厘清学术性、行政性与社会经济效益性评价——人文社会科学评价活动的反思

依据评价目的不同,人文社会科学评价呈现为三种基本类型:学术性评价、行政性评价与社会经济效益性评价。在评价活动中,价值大小是通过不同评价对象优异程度的比较而得以体现的,而评价对象价值的实现又依赖于评价者对其优异的承认与否。承认分为工具性承认和荣誉性承认,与此对应,优异可区分为品质的优异和成就的优异。

基于多视角的绿色建筑经济效益性分析

当前绿色建筑因其能在有效满足人们居住舒适要求、提高建筑资源利用率、减少对环境负面影响的同时,在后期运营过程中持续为社会创造出良好的经济效益而颇受青睐,但对其经济效益及外部性等问题一直存有争议。笔者以绿色建筑的全生命期和利益相关者为主线,分别从生命期各阶段以及政府、开发商、消费者等多个角度解析绿色建筑的经济效益,并在综合分析各项影响因素的基础上针对性地提出对策建议,促进绿色建筑的发展与推广。

碳减排约束下我国出口部门经济环境效率的变动分析

加入WTO为我国带来经济增长同时也产生了巨大的环境代价,碳减排已成为我国经济发展的硬约束。将经济绩效与碳排放纳入同一个分析框架对部门的综合绩效进行评价具有现实意义。基于2000年、2007年和2014年WIOD的WIOT投入产出数据和CEADS的部门二氧化碳排放数据,使用投入产出分析法和聚类分析法,构造出口部门经济效益—环境代价的评价指标,评价了我国出口部门入世以来的综合绩效变化情况。发现研究期内我国出口部门整体的经营绩效在提升;而高能耗部门的出口绩效一直相对较差。研究指标的构建与多种研究方法的结合使用为后续相关领域的研究提供了参考,研究结论对国家制定产业政策、环保政策和对外贸易政策具有借鉴意义。

电影在市场运作过程中的双向追求

电影具有社会性和企业性双重特征。电影产品的外部物化形态是需要进入市场运作的商品,其内在本质是经过艺术处理后的意识和精神。电影应当注意到担负起争取经济效益和社会效益双种责任。振兴和发展中国电影的根本,在于遵循"思想性、艺术性、观赏性"的三性统一,在市场运作的过程中坚持双向追求,催生出真正优秀的电影产品。

Study on Application of Microbial Ecological Agents, Replacements for Antibiotics, in Weaned Piglet Production

In order to investigate the appIication effects of microbial ecoIogical agents as repIacements for antibiotics in weaned pigIets, a total of 120 28 d oId healthy Duroc ＆#215;Landrace ＆#215;Large White weaned pigIets with simiIar bogy weights and body fats and cIose birth dates were seIected. They were randomIy divided into three groups, incIuding controI group （CK）, antibiotic group （A） and microbial ecoIogical agent group （MEA）. The growth performance, health status and economic benefits of the weaned pigIets were measured. The resuIts showed that the A and MEA groups couId better enhance the immunity of weaned pigIets and improve the economic benefits in the whoIe experimental period compared to the CK group （P〈0.01）. How-ever, there were no significant differences in pigIet immunity and economic benefits between the A and MEA groups （P〉0.05）. It is indicated that the Rujunbao, a mi-crobial ecoIogical agent, can be promoted in weaned pigIet production as a repIace-ment for antibiotic.

Effects of Probiotics on Growth Performance and Blood Biochemical Indexes of Cherry Valley Ducks

In order to investigate the effects of probiotics on growth performance, blood biochemical indexes and economic benefits of Cherry Valley ducks, different probiotics were added into the feed of Cherry Valley ducks. Total 240 1-d-old Cherry Valley ducks were selected, and they were randomly divided into 4 groups, including 1 control group and 3 treatment groups. There were 3 replicates for each group and there were 20 ducks for each replicate. The ducks in the control group were fed the basal diet, and the ducks in the 3 treatment groups were fed the basal diet added with Lactobacillus, Bacillus natto and florfenicol, respectively. The test lasted for 42 d. The results showed that the addition of Lactobacillus and Bacillus natto could improve the average daily weight gain and final average weight （P〈0.05） of Cherry Valley ducks, and reduce the glutamic-pyruvic transaminase ac- tivity, alkaline phosphatase activity and serum urinary nitrogen content in duck blood （P〈0.05） and reduce the creatinine content and total cholesterol content in Cherry Valley ducks （P〉0.05）; at the same time, adding probiotics to feed could also in- crease the grass economic benefits of Cherry Valley ducks. In overall, the effects of adding probiotics were better than those of adding antibiotic.

