负载Pt的透明TiO2纳米管薄膜的非对称性光电性能

在FTO导电玻璃上采用磁控溅射法和阳极氧化法制备高度透明TiO2纳米管(TNT)阵列薄膜,然后溅射沉积Pt纳米粒子,退火后获得半透明负载Pt的TiO2纳米管阵列薄膜(TNT-Pt)。通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱对薄膜的微观形貌和组成成分进行表征,证实了TNT-Pt薄膜中Pt纳米粒子的存在。测试结果表明,相对于纯TNT阵列薄膜,TNT-Pt薄膜的光吸收边缘明显发生红移,可见光照射下的光电转换效率提高到35倍。此外,鉴于薄膜的半透明性,TNT-Pt薄膜的正面和反面在可见光照射下均进行了光电流测试,薄膜表现出非对称性光电性能,即反面照射时的光电性能明显优于正面照射。

活塞杆贯通式抗蛇行减振器在铁道车辆上的适应性研究

活塞杆贯通式抗蛇行减振器因活塞杆在活塞上下工作腔所占的截面积相等,且活塞上拉伸阻尼阀、压缩阻尼阀参数一致,因此在拉伸和压缩行程中工作腔内的油液通过阻尼阀的流量相等,从而产生相等的阻尼力,使之具有高度对称的动、静态性能,可以弥补双油路抗蛇行减振器静态性能对称性差、单油路抗蛇行减振器动态性能对称性差的不足。首先,基于活塞杆贯通式、双油路和单油路抗蛇行减振器的工作原理和结构参数,建立3种抗蛇行减振器的数值仿真模型;然后,通过减振器性能试验对模型进行验证,对比研究3种抗蛇行减振器仿真下的动、静态性能对称性;最后,利用Simulink将车辆模型和抗蛇行减振器模型进行动力学联合仿真,对比研究小锥度曲线工况下安装活塞杆贯通式和双油路抗蛇行减振器的铁道车辆的曲线稳定性以及大锥度直线工况下安装活塞杆贯通式和单油路抗蛇行减振器的铁道车辆的直线稳定性。研究结果表明:活塞杆贯通式抗蛇行减振器动、静态性能对称性都优异,且都好于双油路和单油路抗蛇行减振器;小锥度曲线工况下,相比于双油路抗蛇行减振器,安装活塞杆贯通式抗蛇行减振器可以提高车辆的非线性临界速度,进一步抑制转向架1.2 Hz左右的摇头振动,提高车辆的曲线稳定性;大锥度直线工况下,相比于单油路抗蛇行减振器,安装活塞杆贯通式抗蛇行减振器可以提高车辆的非线性临界速度,进一步显著抑制转向架8 Hz以下的摇头振动,提高车辆的直线稳定性。研究结果为活塞杆贯通式抗蛇行减振器在铁道车辆上的适应性优势提供理论依据。

Classification and Functional Separable Solutions to Extended Nonlinear Wave Equations

The generalized conditional symmetry approach is applied to study the variable separation of the extended wave equations. Complete classification of those equations admitting functional separable solutions is obtained and exact separable solutions to some of the resulting equations are constructed.

Perturbation to Noether-Lie Symmetry and Adiabatic Invariants for Mechanical Systems in Phase Space

Based on the concept of adiabatic invariant,the perturbation to Noether-Lie symmetry and adiabatic invariants for mechanical systems in phase space are studied.The criterion of the Noether-Lie symmetry for the perturbed system is given,and the definition of the perturbation to Noether-Lie symmetry for the system under the action of small disturbance is presented.Meanwhile,the Noether adiabatic invariants and the generalized Hojman adiabatic invariants of the perturbed system are obtained.

Mei Symmetry and Hojman Conserved Quantity of Nonholonomic Controllable Mechanical System

A non-Noether conserved quantity, i.e., Hojman conserved quantity, constructed by using Mei symmetry for the nonholonomic controllable mechanical system, is presented. Under general infinitesimal transformations, the determining equations of the special Mei symmetry, the constrained restriction equations, the additional restriction equations, and the definitions of the weak Mei symmetry and the strong Mei symmetry of the nonholonomic controllable mechanical system are given. The condition under which Mei symmetry is a Lie symmetry is obtained. The form of the Hojman conserved quantity of the corresponding holonomic mechanical system, the weak Hojman conserved quantity and the strong Hojman conserved quantity of the nonholonomie controllable mechanical system are obtained. An example is given to illustrate the application of the results.

