisms (T-RFLP) and clone library analyses targeted at bacterial 16S rRNA genes. The results show that: (1) the libraries of the two waterweeds contain wide phylogenetic distribution of bacteria, and that the sequences of the two libraries can be separated into 93 OTUs (at 97% similar value); (2) Betaproteobacteria, including Burkholderiales, was the most abundant bacterial group on both plants. Cyanobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria were the second largest groups on V. natans and H. verticillata, respectively. Both clone libraries included some sequences related to those of methanotrophs and nitrogen-fixing bacteria; (3) Cluster analysis of the T-RFLP profiles showed two distinct clusters corresponding to the two plant populations. Both ANOSIM of the T-RFLP data and Libshuff analysis of the two clone libraries indicated a significant difference in epiphytic bacterial communities between the two plants. Therefore, the epiphytic bacterial communities on submerged macrophytes appear to be diverse and host-specific, which may aid in understanding the ecological functions of submerged macrophytes in general.

Determination of risperidone in human plasma by HPLC-MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study in Chinese volunteers

This study presents a rapid, specific and sensitive liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay for determination of risperidone (RIS) in human serum using paroxetine as an internal standard (IS). An Alltima-C18 column (2.1 mm×100 mm, 3 μm) and a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid-acetonitrile (40:60, v/v) were used for separation. The analysis was performed by selected reaction monitoring (SRM) method, and the peak area of the m/z 411.3→191.1 transition for RIS was measured versus that of the m/z 330.1→192.1 transition for IS to generate the standard curves. The assay linearity of RIS was confirmed over the range 0.25～50.00 ng/ml and the limit of quantitation was 0.05 ng/ml. The linear range corresponds well with the serum concentrations of the analytes obtained in clinical pharmacokinetic studies. Intraday and interday relative standard deviations were 1.85%～9.09% and 1.56%～4.38%, respectively. The recovery of RIS from serum was in the range of 70.20%～84.50%. The method was successfully applied to investigate the bioequivalence between two kinds of tablets (test versus reference products) in 18 healthy male Chinese volunteers. The result suggests that two formulations are bioequivalent.

Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Silica Nanotube： Structural and Vibrational Properties Under Different Temperatures

Four-, six-, and eight-membered ring silica nanotubes at temperatures from 300 K to 1600 K are relaxed by classical molecular dynamics simulations with three potential models. The simulation results indicate that the stability of the end rings of the three silica nanotubes gradually decreases with increase in temperature. The validity of the vibrational features of silica nanotubes is shown by the vibrational density of states. Infrared spectra on the silica nanotubes under different temperatures are investigated. A detailed assignment of each spectral peak to the corresponding vibrational mode of the three nanotubes has been addressed. The results are in good agreement with the other theoretical and experimental

Dynamic response characteristics of super high-rise buildings subjected to long-period ground motions

Spectrum characteristics of different types of seismic waves and dynamic response characteristics of super high-rise building structures under long-period ground motions were comparatively analyzed. First, the ground response wave （named LS-R wave） of a soft soil site with deep deposit, taking long-period bedrock seismic record as input, was calculated by wave propagation method. After that, a TOMAKOMAI station long-period seismic record from the Tokachi-Oki earthquake and conventional E1-Centro wave were also chosen. Spectrum characteristics of these waves were analyzed and compared. Then, a series of shaking table tests were performed on a 1：50 scale super high-rise structural model under these seismic waves. Furthermore, numerical simulation of the prototype structure under these excitations was conducted, and structure damages under different intensive ground motions were discussed. The results show that： 1） Spectrum characteristics of ground response wave are significantly influenced by soft soil site with deep deposit, and the predominant period has an increasing trend. 2） The maximum acceleration amplification factor of the structure under the TOM wave is two times that under the E1-Centro wave; while the maximum displacement response of the structure under the TOM wave is 4.4 times that under the E1-Centro wave. Long-period ground motions show greater influences on displacement responses than acceleration responses for super high-rise building structures. 3） Most inelastic damage occurs at the upper 1/3 part of the super high-rise building when subjected to long-period ground motions.

Soliton Solutions for Nonisospectral AKNS Equation by Hirota＇s Method

Bilinear form of the nonisospectral AKNS equation is given. The N-soliton solutions are obtained through Hirota＇s method.

