污水源热泵系统运行性能实测与节能潜力分析

笔者对大连某原生污水源热泵供热供冷系统进行了实测,获得了该系统供暖季和供冷季的运行数据,供暖季污水温度平均值为10.45℃,机组和系统平均COP分别为5.02和3.93;供冷季污水温度平均值为18.43℃,供冷季机组和系统平均COP分别为6.26和4.54。为了进一步减少污水源热泵系统的运行能耗,提高系统COP,一方面对污水换热器换热系数进行测试研究,与运行初期相比污水换热器换热系数下降了50.08%,更换换热器后,机组和系统COP分别提高了16.08%和11.36%,说明污水源热泵系统定期清洁和更换换热器的重要性;另一方面对污水源热泵机组变工况运行时蒸发器侧和冷凝器侧进水温度和流量对机组性能影响进行分析,基于Data Fit软件建立了机组性能随蒸发器和冷凝器进水温度和流量变化的数学模型,并基于TRNSYS平台对系统负荷侧水泵定频和变频工况分别进行模拟,变频运行机组和系统COP均增加,系统累计能耗减少约18.52%。

严寒地区地铁车站环控系统运行性能实测研究

选取严寒地区的2座地铁车站,实地测试了全年不同季节车站环控系统的运行性能及取消轨底排风后轨行区的温度变化情况。结果显示:严寒地区地铁车站冬季站厅、站台温度保障效果不佳,需进一步降低冷风渗透的不利影响;列车活塞效应对车站影响显著,闭式运行及开式运行时出入口渗透新风量均可满足人员新风需求,考虑到公共区温度远低于设计规范要求,可关闭机械通风系统;列车停靠等对轨底温度的影响小于1℃,轨底排风的取消不会导致轨底温度过高。

新一代天气雷达天线和馈源的实测性能

本文给出了新一代天气雷达天线馈源的实测E、H平面方向图、馈源的输入VSWR曲线，以及新一代天气雷达天线的次级方向图。

铝合金厚板生产工艺和实测性能及缺陷分析

对典型厚板铝合金的热轧工艺与轧制率系统、轧机的基本技术参数作了阐述。在厚板生产中不可避免地会出现一些缺陷,对其产生原因与预防措施作了较详细的阐明,介绍了一些典型铝合金厚板的实测力学性能和电导率。

钢桥面铺装现场实测性能对比研究

现有桥面铺装相关研究在室内实验性能方面较多,在实际使用性能方面研究较为匮乏。采用路面使用性能指数评价与室内试验相结合方法对环氧沥青铺装和复合式铺装(沥青玛蹄脂+浇注式沥青混凝土)两种铺装层的现场使用性能进行对比分析。路面使用性能检测结果表明:两种铺装的国际平整度指数与横向力系数基本相当,复合式铺装的车辙深度大于环氧沥青铺装。间接拉伸动态模量试验表明:铺装层动态模量与加载频率成正比,与温度成反比,环氧沥青铺装动态模量大于复合式铺装。GPC试验结果表明:环氧沥青铺装病害区与无病害区LMS比值差异显著,复合式铺装则不明显;集料筛分结果显示推移拥包区浇注式混凝土细集料比例较无病害区高50%以上。两种铺装的病害各有特点,但都与层间结合不良或失效有关。

空气源热泵应用于虾塘供热的性能测试与分析

在虾塘冬季养殖中,为了节能环保,本文提出采用空气源热泵代替燃煤锅炉的供热方式。通过估算虾塘冬季负荷,选择了一台10匹(HP)空气源热泵机组,并在某虾塘采用液体载冷剂法测试其性能。结果表明,空气源热泵机组可以满足虾塘水温20℃以上的供热需求。经济性分析显示,冬季和春季两季养殖收益可收回空气源热泵设备的初投资,并且仍有62,600元/塘的利润。

T4-72 4-79离心风机的性能差异及原因分析

公布了粮食行业常用的T4-72;4-79离心风机的实测性能,并对实测性能低于原公称性能的主要原因进行了分析。

国内外建筑遮阳设计实践与研究进展

本文从建筑遮阳发展历史、新型建筑遮阳设计实践、绿色建筑和建筑节能标准对建筑遮阳的新要求、遮阳性能实测与模拟分析,以及遮阳控制策略等角度,梳理总结了近5年国内外建筑遮阳的实践和研究进展情况。

8097在三相功率表中的应用

本文介绍了使用８０９７单片机直接测量电功功率的一种方案，详细叙述了其硬件和软件的工作原理，给出了使用本方案开发的功率表的实测性能参数．

Real-time Threshold Routing Algorithm Based on Wireless Sensor Network

[Objective] This study was to design an intelligent greenhouse real-time monitoring system based on the core technology of Internet of Things in order to meet the needs of agricultural informatization and intellectualization. [Method] Based on the application characteristics of Wireless Sensor Network （WSN）, the intelligent greenhouse monitoring system was designed. And for the incompleteness strategy of load balancing in the Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy （LEACH）, a Real- time Threshold Routing Algorithm （RTRA） was proposed. [Result] The performance of network lifetime and network delay of RTRA were tested in MATLAB and found that, within the same testing environment, RTRA can save nodes energy consumption, prolong network lifetime, and had better real-time performance than LEACH. The al- gorithm satisfies the crops＇ requirements on real-time and energy efficiency in the greenhouse system. [Conclusion] For the good performance on real-time, the de- signed intelligent greenhouse real-time monitoring system laid the foundation for the research and development of agricultural informatization and intellectualization.