Perturbation of Symmetries and Mei Adiabatic Invariants of Nonholonomic Systems with Servoconstraints

The perturbation of symmetries and Mei adiabatic invariants of nonholonomic systems with servoconstraints are studied. The exact invariants in the form of Mei conserved quantities introduced by the Mei symmetry of nonholonomic systems with servoconstraints without perturbations are given. Based on the definition of higher-order adiabatic invariants of mechanical systems, the perturbation of Mei symmetries for nonholonomic .systems with servoconstraints under the action of small disturbance is investigated, and Mei adiabatic invatiants of the system are obtained. An example is given to illustrate the application of the results.

Potential Symmetries to a System of Three-Component Nonlinear Diffusion Equations

A system of nonlinear diffusion equations with three components is studied via the potential symmetry method. It is shown that the system admits the potential symmetries for certain diffusion terms. The invariant solutions assoeiated with the potential symmetries are obtained.

A novel experimental method to evaluate the impact of volute's asymmetry on the performance of a high pressure ratio turbocharger compressor

All components of a turbocharger compressor are axisymmetric except for the spiral-shaped,gas-collecting overhung volute.In this paper,a novel experimental method to evaluate the impact of the volute's asymmetry on centrifugal compressor performance is proposed and applied to a high pressure-ratio turbocharger compressor.This method can isolate the impact of the volute's asymmetry on the compressor performance for the first time.Experiments prove the considerable impact of the volute's asymmetry on the compressor performance,especially the stability and efficiency.The impact of the volute's asymmetry on compressor stability correlates with rotational speed and thus with the pressure ratio,constricting the stable flow range by up to 47 percent and decreasing the maximum efficiency by 4.8 percent at the design speed.The results provide evidence to exploit the potential of intrinsic non-axisymmetric flow induced by asymmetric volute to improve the performance of turbocharger compressor with a high pressure ratio.

Linear operators and positive semidefiniteness of symmetric tensor spaces

We study symmetric tensor spaces and cones arising from polynomial optimization and physical sciences.We prove a decomposition invariance theorem for linear operators over the symmetric tensor space,which leads to several other interesting properties in symmetric tensor spaces.We then consider the positive semidefiniteness of linear operators which deduces the convexity of the Frobenius norm function of a symmetric tensor.Furthermore,we characterize the symmetric positive semidefinite tensor(SDT)cone by employing the properties of linear operators,design some face structures of its dual cone,and analyze its relationship to many other tensor cones.In particular,we show that the cone is self-dual if and only if the polynomial is quadratic,give specific characterizations of tensors that are in the primal cone but not in the dual for higher order cases,and develop a complete relationship map among the tensor cones appeared in the literature.

Phase behavior and interfacial properties of symmetric polymeric ternary blends A/B/AB

In this paper, the phase behavior and interracial properties of symmetric ternary polymeric blends A/B/AB are studied by dissipative particle dynamics （DPD） simulations. By using the structure factor and nematic order parameter, we carefully characterized the diversified phases and phase transitions, and established the phase diagram of such symmetric ternary blends. It can be generally divided into four regions： disordered phase （DIS） region at high temperature, ordered lameUar phase （LAM） region, bicontinuous microemulsion （BμE） channel and phase-separated phase （2P） region at low temperature with the increase of the total volume fractions of homopolymers φn, which shows good accordance with that in previous experimental and theoretical reports. Furthermore, we calculated the elastic constants of 2P and LAM phase, and discussed the transition mechanisms from 2P and LAM to BμE phase, respectively. The results show a direct relevance between the phase transitions and the change of interfacial properties. Finally, we also demonstrate that the B,uE channel becomes narrower in lower temperature caused by the temperature dependence of interfacial properties of ternary blends.