Aerobic biodegradation of di-n-butyl phthalate by Xiangjiang River sediment and microflora analysis

Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP),one of phthalate acid esters (PAEs),was investigated to determine its biodegradation rate using Xiangjiang River sediment and find potential DBP degraders in the enrichment culture of the sediment. The sediment sample was incubated with an initial concentration of DBP of 100 mg/L for 5 d. The biodegradation rate of DBP was detected using HPLC and the degraded products were analyzed by GC/MS. Subsequently,the microbial diversity of the enrichment culture was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The results reveal that almost 100% of DBP is degraded after merely 3 d,generating two main degraded products:mono-butyl phthalate (MBP) and 9-octadecenoic acid. After a six-month enrichment period under the pressure of DBP,the dominant family in the final enrichment culture is clustered with the Comamonas sp.,the remaining are affiliated with Sphingomonas sp.,Hydrogenophaga sp.,Rhizobium sp.,and Acidovorax sp. The results show the potential of these bacteria to be used in the bioremediation of DBP in the environment.

Analysis of the Relationship between Genome Diversity and Adult Survive Rate of Botryllus Schlosseri by AFLP

Objective: The self cross colonial prochordate, Botryllus schlosseri ( B.schlosseri ) occupy a key phylogenetic position in the evolution of vertebrates. To clarify the relationship of genome diversity and survive rate, five generations of B. schlosseri was investigated by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Methods: AFLP markers are extremely sensitive to even small sequence variation, using PCR and high resolution electrophoresis to examine restriction fragments. Results: AFLP polymorphism was high in the parent and lower in its F1, F2, F3 and F4. Each primer combination generated from 80 to more than 120 bands, of which average 25.85% polymorphic loci in parent, 15.79% polymorphic among F1, 9.16% and 5.58% in F2, F3. The AFLP markers were transmitted from F1 to F2, F3 and F4 and inherited, segregated in expected Mendelian ratio. However, some of the markers were lost in F2, F3 and F4 while it disappeared in their mother. In addition, gene mutation new loci and lost loci among F1, F2, F3 and F4 were observed. These special fragments were cloned and sequenced. Then, the genomic DNA was analyzed by Southern hybridization with the probes from these specific fragments and the mechanism of gene mutation was clarified. Conclusion: These results suggest that there are high frequency of polymorphic loci and mutation in genome of B. schlosseri. Gene deletion or low diversity may be the reason for high rate of death of the offspring of inbred laboratory reared strains.

Effect of Solvent Polarity on Excited-State Double Proton Transfer Process of 1,5-Dihydroxyanthraquinone

The excited-state double proton transfer(ESDPT)properties of 1,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone(1,5-DHAQ)in various solvents were investigated using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy and the DFT/TDDFT method.The steady-state fluorescence spectra in toluene,tetrahydrofuran(THF)and acetonitrile(ACN)solvents presented that the solvent polarity has an effect on the position of the ESDPT fluorescence emission peak for the 1,5-DHAQ system.Transient absorption spectra show that the increasing polarity of the solvent accelerates the rate of excited state dynamics.Calculated potential energy curves analysis further verified the experimental results.The ESDPT barrier decreases gradually with the increase of solvent polarity from toluene,THF to ACN solvent.It is convinced that the increase of solvent polarity can promote the occurrence of the ESDPT dynamic processes for the 1,5-DHAQ system.This work clarifies the mechanism of the influence of solvent polarity on the ESDPT process of 1,5-DHAQ,which provides novel ideas for design and synthesis of new hydroxyanthraquinone derivatives.

Analysis of dynamic of two-phase flow in small channel based on phase space reconstruction combined with data reduction sub-frequency band wavelet

A new method of nonlinear analysis is established by combining phase space reconstruction and data reduction sub-frequency band wavelet. This method is applied to two types of chaotic dynamic systems(Lorenz and Rssler) to examine the anti-noise ability for complex systems. Results show that the nonlinear dynamic system analysis method resists noise and reveals the internal dynamics of a weak signal from noise pollution. On this basis, the vertical upward gas–liquid two-phase flow in a 2 mm × 0.81 mm small rectangular channel is investigated. The frequency and energy distributions of the main oscillation mode are revealed by analyzing the time–frequency spectra of the pressure signals of different flow patterns. The positive power spectral density of singular-value frequency entropy and the damping ratio are extracted to characterize the evolution of flow patterns and achieve accurate recognition of different vertical upward gas–liquid flow patterns(bubbly flow:100%, slug flow: 92%, churn flow: 96%, annular flow: 100%). The proposed analysis method will enrich the dynamics theory of multi-phase flow in small channel.