三款DVD机的公平测试此较

本文介绍三款性能相当接近的中价位DVD机,它们是飞利浦的DVD815AT、三菱的DD-2000和RCA的RC5510P。其中飞利浦机和三菱机不但性能酷似一对双胞胎,就连面板设计、机内布局都惊人地相似。飞利浦机在性能、特点和操作方面也与东芝的SD-3107颇为相似,实际上飞利浦机的前身包装箱上都贴有东芝的标签,这充分说明了飞利浦和东芝技术的内在衔接关系。

Development and Lubricating Properties of Rolling Oil for Stainless Steel Cold Rolling

Appropriate base oils and homologous additives such as extreme pressure and anti-wear agents,oiliness agents and antioxidants were selected,and experiments testing the compatibility performance between additive,base oil and other components were carried out to develop the SK and SD series of rolling oils for cold rolling of stainless steel.The developed oils were used in the stainless steel cold rolling lubrication experiments,and were successfully applied in the actual cold rolling operation of stainless steel.Compared with a foreign product,the tribological properties,the thermal oxidation stability,and the rolling lubrication performance of the developed stainless steel cold rolling oils were studied.Test results showed that the tribological properties of the thereby developed rolling oils and the reference one were almost at the same level,and to some extent the performance of rolling was even better than the foreign product,at the same time the stainless steel sheet could retain its well annealed performance.Meanwhile,within a certain range,the lubrication of the rolling oil became better as its viscosity increased at the same level of saponification value,which could provide a lower friction coefficient,so that a higher maximum reduction ratio of the rolled piece through a constant roll gap and a minimum thickness could be secured.Also,similar phenomena appeared as the saponification value increased at a same viscosity level of the rolling oils.

Digital core approach to the effects of clay on the electrical properties of saturated rocks using lattice gas automation

Clay has a significant influence on the relationship between resistivity index I and water saturation Sw （i.e, I-Sw relationship） of reservoir rocks because it complicates the current paths of these rocks. It is difficult to reveal the physical mechanisms of these clay effects on the conductivities of various rocks by physical laboratory measurements because the pore structure, micro distribution and content of clay inside a rock can not be observed and controlled during the experiments. We present a digital rock approach to study these clay effects on the electrical transport properties of reservoir rocks at pore scale using lattice gas automation （LGA） method. The digital rock samples are constructed with the information of grain size distribution from SEM images of reservoir rocks. The LGA is then applied on these digital rocks fully saturated with fluids to simulate the electrical transport properties for revealing the effects of volume and distribution patterns of clay on the non-Archie behaviors of the I-Sw relationship. The very good agreement between the simulated results and the laboratory measurements clearly demonstrates the validity of the LGA in numerical research of rock physics. Based on these studies, a new model has been developed for quantitatively describing the relationship between the saturation exponent and the volume of clay （Vsh）. This development may improve the evaluation for the fluid saturations in reservoir rocks.

Study on the resistance spot welding technology of 22MnMoB hot stamping quenched steel

In this paper, the spot welding technology of a new kind of 22MnMoB hot stamping quenched steel sheet was systematically studied by power frequency spot welder. Through a series of technology and test experiments, we have obtained the optimal spot welding technological parameter condition. According to the results, the relations among spot welding technological parameter, welding nugget, mechanical property and fracture mode were discussed. The effects of all the welding parameters such as welding current, welding time and electrode force on the quality of joint can be boiled down to one thing--the diameter of welding nugget. The experimental results showed that welding nugget diameter determines the mechanical property of spot welding joint and the relation between welding nugget diameter and the mechanical property of joint presents a kind of linear mathematic representation. There are two typical fracture models of 22MnMoB hot stamping quenched steel sheet, i.e., interracial fracture and nugget pullout. Other than mild steel or normal high strength steel, in the shearing tensile test, hot stamping quenched steel has a great tendency to fail in interfacial mode due to the effects of high strength matrix structure, welding soft zone and the porosity level of fusion zone.

