基因:性格变异的始作俑者

前不久,大学生马加爵因杀人被判死刑并处决。专家认为,马加爵的暴力倾向可能和缺失MAO基因有关。科学实验证实,人类行为在一定程度上受基因控制,有些人比较好斗,有些人则内向平和,这是先天使然。大脑中的MAO基因控制着脑神经质的浓度。动物实验发现,如果完全去掉MAO基因,实验鼠就有暴力倾向,容易打架。人也如此,如果缺少了这个基因,也会有异常举动发生,如易怒、好斗等,容易犯罪。母体在怀孕期间,如果受到很大压力,婴儿可能会天生缺乏MAO基因,当他长大后,其犯罪概率就相对较高。MAO基因缺失的人平常症状并不很明显,一般表现为害羞,容易紧张,然而这种人对压力的承受力远低于一般人,一旦面临失业、人际关系紧张等问题,他们就可能会出现暴力行为。缺少MAO基因的人并不一定都会犯罪。一个成人的行为受三方面因素共同作用:母亲怀孕时的状况、先天基因和后天环境。当MAO基因缺陷的实验鼠被放在一个比较和平的环境中时,并不会发病打架,但把它移到一个存在一定压力的环境中时,它的心跳就会马上加快,并表现出暴力行为。

学生胆怯心理分析与辅导策略

文章以11岁的三年级学生小Z为基本研究对象,通过案例分析,找出了小Z胆小怕黑的原因在于性格遗传和家庭教育等多方面,并运用心理辅导技术对小Z进行心理辅导与干预,达到了预期的效果。

Job shop scheduling problem with alternative machines using genetic algorithms

The classical job shop scheduling problem(JSP) is the most popular machine scheduling model in practice and is known as NP-hard.The formulation of the JSP is based on the assumption that for each part type or job there is only one process plan that prescribes the sequence of operations and the machine on which each operation has to be performed.However,JSP with alternative machines for various operations is an extension of the classical JSP,which allows an operation to be processed by any machine from a given set of machines.Since this problem requires an additional decision of machine allocation during scheduling,it is much more complex than JSP.We present a domain independent genetic algorithm(GA) approach for the job shop scheduling problem with alternative machines.The GA is implemented in a spreadsheet environment.The performance of the proposed GA is analyzed by comparing with various problem instances taken from the literatures.The result shows that the proposed GA is competitive with the existing approaches.A simplified approach that would be beneficial to both practitioners and researchers is presented for solving scheduling problems with alternative machines.

有其母必有其女——《喜福会》中母女性格代际异域传承的跨文化解读

文章从四位母亲(传统中国东方文化的化身)对四位女儿(美国现代西方文化的象征)性格的影响以及女儿对母亲性格的继承,以及小说中无处不在的、象征中国文化元素的思想和实物,探析了母女性格冲突化解、中西文化矛盾融合的内在动因和客观依据,揭示了中国传统文化在文化全球化过程中的巨大张力和深远影响,拓展、深化了对小说主题的阐释。