In order to improve the reliability of the design and calculation of single piles under the combined vertical and lateral loads, the solutions were presented based on the subgrade reaction method, in which the ultimat...In order to improve the reliability of the design and calculation of single piles under the combined vertical and lateral loads, the solutions were presented based on the subgrade reaction method, in which the ultimate soil resistance was considered and the coefficient of subgrade reaction was assumed to be a constant. The corresponding computational program was developed using FORTRAN language. A comparison between the obtained solutions and the model test results was made to show the validity of the obtained solutions. The calculation results indicate that both the maximum lateral displacement and bending moment increase with the increase of the vertical and lateral loads and the pile length above ground, while decrease as the pile stiffness, the coefficient of subgrade reaction and the yielding displacement of soil increase. It is also shown that the pile head condition controls the pile responses and the vertical load may cause the instability problem to the pile. In general, the proposed method can be employed to calculate the pile responses independent of the magnitude of the pile deflection.展开更多
The present study aimed at investigating the reliability and content validity of a comprehensive test of Interlanguage Pragmatics （ILP） developed for the academic situations in the Iranian context. To do so, a meta-...The present study aimed at investigating the reliability and content validity of a comprehensive test of Interlanguage Pragmatics （ILP） developed for the academic situations in the Iranian context. To do so, a meta-analysis of 50 articles which had reported on the tests of ILP was done and the criteria required for the selection of the speech acts of academic situations were developed. Then a Multiple-Choice Discourse Completion Test （MDCT） of interlanguage pragmatics was developed and validated through native checked situations and items based on meta-pragmatics procedures. Participants of the study were 50 M.A. students majoring in TEFL （Teaching English as a Foreign Language） studying at Iranian universities as well as 50 native speakers of English. The findings revealed that the test developed enjoyed high internal consistency and content validity. The present findings could contribute to the fields of second language testing and assessment in general and testing interlanguage pragmatics in particular.展开更多
Three pragmatic theories in terms of two properties of utterance-explicitness and implicitness are surveyed, with a general commentary and a proposal of further development in the study of explicitness and implicitnes...Three pragmatic theories in terms of two properties of utterance-explicitness and implicitness are surveyed, with a general commentary and a proposal of further development in the study of explicitness and implicitness of utterance in view of its sound features.展开更多
This study aims to explore whether developing critical thinking ability from the perspective of pragmatic presupposition can help non-English majors improve their writing achievements.This empirical study employs test...This study aims to explore whether developing critical thinking ability from the perspective of pragmatic presupposition can help non-English majors improve their writing achievements.This empirical study employs tests as the instruments.126 non-English majors from a key university of Shandong Province participate in the study.The results of the Ennis-Weir Critical Thinking Essay Test indicate that most subjects(95%)have inadequate or limited critical thinking ability,which leads to digression,repetitive and lengthy description,and unconvincing arguments,as well as illogical or incoherent structures in writing.After a ten-week teaching instruction from the perspective of pragmatic presupposition,students in experimental group improve their writing achievements,indicating that the instruction of critical thinking ability from the perspective of pragmatic presupposition may have certain effects on their writing performance.The study will promote the application of pragmatic presupposition to writing teaching and offer some implications for the teaching of English writing.展开更多
This thesis is concerned with the ＂stylistic analysis＂ of the sonnet ＂no worst, there is none＂. Stylistic rules are discourse bound, in the sense that the acceptability of sentences derived by the application of s...This thesis is concerned with the ＂stylistic analysis＂ of the sonnet ＂no worst, there is none＂. Stylistic rules are discourse bound, in the sense that the acceptability of sentences derived by the application of stylistic rules is crucially dependent upon their appropriateness to the contexts of utterances. The poetic language has poetic licences, can be an interpretation for the foreground regularities and foreground irregularities of poem. In this paper, I shall discuss the warranty and significance for these foregrounded regularities and irregularities stylistically, and evaluate it in the context.展开更多
English Sitcoms are widely welcomed by teachers and students, but it has been debatable whether they are suitable for teaching material in English teaching. Though in these sitcoms spoken English with full-filled humo...English Sitcoms are widely welcomed by teachers and students, but it has been debatable whether they are suitable for teaching material in English teaching. Though in these sitcoms spoken English with full-filled humor is the main feature, there is still a long distance between real and Actors＇ lines. Through English spoken feature, we take American popular long sitcom ＂Friends＂ and ＂Big Bang＂ as the example, combined the analysis of real spoken language in the sitcom in order to dig out the suitability when we need to select appropriate teaching material.展开更多
A hybrid approach to English Part-of-Speech(PoS) tagging with its target application being English-Chinese machine translation in business domain is presented,demonstrating how a present tagger can be adapted to learn...A hybrid approach to English Part-of-Speech(PoS) tagging with its target application being English-Chinese machine translation in business domain is presented,demonstrating how a present tagger can be adapted to learn from a small amount of data and handle unknown words for the purpose of machine translation.A small size of 998 k English annotated corpus in business domain is built semi-automatically based on a new tagset;the maximum entropy model is adopted,and rule-based approach is used in post-processing.The tagger is further applied in Noun Phrase(NP) chunking.Experiments show that our tagger achieves an accuracy of 98.14%,which is a quite satisfactory result.In the application to NP chunking,the tagger gives rise to 2.21% increase in F-score,compared with the results using Stanford tagger.展开更多
There has been much heated discussion on College English Test for non-English majors Band 4 and Band 6 because it has exerted great influence on English teaching in Chinese universities. This essay is intended to expl...There has been much heated discussion on College English Test for non-English majors Band 4 and Band 6 because it has exerted great influence on English teaching in Chinese universities. This essay is intended to explore the reliability, validity,practicality and washback of this large-scale test by focusing on CET Band 4. The author of this report discusses the merits as well as some existing problems of this test and offers some suggestions at the end of the essay.展开更多
基金Foundation item： Projects（50708093, 50808159） supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘In order to improve the reliability of the design and calculation of single piles under the combined vertical and lateral loads, the solutions were presented based on the subgrade reaction method, in which the ultimate soil resistance was considered and the coefficient of subgrade reaction was assumed to be a constant. The corresponding computational program was developed using FORTRAN language. A comparison between the obtained solutions and the model test results was made to show the validity of the obtained solutions. The calculation results indicate that both the maximum lateral displacement and bending moment increase with the increase of the vertical and lateral loads and the pile length above ground, while decrease as the pile stiffness, the coefficient of subgrade reaction and the yielding displacement of soil increase. It is also shown that the pile head condition controls the pile responses and the vertical load may cause the instability problem to the pile. In general, the proposed method can be employed to calculate the pile responses independent of the magnitude of the pile deflection.
