四川西路花椒栽培品种及其性状观测

在对四川西路花椒栽培品种、栽培类型广泛调查的基础上,通过连续多年、多点观测、记录,共发现花椒栽培品种、栽培类型11个,本文对其主要性状,特别是区别性状进行了详细描述。

月季引选育材料的性状观测分析

月季作为美国、意大利、卢森堡、伊拉克以及叙利亚等国的国花,北京、天津、大连等国内多个城市的市花,在城市园林绿化中具有不可或缺的应用价值。通过选取15个品种的月季地栽后在观赏性和抗逆性方面的性状观测,挑选出植株健壮、抗性好、花型、花色表现优异的品种,根据需要进行杂交实验,通过新品种的应用可以设计更多杂交组合,来增加杂交的多样性,以期为进一步的新品种选育提供重要依据。

基于层次分析法的13个月季新品种性状综合评价

【目的】筛选出适宜在北京地区大量推广应用的优秀月季品种。【方法】对北京市园林绿化科学研究院自主培育的13个月季新品种,从生长性状、花部性状、抗病虫性三个方面,观测月季的株型、生长势、花量、花色、花径、四季开花性、抗白粉病、抗黑斑病等31个性状,采用层次分析法对性状进行综合评价。【结果】通过主成分分析筛选出17个重要性状,经综合打分并进行排序,13个月季新品种被分为两个等级,Ⅰ级有7个品种,分别为‘暗香’‘可爱冰淇淋’‘红五月’‘好风佳月’‘新时代’‘春花秋月’‘粉花毯’,Ⅱ级包括6个品种,分别为‘春潮’‘卢沟晓月’‘黄钻’‘闭月羞花’‘千纸鹤’‘东方之珠’。【结论】该评价体系为筛选适宜北京地区栽植的月季品种提供了依据,该研究筛选出的7个Ⅰ级月季品种适合在北京地区推广应用。

萧山区引进的5种新优观赏地被植物设施栽培观察

通过对引进的矾根、球菊、双腺藤、火炬花、紫露草5种新优观赏地被植物生长情况和病虫害发生情况进行系统性调查,其中矾根10个品种,球菊5个品种,双腺藤2个品种,火炬花2个品种,紫露草1个品种。结果表明,引进的5种新优观赏地被植物均适合在萧山区设施栽培,未出现明显无法生长的现象;引进的5种新优地被植物中球菊的病虫害发生较为广泛,一种从根部腐烂逐渐发展至叶片出现病斑并枯萎的病害严重影响了球菊的正常栽培,降低了观赏性,通过病原物分离鉴定最终确定是由链格孢属(Alternaria sp.)引起的黑斑病。

Nonlinear State Feedback Control of PEM Fuel Cell Systems

In this paper, the nonlinear state feedback controller has been developed to control the pressures of the oxygen and the hydrogen in the PEM（Proton Exchange Membrane） fuel cell system. Nonlinear model of the PEM fuel cell system was introduced to study the design problems of the state observer and model based controller. A cascade observer using the filtering technique was used to estimate the pressure derivatives of the cathode and the anode in the system. In order to estimate the pressures of the cathode and the anode, the sliding mode observer was designed by using these pressure derivatives. To estimate the oxygen pressure and the hydrogen pressure in the system, the nonlinear state observer was designed by using the cathode pressure estimates and the anode it. These results will be very useful to design the state feedback controller. The validity of the proposed observers and the controller has been investigated by using a Lyapunov＇s stability analysis strategy.

Chaotic synchronization based on nonlinear state-observer and its application in secure communication

Chaotic synchronization is a branch of chaotic control. Nowadays, the research and application of chaotic synchronization have become a hot topic and one of the development directions is for the research on chaos. In this paper, a universal nonlinear stateobserver is presented for a class of universal chaotic systems to realize the chaotic synchronization, according to the theory of state-observer in the modern control theory. And theoretic analysis and simulation results have illustrated the validity of the approach. Moreover, the approach of synchronization proposed in this paper is very easy, flexible and universal with high synchronization precision.When the approach is applied to secure communication, the results are satisfying.

Soft Sensor for Inputs and Parameters Using Nonlinear Singular State Observer in Chemical Processes

Chemical processes are usually nonlinear singular systems.In this study,a soft sensor using nonlinear singular state observer is established for unknown inputs and uncertain model parameters in chemical processes,which are augmented as state variables.Based on the observability of the singular system,this paper presents a simplified observability criterion under certain conditions for unknown inputs and uncertain model parameters.When the observability is satisfied,the unknown inputs and the uncertain model parameters are estimated online by the soft sensor using augmented nonlinear singular state observer.The riser reactor of fluid catalytic cracking unit is used as an example for analysis and simulation.With the catalyst circulation rate as the only unknown input without model error,one temperature sensor at the riser reactor outlet will ensure the correct estimation for the catalyst circulation rate.However,when uncertain model parameters also exist,additional temperature sensors must be used to ensure correct estimation for unknown inputs and uncertain model parameters of chemical processes.

