城市新婚夫妇性与婚育观初探——1000份问卷调查分析

随着改革开放和计划生育工作的深入开展．人们的性与婚育观念都发生了不同程度的改变．了解和掌握这些变化、对于开展人口、优生和计划生育基础知识教育，对于提高当前各地兴办起来的婚育学校的教学质量，具有十分重要的意义．为此，我们以汕头市新婚夫妇学校的学员为对象，进行一次问卷调查。

Genetic Study on Barley Male Sterility

[Objective] The aim was to research the genetic mechanism of barley male sterility, and provide the theoretical reference for breeding strong heterosis hybrid of barley. [ Method] Fertility segregation phenomenon, morphological characteristics and main agronomic characters of male sterility character of 4 kinds of barley male sterility materials 2001 - 17, 2001 - 37, 2001 - 84 and 2001 - 116 and their dedved lines were observed and researched.[ Result] Barley male sterility existed genetic phenomenon of single dominant nuclear gene caused by environmental stimulation, its sterility controlled by MS, the sterile genotype was MSms. There was stable nucleo-cytoplasmic inheritance on barley male sterility which was controlled by cytoplasmic mate sterile gene S and nuclear gene rr, and its genotype was S（rr）, this male sterility belonged to CMS type sterility. Temperature had no effect on fertility. [ Conclusion] There was stable nucleo-cytoplasmic inheritance on barley male sterility, this result played a positively promoting role in barley practical production.

Research on Pollen Grains of Tetraploid Lines and Diploid Control Line of Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium (Trev.) Vis.

[Objective] The aim was to study characters of pollen grains of tetraploid lines and diploid control line of Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium (Trev.) Vis.,morphological characters,fertility of pollen grain and germination percentage of seeds. [Method] Pollen grains were prepared by sulphuric acid-acetyl oxide decomposition method. The lengths of polar axis and equatorial axis of pollen grains were determined with general optical microscope. The morphology of pollen grains was observed with SEM (scanning electron microscope) and the typical visual fields of 2 500× (or 2 000×),7 000× were taken pictures. [Result] Comparing with the diploid control line,the pollen grains of five tetraploid lines which were tested were different from the diploid line in morphology,sculpture,etc.. 4 of the 5 tested samples were significant larger than the diploid line in size and one was similar to the diploid line. [Conclusion] This research provided references for breeding tetraploid improved varieties of Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium (Trev.) Vis. with good fertility and high germination percentage.

Polyploidy Induction of Pteroceltis tatarinowii Maxim.

[Objective] This study was conducted to obtain tetraploid Pteroceltis tatar# nowii Maxim. with excellent ornamental traits. [Method] The stem apex growing points of Pteroceltis tatarinowii Maxim. were treated with different concentrations of colchicine solution for different hours to figure out a proper method and obtain poly- ploids. [Result] The most effective induction was obtained by treatment with 0.6%- 0.8% colchicine for 72 h with 34.2% mutation rate. Flow cytometry and chromosome observation of the stem apex growing point of P. tatarinowii Maxim. proved that the tetraploid plants were successfully obtained with chromosome number 2n=4x=36. [Conclusion] The result not only fills the blank of polyploid breeding of P. tatarinowii, but also provides an effective way to broaden the methods of cultivation of fast- growing, high-quality, disease-resilience, new varieties of Pteroceltis.

Subjectivity Versus Objectivity in Teaching Foreign Language

In this paper we propose to discuss the issue of subjectivity versus objectivity teaching practice of foreign language, especially English, in Brazil. Starting from the short story ＂The Parrot and Descartes＂ by Pauline Melville, we argue that Cartesianism has influenced a view on education which tends to consider good and valuable what is ＂scientific＂, ＂objective＂ and ＂universal＂. The subjective and the local seem to be considered undesirable and unreliable. Brazilian scholars on the education field, such as Coracini and Souza are important support for our argument.

Construction of Coherence Identity in Sports： The Case of the ＂Grand Raid＂ Running Race in Nature of Reunion Island

Sportsmen who engage in sports in open natural settings are not always coherent in their behaviors towards environment; in fact, they seldom are. From survey made on a sport event the ＂Grand Raid 2010＂, a foot race in mountains of Reunion Island, the authors discover that these sportsmen are not the good activists fighting for a green planet that they imagine they are. The authors try to explain the disparity between the perception that they have of themselves and the reality of their practices.

Opportunities and Challenges for Global Student Mobility： A Study on Undergraduates＇ Experiences

This paper examines the study abroad experiences of undergraduates, explores the students＇ values and perspectives on being global citizens, and expresses the way they think of themselves as members of the broader world community. The research was conducted by interviewing students who had experiences studying abroad. It aims to open a debate about the meanings and understandings of global student mobility which is based on the opinions and values of college students who had either long or short-term study abroad experiences. The study shows that students have grasped the transformation of globalization and are concerned with their competitiveness in the global stage. They pointed out that their higher education courses are lacking in providing enough opportunities for students to encounter the broader world. Also, students often cope with culture shock issues such as the way they interact with classmates, the attitude of contributing toward society, and the barrier to communicate using local languages. Proposed changes can start with professors, for example, by bringing the reality of other cultures into the students＇ learning process, by showing the common values and competencies of modern college students, and by contributing to critical thinking.

Complexity and Strategy of Ideological and Political Education Environment in the New Century

With the overall socio-economic development at home and abroad, the macro environment of ideological and political education and political economy and society, as well as family and school microscopic environment, faces serious challenges. It is currently an important task of ideological and political education, guided by ＂Long-term Education Reform and Development Plan＂, to recognize the importance and complexity of the ideological and political education environment, and actively respond to challenges of the changing domestic and international environment, continuous optimization of ideological and political education environment.

Mechanisms of reproductive aging in the females

Aging is a developmental process occurring in all living organisms after reaching a critical developmental stage,characterized by progressive loss of functions until death.Different cells/tissues age differently depending on epigenetics and cell-cell interactions.While males maintain fertility for the most part of their life females only maintain reproductive ability for a short time compared with their lifespan.The interesting question is why and how the females lose fertility so quickly.There have been many hypotheses proposed from different perspectives and recent research has revealed unusual interactions between germ cells and somatic cells which may determine the lifespan of reproduction in the females.This review briefly discusses recent progress in reproductive aging in the well studied model,C.elegans,and focuses on the molecular mechanisms which may be conserved across all animals including humans.