文摘The present study aimed at investigating the reliability and content validity of a comprehensive test of Interlanguage Pragmatics （ILP） developed for the academic situations in the Iranian context. To do so, a meta-analysis of 50 articles which had reported on the tests of ILP was done and the criteria required for the selection of the speech acts of academic situations were developed. Then a Multiple-Choice Discourse Completion Test （MDCT） of interlanguage pragmatics was developed and validated through native checked situations and items based on meta-pragmatics procedures. Participants of the study were 50 M.A. students majoring in TEFL （Teaching English as a Foreign Language） studying at Iranian universities as well as 50 native speakers of English. The findings revealed that the test developed enjoyed high internal consistency and content validity. The present findings could contribute to the fields of second language testing and assessment in general and testing interlanguage pragmatics in particular.
文摘Three pragmatic theories in terms of two properties of utterance-explicitness and implicitness are surveyed, with a general commentary and a proposal of further development in the study of explicitness and implicitness of utterance in view of its sound features.
文摘This study aims to explore whether developing critical thinking ability from the perspective of pragmatic presupposition can help non-English majors improve their writing achievements.This empirical study employs tests as the instruments.126 non-English majors from a key university of Shandong Province participate in the study.The results of the Ennis-Weir Critical Thinking Essay Test indicate that most subjects(95%)have inadequate or limited critical thinking ability,which leads to digression,repetitive and lengthy description,and unconvincing arguments,as well as illogical or incoherent structures in writing.After a ten-week teaching instruction from the perspective of pragmatic presupposition,students in experimental group improve their writing achievements,indicating that the instruction of critical thinking ability from the perspective of pragmatic presupposition may have certain effects on their writing performance.The study will promote the application of pragmatic presupposition to writing teaching and offer some implications for the teaching of English writing.
文摘This thesis is concerned with the ＂stylistic analysis＂ of the sonnet ＂no worst, there is none＂. Stylistic rules are discourse bound, in the sense that the acceptability of sentences derived by the application of stylistic rules is crucially dependent upon their appropriateness to the contexts of utterances. The poetic language has poetic licences, can be an interpretation for the foreground regularities and foreground irregularities of poem. In this paper, I shall discuss the warranty and significance for these foregrounded regularities and irregularities stylistically, and evaluate it in the context.
文摘English Sitcoms are widely welcomed by teachers and students, but it has been debatable whether they are suitable for teaching material in English teaching. Though in these sitcoms spoken English with full-filled humor is the main feature, there is still a long distance between real and Actors＇ lines. Through English spoken feature, we take American popular long sitcom ＂Friends＂ and ＂Big Bang＂ as the example, combined the analysis of real spoken language in the sitcom in order to dig out the suitability when we need to select appropriate teaching material.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.61173100the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No.GDUT10RW202
文摘A hybrid approach to English Part-of-Speech(PoS) tagging with its target application being English-Chinese machine translation in business domain is presented,demonstrating how a present tagger can be adapted to learn from a small amount of data and handle unknown words for the purpose of machine translation.A small size of 998 k English annotated corpus in business domain is built semi-automatically based on a new tagset;the maximum entropy model is adopted,and rule-based approach is used in post-processing.The tagger is further applied in Noun Phrase(NP) chunking.Experiments show that our tagger achieves an accuracy of 98.14%,which is a quite satisfactory result.In the application to NP chunking,the tagger gives rise to 2.21% increase in F-score,compared with the results using Stanford tagger.
文摘There has been much heated discussion on College English Test for non-English majors Band 4 and Band 6 because it has exerted great influence on English teaching in Chinese universities. This essay is intended to explore the reliability, validity,practicality and washback of this large-scale test by focusing on CET Band 4. The author of this report discusses the merits as well as some existing problems of this test and offers some suggestions at the end of the essay.