Non Linear Dynamic Crack Model Applied to State Observers Methodology for Fault Detection, Localization and Evaluation in a Cantilever Beam

The purpose of this work is the study of a mathematical model to discretize cracks at continuous mechanical systems, applying all the available properties at computational algorithm using the methodology of state observers to detect, localize and evaluate the crack conditions, seeking the model limitations through an experiment developed at the mechanical department of UNESP, llha Solteira, S^o Paulo-Brazil. Three different notch sizes were placed, one by one, at the top surface of a cantilever beam （to be considered as a crack at the mechanical system） and harmonic forces were applied at the tip of the beam with three different frequencies, for each notch size, to obtain experimental data to run the diagnosis algorithm. From the results it was possible to infer that the observation system performance increases with the raising of the crack size, which can be explained by the model, that gets more accurate with bigger crack sizes, however, when the propagation of the crack is considered at the model, the diagnosis of the crack presence tends to be more difficult. It was also possible to conclude that the developed algorithm works properly for systems which excitation frequencies are higher than 20 Hz and different from the natural frequencies of the system, due to influence of dynamic response of the crack at the model.

Compound control for speed and tension multivariable coupling system of reversible cold strip mill

To weaken the nonlinear coupling influence among the variables in the speed and tension system of reversible cold strip mill, a compound control(CC) strategy based on invariance principle was proposed. Firstly, invariance principle was used to realize static decoupling between the speed and tension of reversible cold strip mill. Then, considering the influence caused by the time variation of steel coil radius and rotational inertia of the left and right coilers, as well as the uncertainties, a CC strategy that is composed of extended state observer(ESO) and global sliding mode control(GSMC) with backstepping adaptive was proposed,which further realized dynamic decoupling and coordination control for the speed and tension system. Theoretical analysis shows that the resulting closed-loop system is global bounded stable. Finally, the simulation was carried out on the speed and tension system of a 1422 mm reversible cold strip mill by using the actual data, and through the comparison of the other control strategies, validity of the proposed CC strategy was shown by the results.

Experimental Fault Detection in Rotation System Using State Observers by LMIs

Rotating systems have many applications in wide-ranging industrial contexts. The breakdown of this equipment results in economic wastes and leads to dangerous situations. To avoid such problems is very important, and it can be done through tools that inform about the existence of faults, as well as, about their progress in time. A review of the modeling process used for rotor-support-structure shows that the finite element method is the maj or method employed. In this paper, with the aid of well defined theoretical models, obtained using the finite element technique, and the state observer method for the identification and location of faults, it is possible to monitor the parameters of a rotor-support-structure system, including the foundation effects. In order to improve safety, these parameters must be supervised in case of the occurrence of failures or faults. The state observers are designed using Linear Matrix Inequalities （LMIs）. Finally, experimental results （using for this a rotation system in the mechanical vibrations laboratory at Ilha Solteira＇s Mechanical Engineering Department） demonstrate the effectiveness of the methodology developed.

植物外源基因组成分鉴定方法的研究进展

具外源基因组成分(外源染色体/染色体片段/基因)植株是目前进行基因组学研究以及作物改良的重要材料。迄今为止,已建立了基于性状观测、染色体分析、特异蛋白、DNA序列4种鉴定外源基因组成分的策略。其中,基于DNA序列的分子标记技术是当前鉴定外源基因组成分的主要手段,文中归纳了用于小麦、甘蓝等重要作物外源基因组成分的分子标记,且对简单重复序列(Simple sequence repeat,SSR)、插入缺失(Insertion-deletion,InDel)、单核苷酸多态性(Single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)等9种标记进行了系统的比较。相比单一的鉴定方法,组合法更全面精准,文中对各组合法的应用情况进行统计和分析,提供了小麦族、芸薹族等作物的最佳鉴定组合。新一代分子标记InDel、SNP易实现高通量检测,对于外源渗入基因的精细定位展现了一定的优越性。此外,可以考虑一些新鉴定方法的加入,如微阵列比较基因组杂交(Microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization,array-CGH)、抑制差减杂交(Suppression subtractive hybridization,SSH)。

Uncertainty and Certainty Relations for Pauli Observables in Terms of R′enyi Entropies of Order α ∈(0;1]

We obtain uncertainty and certainty relations of state-independent form for the three Paufi observables with use of the Renyi entropies of order α∈ （0; 1]. It is shown that these entropic bounds are tight in the sense that they are always reached with certain pure states. A new result is the condition for equality in Renyi-entropy uncertainty relations for the Pauli observables. Upper entropic bounds in the pure-state case are also novel. Combining the presented bounds leads to a band, in which the rescaled average Renyi a-entropy ranges for a pure measured state. A width of this band is compared with the Tsallis formulation derived previously.

Exact Boundary Observability of Unsteady Supercritical Flows in a Tree-Like Network of Open Canals

The author establishes the exact boundary observability of unsteady supercritical flows in a tree-like network of open canals with general topology. An implicit duality between the exact boundary controllability and the exact boundary observability is also given for unsteady supercritical flows.