AIM:A drcannual variation in the onset of several acute diseases, mostly dealing with cardiovascular system,has been reported. The present study was to verify the possible existence of a seasonal variability in the on...AIM:A drcannual variation in the onset of several acute diseases, mostly dealing with cardiovascular system,has been reported. The present study was to verify the possible existence of a seasonal variability in the onset of acute pancreatitis. METHODS:All patients consecutively admitted to the Hospital of Ferrara,Italy,between January 1998 to December 2002, whose discharge diagnosis was acute pancreatitis,were considered.According to the time of admission,cases were categorized into twelve 1-mo intervals and in four periods by season.x^2 test for goodness of fit and partial Fourier series were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS:During the study period,549 cases of acute pancreatitis were observed.A significant peak of higher incidence was found in March-May,both for total population, males and subgroups with and without cholelithiasis or alcoholism.Fourier analysis showed the existence of a circannual rhythmic pattern with its main peak in March(95% CL.:February-April,P=0.005),and a secondary one in September.Death occurred more frequently in December- February,compared to the other periods(P=0.029),and chronobiologic analysis yielded a seasonal peak in November- December(P<0.001). CONCLUSION:This study shows the existence of a circannual variation in the onset of acute pancreatitis,with a significantly higher frequency of events in the spring,especially for patients with cholelithiasis or alcoholism.Moreover,events occurring during the colder months seem to be characterized by a higher mortality rate.展开更多
Objective The current study was aimed to investigate the correlations between immobility time in the forced swimming test （FST, a behavioral indicator of stress level） and hippocampal monoamine levels （markers of d...Objective The current study was aimed to investigate the correlations between immobility time in the forced swimming test （FST, a behavioral indicator of stress level） and hippocampal monoamine levels （markers of depression）, plasma adrenalin level （a peripheral marker of stress） as well as fluoro-jade C staining （a marker of neurodegeneration）. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to acute, sub-chronic （7 d） or chronic （14 d） FSTs and immobility time was recorded. Levels of noradrenalin, serotonin and dopamine in the hippocampus, and adrenalin level in the plasma were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Brain sections from rats after chronic forced swimming or rotenone treatment （3 mg/kg subcutaneously for 4 d） were stained with fluoro-jade C. Results The rats subjected to swimming stress （acute, sub-chronic and chronic） showed long immobility times [（214 ± 5）, （220 ± 4） and （231 ± 7） s, respectively], indicating that the animals were under stress. However, the rats did not exhibit significant declines in hippocampal monoamine levels, and the plasma adrenalin level was not significantly increased compared to that in unstressed rats. The rats that underwent chronic swimming stress did not manifest fluoro-jade C staining in brain sections, while degenerating neurons were evident after rotenone treatment. Conclusion The immobility time in the FST does not correlate with markers of depression （monoamine levels） and internal stress （adrenalin levels and neurodegeneration）, hence this parameter may not be a true indicator of stress level.展开更多
基金Supported by a Research Grant"ex-60%" From the University of Ferrara
文摘AIM:A drcannual variation in the onset of several acute diseases, mostly dealing with cardiovascular system,has been reported. The present study was to verify the possible existence of a seasonal variability in the onset of acute pancreatitis. METHODS:All patients consecutively admitted to the Hospital of Ferrara,Italy,between January 1998 to December 2002, whose discharge diagnosis was acute pancreatitis,were considered.According to the time of admission,cases were categorized into twelve 1-mo intervals and in four periods by season.x^2 test for goodness of fit and partial Fourier series were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS:During the study period,549 cases of acute pancreatitis were observed.A significant peak of higher incidence was found in March-May,both for total population, males and subgroups with and without cholelithiasis or alcoholism.Fourier analysis showed the existence of a circannual rhythmic pattern with its main peak in March(95% CL.:February-April,P=0.005),and a secondary one in September.Death occurred more frequently in December- February,compared to the other periods(P=0.029),and chronobiologic analysis yielded a seasonal peak in November- December(P<0.001). CONCLUSION:This study shows the existence of a circannual variation in the onset of acute pancreatitis,with a significantly higher frequency of events in the spring,especially for patients with cholelithiasis or alcoholism.Moreover,events occurring during the colder months seem to be characterized by a higher mortality rate.
文摘Objective The current study was aimed to investigate the correlations between immobility time in the forced swimming test （FST, a behavioral indicator of stress level） and hippocampal monoamine levels （markers of depression）, plasma adrenalin level （a peripheral marker of stress） as well as fluoro-jade C staining （a marker of neurodegeneration）. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to acute, sub-chronic （7 d） or chronic （14 d） FSTs and immobility time was recorded. Levels of noradrenalin, serotonin and dopamine in the hippocampus, and adrenalin level in the plasma were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Brain sections from rats after chronic forced swimming or rotenone treatment （3 mg/kg subcutaneously for 4 d） were stained with fluoro-jade C. Results The rats subjected to swimming stress （acute, sub-chronic and chronic） showed long immobility times [（214 ± 5）, （220 ± 4） and （231 ± 7） s, respectively], indicating that the animals were under stress. However, the rats did not exhibit significant declines in hippocampal monoamine levels, and the plasma adrenalin level was not significantly increased compared to that in unstressed rats. The rats that underwent chronic swimming stress did not manifest fluoro-jade C staining in brain sections, while degenerating neurons were evident after rotenone treatment. Conclusion The immobility time in the FST does not correlate with markers of depression （monoamine levels） and internal stress （adrenalin levels and neurodegeneration）, hence this parameter may not be a true indicator of stress level.