粗中煤泥离心机脱水工艺优化改造

针对水峪选煤厂末中煤使用立式刮刀卸料离心机脱水后,产品水分波动大、设备故障率高、维修成本高等问题,进行了末中煤与块中煤共同使用卧式振动卸料离心机脱水的工艺改造,改造完成后综合中煤产品水分降低2%~3%,年节支降耗达80余万元。

Stratus FT系列服务器技术分析及实际应用

容错服务器对很多用户来说，早已不再陌生。建立在冗余技术基础之上的容错服务器，在解决单点故障、缩短故障恢复时间、降低人为错误、减少部件和软件版本不兼容等方面相对于集群服务器都显示出其强大优势。

Performance analysis and improvement of geothermal binary cycle power plant in oilfield

In order to improve the efficiency of a geothermal power plant, oil wells in the high water cut stage were used as geothermal wells, thereby improving the recovery ratio and economic benefit. A new function that reflects both the technical and economic performances was put forward and used as the objective function. An organic Rankine cycle (ORC) was analyzed through the energetic and exergetic analyses, and the reasons for low efficiency were pinpointed. Results indicate that geothermal water directly transferring heat to the working fluid reduces energy dissipation and increases cycle efficiencies. The net power output with an internal heat exchanger (IHE) is averagely 5.3% higher than that without an IHE. R601a and R601 can be used to replace R123 for geothermal water below 110℃. Moreover, the modified ORC dramatically outperforms the actual one.

Analysis on Conditions of Northwest,North China and Shandong Power Grids Interconnection

This paper analyzes the possibility and benefits of interconnection of Northwest Power Grid with North China and Shangdong power grids. With different energy resources and power demand patterns, these three power grids have large potential benefits in future interconnection.

Effects of Phosphate Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Eleocharis dulcis

The effects of different application levels and species of phosphatic fertilizer on Eleocharis dulcis were studied. The results showed that the growth stage of Eleocharis dulcis was not significantly influenced by different levels of phosphatic fertilizer application, with phosphorus level in 195-375 kg/hm^2. With increasing of the phosphorus level, starch and total soluble sugar accumulated, but the yield was not improved significantly. The analysis on the economic benefits showed that the best phosphorus level was 195 kg/hm^2. The growth stage and yield of Eleocharis dulcis were not considerably influenced by different proportions of calcium-magnesia phosphate fertilizer and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate. With increasing of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, big-fruit rate of Eleocharis dulcis kept growing, but the accumulations of starch and total soluble sugar were decreasing.

Effects of Stocking Density on Water Quality,Growth and Economic Benefits of Chinese Softshelled Turtle Pelodiscus sinensis in Ponds

The Chinese soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis is a high-valued freshwater species cultured in China.This study investigated the effects of stocking density on water quality,growth performance and economic return of Pelodiscus sinensis cultured in ponds.P.sinensis were stocked at densities of 1 ind./m^2(LD:low stocking density) and 2 ind./m^2(HD:high stocking density) in 3 000-m^2 ponds,with three replicate ponds for each density.P.sinensis juveniles were fed with a commercial dry pellet feed of 46% crude protein and minced fillet of silver carp ans cultured for 122 days.The results showed that the levels of total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorous(TP),Chlorophyll-a(Chl.a) and turbidity in LD treatment were significantly lower than those in HD treatment(P<0.05).The mean TN and TP concentration in LD treatment was 29.3% and 35.7% lower compared to the HD treatment at the end of the experiment,respectively.Mean survival rates,final weight,average growth rates and PER were significantly higher in LD treatment compared with the HD treatment(P<0.05),respectively.Production was significantly affected by stocking density,which was higher in HD treatment,but the net income was higher in LD treatment.The results suggest that turtles with mean weight 55.6 g rearing at a low stocking density(1 ind./m^2) in ponds had a positive effect on overall economic return and was effective at improving turtle growth performance and water quality.

Analysis on Economic Performance of Electrical Equipment Industry in 2010

In this paper the analysis is presented on the economic performance of the electrical equipment industry in 2010.Substantial increase was seen in both the economic aggregate indices such as production and sales,and economic efficiency indices such as profits.Increase of indices that reflect foreign trade situation of the industry,such as import volume,export volume,gross import and export volume,and export delivery volume were prominent in particular.The industry has completely stepped out of the "negative growth" predicament in 2009,comprehensively outperformed the level in 2008,and recovered true growth.The economic situation of the electrical equipment industry in 2011 is also predicted in this paper.