Ecology detection of moderate thermophilic enrichment at Lau Basin hydrothermal vents

Culturable thermophilic microorganisms were enriched from samples collected from Lau Basin hydrothermal vents in artificial seawater medium at 45 ℃ and pH 7.0. Microbial diversities of the enriched communities were defined by performing a restriction fragment length polymorphism （RFLP） analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences with enzymes MspI and Hin6 I. A total of 14 phylotypes have been detected by the RFLP patterns identified for 16S rRNA clone libraries of the enrichment. Analysis of sequences showed that at least four bacterial divisions presented in the clones libraries. The phyla Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the most dominant groups. The majority of the sequences included in this analysis affiliated with Gamma Proteobacteria （71%） and Bacillus （23%）. Scanning electron micrographs revealed that there were abundant rod and coceoidal forms encased in sulphur and sodium chloride precipitate. These results revealed that there were a diversity of moderate thermophilic bacterial populations thrived in Lau Basin hydrothermal vents that were previously not detected by either molecular retrieval or strain purification techniques.

Polymorph and morphology of CaCO_3 in relation to precipitation conditions in a bubbling system

Simulating the typical carbonation step in a mineral CO_2 sequestration, precipitated calcium carbonate(PCC) was prepared by bubbling CO_2 gas into a rich Ca solution. These carbonation reactions were conducted at three p H ranges, namely 10.0–9.0, 9.0–8.0, and 8.0–7.0, in which temperature and CO_2 flow rate are additional experimental variables. The PCC obtained in experiments was examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)and X-ray diffraction(XRD). It was found that supersaturation determined by p H value and flow rate of CO_2 has significant influence on polymorph of PCC. Vaterite was preferably formed at high supersaturation, while dissolution of metastable vaterite and crystallization of calcite occurred at low supersaturation. High temperature is a critical factor for the formation of aragonite. At 70 °C, vaterite, calcite and aragonite were observed to coexist in PCC because transformation from vaterite to aragonite via calcite occurred at this temperature. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) technology was performed on prepared PCC, and various morphologies consistent with polymorphs were observed.

UGT1A1 predicts outcome in colorectal cancer treated with irinotecan and fluorouracil

AIM:To evaluate effects of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase1A1(UGT1A1) and thymidylate synthetase(TS) gene polymorphisms on irinotecan in metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC).METHODS:Two irinotecan-and fluorouracil-based regimens,FOLFIRI and IFL,were selected as second-line therapy for 138 Chinese mCRC patients.Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples before treatment.UGT1A1 and TS gene polymorphisms were determined by direct sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism,respectively.Gene polymorphisms of UGT1A1*28,UGT1A1*6 and promoter enhancer region of TS were analyzed.The relationship between genetic polymorphisms and clinical outcome,that is,response,toxicity and survival were assessed.Pharmacokinetic analyses were performed in a subgroup patients based on different UGT1A1 genotypes.Plasma concentration of irinotecan and its active metabolite SN-38 and inactive metabolite SN-38G were determined by high performance liquid chromatography.Differences in irinotecan and its metabolites between UGT1A1 gene variants were compared.RESULTS:One hundred and eight patients received the FOLFIRI regimen,29 the IFL regimen,and one irinotecan monotherapy.One hundred and thirty patients were eligible for toxicity and 111 for efficacy evaluation.One hundred and thirty-six patients were tested for UGT1A1*28 and *6 genotypes and 125 for promoter enhancer region of TS.Patients showed a higher frequency of wild-type UGT1A1*28(TA6/6) compared with a Caucasian population(69.9% vs 45.2%).No significant difference was found between response rates and UGT1A1 genotype,although wild-type showed lower response rates compared with other variants(17.9% vs 24.2% for UGT1A1*28,15.7% vs 26.8% for UGT1A1*6).When TS was considered,the subgroup with homozygous UGT1A1*28(TA7/7) and non-3RG genotypes showed the highest response rate(33.3%),while wild-type UGT1A1*28(TA6/6) with non-3RG only had a 13.6% response rate,but no significant difference was found.Logistic regression showed treatment duration was closely linked to clinical response.In toxicity comparison,UGT1A1*28 TA6/6 was associated with lower incidence of grade 2-4 diarrhea(27.8% vs 100%),and significantly reduced the risk of grade 4 neutropenia compared with TA7/7(7.8% vs 37.5%).Wild-type UGT1A1*6(G/G) tended to have a lower incidence of grade 3/4 diarrhea vs homozygous mutant(A/A) genotype(13.0% vs 40.0%).Taking UGT1A1 and TS genotypes together,lower incidence of grade 2-4 diarrhea was found in patients with non-3RG TS genotypes,when TA6/6 was compared with TA7/7(35.3% vs 100.0%).No significant association with time to progression(TTP) and overall survival(OS) was observed with either UGT1A1 or TS gene polymorphisms,although slightly longer TTP and OS were found with UGT1A1*28(TA6/6).Irinotecan PK was investigated in 34 patients,which showed high area under concentration curve(AUC) of irinotecan and SN-38,but low AUC ratio(SN-38G /SN-38) in those patients with UGT1A1*28 TA7/7.CONCLUSION:A distinct distribution pattern of UGT1A1 genotypes in Chinese patients might contribute to relatively low toxicity associated with irinotecan and 5-fluorouracil in mCRC patients.