Cardiorenal biomarkers in acute heart failure

Managing patients with heart failure （HF） is a challenging task within itself, but the presence of associated worsening renal function can greatly increase mortality and morbidity. Early diagnosis and treatment is the key to prevent re-hospitalizations and reduce healthcare costs. Biomarkers have long been established as highly sensitive and specific tools in diagnosing and prognosticating patients with HF. Reflecting distinct pathophysiological events and ongoing cellular insult, biomarkers have been proven superior to conventional laboratory tests. Availability of better assays and rapid analysis has allowed the use of biomarkers as point-of-care tests in the emergency department and at the patient＇s bed-side. Acute HF patients often go on to develop worsening renal function, termed as acute cardiorenal syndrome. The growing breadth of studies has shown the implications of combining multiple biomarkers to better chart outcomes and produce desirable results in such patients.

A Group-Based Fingerprinting Scheme for Digital Wholesale and Retail

Prior group-based fingerprinting achieves better detection performance when colluders are from the same group. But in digital wholesale and needs to be identified retail, the middleman as well as customers especially against group colluding attack. The group tracing is neglected in previous works. In this paper, we propose a novel multimedia group fingerprint to trace malicious middlemen along with customers. We explore the quality of the non degenerate linear shift register sequence （NDLSRS） which is convenient in group initialization and management. The theoretic analysis and simulation experiment results show that NDLSRS has good resistance against attacks from colluding groups/ members even after its volume expanded.

Impingement capability of high-pressure submerged water jet: Numerical prediction and experimental verification

At jet pressures ranging from 80 to 120 MPa, submerged water jets are investigated by numerical simulation and experiment. Numerical simulation enables a systematic analysis of major flow parameters such as jet velocity, turbulent kinetic energy as well as void fraction of cavitation. Experiments facilitate an objective assessment of surface morphology, micro hardness and surface roughness of the impinged samples. A comparison is implemented between submerged and non-submerged water jets. The results show that submerged water jet is characterized by low velocity magnitudes relative to non-submerged water jet at the same jet pressure. Shear effect serves as a key factor underlying the inception of cavitation in submerged water jet stream. Predicted annular shape of cavity zone is substantiated by local height distributions associated with experimentally obtained footprints. As jet pressure increases, joint contribution of jet kinetic energy and cavitation is demonstrated. While for non-submerged water jet, impingement force stems exclusively from flow velocity.

Experimental Evaluation of TCP and ICMP in Network Measurement

Network measurement is an important approach to understand network behaviors, which has been widely studied. Both Transfer Control Protocol （TCP） and Interact Control Messages Protocol （ICMP） are applied in network measurement, while investigating the differences between the measured results of these two protocols is an important topic that has been less investigated. In this paper, to compare the differences between TCP and ICMP when they are used in measuring host connectivity, RTT, and packet loss rate, two groups of comparison programs have been designed, and after careful evaluation of the program parameters, a lot of comparison experiments are executed on the Internet. The experimental results show that, there are significant differences between the host connectivity measured using TCP or ICMP; in general, the accuracy of connectivity measured using TCP is 20%- 30% higher than that measured using ICMP. The case of RTT and packet loss rate is complicated, which are related to path loads and destination host loads. While commonly, the RTF and packet loss rate＂ measured using TCP or ICMP are very close. According to the experimental results, some advices are also given on protocol selection for conducting accurate connectivity, RTF and packet loss rate measurements.

Experimental study on creep of high-performance concretes

In order to investigate the compression creep of two kinds of high-performance concrete mixtures used for prestressed members in a bridge,an experimental test under laboratory conditions was carried out.Based on the experimental results,a power exponent function was used to model the creep degree of these high-performance concretes(HPCs) for structural numerical analysis,and two series parameters of this function for the HPCs were given with the optimum method of evolution program.The experimental data were compared with CEB-FIP 90 and ACI 92 models.Results show that the two code models both overestimate the creep degree of two HPCs,so it is recommended that the power exponent function should be used for the creep analysis of bridge structure.

A Comparative Study on the Flexural Behaviour of Waffle and Solid Slab Models When Subjected to Point Load

The determinations of flexural behavior of some engineering structures are based on different theories and equations, but it has been observed that some of these equations may not give true representation. This work has looked into the difference that may occur between theoretical and experimental results. An experimental test carried out on models of waffle and solid slabs structures were described and results from twenty test samples are presented. Each specimen was subjected to an incremental axial loading of 1 kN interval after 28 days of casting. The flexural moments, deflections and crack width at failure were obtained. The experimental flexural crack and theoretical flexural cracks for both types of slabs were compared. The result for flexural moments for waffle was 5.526 kNm, while solid slab was 3.684 kNm. The deflections showed that waffle slabs has 3.64 mm while solid has 9.28 mm, hence waffle has a higher structural stiffness than solid slabs, but the flexural cracks did not give the same results especially for the estimated crack width. It was concluded that estimated results based on developed equations may not be accurate because it is based on ideal situation.