Simultaneous optimization of heat-integrated crude oil distillation systems

Crude oil distillation is important in refining industry. Operating variables of distillation process have a critical effect on product output value and energy consumption. However, the objectives of minimum energy consumption and maximum product output value do not coordinate with each other and do not lead to the maximum economic benefit of a refinery. In this paper, a systematic optimization approach is proposed for the maximum annual economic benefit of an existing crude oil distillation system, considering product output value and energy consumption simultaneously. A shortcut model in Aspen Plus is used to describe the crude oil distillation and the pinch analysis is adopted to identify the target of energy recovery. The optimization is a nonlinear programming problem and solved by stochastic algorithm of particle warm optimization.

Evaluating Economic and Environmental Benefits of Integrating Solar Photovoltaics within Future Residential Buildings in Saudi Arabia

Renewable energy options, including solar power, are becoming increasingly viable alternatives to conventional sources of energy, such as oil, coal and natural gas. Solar Photovoltaic （PV） technology is one type of solar energy technologies that has recently received substantial attention because it offers the possibility of providing clean power sources for buildings. The aim of this paper is to examine the economic viability of using solar PV within future residential buildings in the oil-rich Saudi Arabia. Strictly speaking, the prospects of using the PV in order to provide 10% of the electricity to be consumed in the houses, which are going to be built in Sandi Arabia over the period 2010-2025, are examined. The study reveals that significant economic and environmental benefits could be realized as a result of such an endeavor.

Economic Cost-Effectiveness of the Implementation of the Quality Standard ISO 9001 in the Health Sector

The quality standard ISO 9001 helps and enables organizations, regardless of the sector where they exist, to implement the quality management properly. Recent years have attracted attention to the possibilities of implementing this standard in the health sector and the economic viability of that long-term investment. Health care organizations are recognizing the value system that combines all the criteria for managing quality, including management of business, compliance and management of procedural steps, and most importantly, the total quality management. In general, the implementation of ISO 9001：2008 standard for quality in health care institutions is seen as an opportunity to improve the quality of health care, and the entire process is to be completed by reducing costs and improving services in the sector. The implementation of a quality standard is directed towards patients, medical staff, and management in order to achieve reduction and complete relief from the pain, correct and professional services, conducted services with an appropriate skilled and professional care to obtain results that are comparable to known standards, and protection services with appropriate insurance policies, and the management expects the implementation of a quality system to justify and return their investments. The methods used in this paper are based on the quality standard ISO 9001：2008--Quality Management System and the Guidelines for Improving Performance, developed based on ISO 9004：2000： Quality Management System-43uidelines for Continuous Improvement. These guidelines contain a big part of the text in ISO 9004：2000, but they are supplemented with specific guidelines for their implementation in the health sector. The implementation of the system and monitoring guidelines evidently contributes to the overall resolution and closure of problems in over 50% of cases. This not only results in saving money for the institution, but it also globally leads to reduced variations in the healing process. Expected benefits from implementing the system in the health care sector in the Republic of Macedonia relate to providing a substantial foundation for obtaining all the necessary facilities and reduction of the costs by reducing the inappropriate staff in exactly determined departments. Implementation of future accreditation processes can be accomplished in a much shorter period of time, especially when there is good communication and cooperation among the departments. Improved working systems, processes, and final results inevitably contribute to happy and healthy patients.

电厂不设置凝结水精处理装置的可行性探讨

某电厂为300 MW亚临界汽包炉机组,利用矿井水作为二次循环冷却水,凝汽器管材采用TP316不锈钢。文章从技术可行性和经济效益性两方面,对其不设置凝结水精处理装置进行了分析,并结合国内汽包炉未设置凝结水精处理装置的应用实例,提出了该电厂可不设置凝结水精处理装置的方案。

A comparative study on different multiple cropping patterns of Bupleurum chinense

Bupleurum chinense is a genuine medicinal material in Shanxi Province,and planting B.chinense is one of the main sources for local farmers to increase their income.In B.chinense cultivation,wheat-B.chinense,maize-B.chinense and soybean-B.chinense are commonly used as multiple cropping patterns.In the present study,we studied the effects of three different multiple cropping patterns on N,P and K levels of soil,photosynthetic parameters,agronomic characteristics,saikosaponin A,C and D contents,yield and economic benefits of B.chinense.The results showed that the soybean-B.chinense multiple cropping pattern was beneficial to the enrichment of N in the soil,thus promoting photosynthetic parameters,growth,saikosaponin accumulation,yield and economic benefits of B.chinense.It is suggested that soybean-B.chinense multiple cropping was an appropriate multiple cropping pattern for local cultivation of B.chinense.