Seismic Assessment of Asymmetric Structures Behaviour by Using Static Non-linear Analysis

The goal of this work is to investigate the seismic behaviour of plan-asymmetric structures by considering the least seismic-resistant directions and the spatial features of the seismic event. New tools for the analysis of the seismic behaviour of plan-asymmetric structures are herein presented and the concepts of ＂Polar Spectrum＂ and limit domains are discussed. In particular, the capacity of the structure is described by using the limit domains based on the Non Linear Static Procedures, while the seismic demand is analysed by introducing a new representation of the spectral response. This representation is based on the construction of a spectral surface obtained by the spectral seismic response for different in-plan directions and the in-plan projection of this surface is herein defined ＂Polar Spectrum＂. The obtained results for two benchmark structures, verified by means of non-linear incremental dynamic analyses, have pointed out that non-linear static analyses, carried out for different in-plan directions of the incoming seismic action, have allowed us to accurately evaluate the least seismic resistant directions.

Phosphate Solubilizing Ability and Phylogenetic Diversity of Bacteria from P-Rich Soils Around Dianchi Lake Drainage Area of China

The phylogenetic diversity of phosphate solubilizing bacteria （PSB） distributed in P-rich soils in the Dianchi Lake drainage area of China was characterized, and the tricalcium phosphate （TCP） solubilizing activities of isolated PSB were determined. Among 1 328 bacteria isolated from 100 P-rich soil samples, 377 isolates （28.39% of the total） that exhibited TCP solubilization activity were taken as PSB. These PSB showed different abilities to solubilize TCP, with the concentrations of solubilized P in bacterial cultures varying from 33.48 to 69.63 mg L^（-1）. A total of 123 PSB isolates, with relatively high TCP solubilization activity （〉 54.00 mg L^（-1））, were submitted for restriction fragment length polymorphism （RFLP） analysis, which revealed 32 unique RFLP patterns. Based on these patterns, 62 representative isolates, one to three from each RFLP pattern, were selected for 16S rRNA sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis placed the 123 PSB into three bacterial phyla, namely Proteobacteria, Aetinobacteria and Firmicutes. Members of Proteobacteria were the dominant PSB, where 107 isolates represented by 26 RFLP patterns were associated with the genera of Burkholderia, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, Pantoea, Serratia, Klebsiella, Leclercia, Raoultella and Cedeeea. Firmicutes were the subdominant group, in which 13 isolates were affiliated with the genera of Bacillus and Brevibacterium. The remaining 3 isolates were identified as three species of the genus Arthrobacter. This research extends the knowledge on PSB in P-rich soils and broadens the spectrum of PSB for the development of environmentally friendly biophosphate fertilizers.

Multiply Kink and Anti-Kink Solutions for a Coupled Camassa–Holm Type Equation

This article amis at revealing dynamical behavior of a coupled Camassa–Holm type equation, which was proposed by Geng and Wang based on a 4×4 matrix spectral problem with two potentials. Its kink and anti-kink solutions are presented explicitly. In particular, some exact multi-kink and anti-kink wave solutions are discussed and under some conditions, the kink and anti-kinks look like hat-shape solitons. The dynamic characters of the obtained solutions are investigated by figures. The method used in this paper can be widely applied to looking for the multi-kinks for Camassa–Holm type equations possessing cubic nonlinearity.

Studies on the properties of surface and edges of N-layer graphenes

Graphene, a new two-dimensional carbon material, is a rising star of physics, chemistry and materials science. In this work, we report the recent experimental researches on the Raman spectra and the temperature-dependent features of graphenes and car- bon nanoscrolls, which are evolved from graphene and have an open tubular structure. The layer-dependent Raman enhancing characteristics of n-layer graphenes for crystal violet, and the thickness-dependent morphologies of gold on n-layer graphenes are also systematically investigated. Meanwhile, the aggregations of ferromagnetic and paramagnetic atoms at edges of gra- phenes and graphite are observed and the mechanisms are discussed.