Granulomatous mastitis(GM)is a benign granulomatous condition,and its pathogenesis may be related to autoimmune disorders.Cellular immunity,humoral immunity,immunoglobulins,and complement could all play a role in the ...Granulomatous mastitis(GM)is a benign granulomatous condition,and its pathogenesis may be related to autoimmune disorders.Cellular immunity,humoral immunity,immunoglobulins,and complement could all play a role in the disease process,showing certain clinical patterns.Corticosteroids can quickly control disease progression,and immunosuppressants can be used for complex and refractory GM cases.In traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),“healthy qi”is similar to immune system function.For GM with deficient healthy qi,TCM treatments such as internal and external herbal applications can help regulate immune function and shorten disease duration by staged and TCM treatment,regulating viscera,reinforcing healthy qi,and eliminating pathogenic factors.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the manifestation of pancreatic head carcinoma andchronic pancreatitis of pancreatic head on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and to determine whetherMR imaging can distinguish the two diseases. ...Objective: To evaluate the manifestation of pancreatic head carcinoma andchronic pancreatitis of pancreatic head on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and to determine whetherMR imaging can distinguish the two diseases. Methods: A retrospective review of MR findings wasperformed for 24 patients with pancreatic head carcinoma and 3 patients with chronic pancreatitis ofpancreatic head. SE T1WI and FSE T2WI sequences with and without fat suppression were performed onall 27 cases. Enhanced SE T1WI with fat suppression was performed on 8 patients with carcinomas and3 patients with pancreatitis, respectively. When dilatation of the pancreatic and/or biliary ductswas noted on T2WI sequence, MRCP were performed on 23 patients with carcinoma and 1 patient withpancreatitis, respectively. Results: Cases of carcinoma presented hypointensity (n=8) or mildhypointensity (n=16) on conventional SE T1WI, hy-perintensity (n=8), mild hyperintensity (n=5),isointensity (n=10) or hypointensity (n=1) on conventional FSE T2WI,hyperintensity (n=11),isointensity (n=11) or mild hypointensity (n=2) on FSE T2WI with fat suppression, and hypointensity(n=24) on fat-suppressed SE T1WI. MRCP demonstrated typical 'double duct sign' and abruptinterruption at distal segment of dilated common bile duct. All 8 patients with carcinoma showedlittle enhancement. All 3 patients with chronic pancreatitis showed mild hypointensity oriosintensity on conventional SE T1WI and hyperintensity on conventional FSE T2WI sequences,respectively. Two patients showed isointensity and mild hyperintensity on fat-suppressed SE T1WI andFSE T2WI sequences, respectively. The remaining patient showed hypointensity and heterogeneousintensity on fat-suppressed SE T1WI and FSE T2WI sequences respectively and a mild dilated commonbiliary duct with irregularly dilated proximal pancreatic duct on MRCP. All 3 patients with chronicpancreatitis showed various enhancements. Conclusion: Both pancreatic head carcinoma and chronicpancreatitis show various signals on various sequences and abnormal pancreatic enhancement patternand most cases of pancreatic head carcinoma and some cases of chronic pancreatitis show abnormalMRCP appearances. With the combined use of multiple sequences, especially precontrast andpostcontrast SE T1WI FS and MRCP, pancreatic head carcinoma and chronic pancreatitis of pancreatichead may be distinguished from each other.展开更多
[Objective] Study on the yeast mastitis in dairy cattle cases which have been ineffectively treated by multiple antibiotics through traditional Chinese medicine prescription. [ Method] The isolated pathogenic fungi fr...[Objective] Study on the yeast mastitis in dairy cattle cases which have been ineffectively treated by multiple antibiotics through traditional Chinese medicine prescription. [ Method] The isolated pathogenic fungi from milk were used for drug sensitivity testing and the ones proved were clinically treated by self-made traditional Chinese medicine prescription ＂Ruxiaotang＂. [ Result] 19 cases of 20 selected dairy cattle cases were diagnosed as yeast mastitis and cured with the except of a Candida tropicalis case. [ Conclusion] The results provide a new reference for curing yeast mastitis.展开更多
Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) develops in about 25% of patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). Severity of AP is linked to the presence of systemic organ dysfunctions and/or necrotizing pancreatitis pathomorphologica...Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) develops in about 25% of patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). Severity of AP is linked to the presence of systemic organ dysfunctions and/or necrotizing pancreatitis pathomorphologically. Risk factors determining independently the outcome of SAP are early multi-organ failure, infection of necrosis and extended necrosis (> 50%). Up to one third of patients with necrotizing pancreatitis develop in the late course infection of necroses. Morbidity of SAP is biphasic, in the first week strongly related to early and persistence of organ or multi-organ dysfunction. Clinical sepsis caused by infected necrosis leading to multi-organ failure syndrome (MOFS) occurs in the later course after the first week. To predict sepsis, MOFS or deaths in the first 48-72 h, the highest predictive accuracy has been objectified for procalcitonin and IL-8; the Sepsis- Related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA)-score predicts the outcome in the first 48 h, and provides a daily assessment of treatment response with a high positive predictive value. Contrast-enhanced CT provides the highest diagnostic accuracy for necrotizing pancreatitis when performed after the first week of disease. Patients who suffer early organ dysfunctions or at risk of developing a severe disease require early intensive care treatment. Early vigorous intravenous fluid replacement is of foremost importance. The goal is to decrease the hematocrit or restore normal cardiocirculatory functions. Antibiotic prophylaxis has not been shown as an effective preventive treatment. Early enteral feeding is based on a high level of evidence, resulting in a reduction of local and systemic infection. Patients suffering infected necrosis causing clinical sepsis, pancreatic abscess or surgical acute abdomen are candidates for early intervention. Hospital mortality of SAP after interventional or surgical debridement has decreased in high volume centers to below 20%.展开更多
Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas.The etiology and pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis have been intensively investigated for centuries worldwide.Many causes of acute pancreatitis have been ...Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas.The etiology and pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis have been intensively investigated for centuries worldwide.Many causes of acute pancreatitis have been discovered,but the pathogenetic theories are controversial.The most common cause of acute pancreatitis is gallstone impacting the distal common bile-pancreatic duct.The majority ofinvestigators accept that the main factors for acute billiary pancreatitis are pancreatic hyperstimulation and bile-pancreatic duct obstruction which increase pancreatic duct pressure and active trypsin reflux.Acute pancreatitis occurs when intracellular protective mechanisms to prevent trypsinogen activation or reduce trypsin activity are overwhelmed.However,little is known about the other acute pancreatitis.We hypothesize that acute biliary pancreatitis and other causes of acute pancreatitis possess a common pathogenesis.Pancreatic hyperstimulation and pancreatic duct obstruction increase pancreatic duct pressure,active trypsin reflux,and subsequent unregulated activation of trypsin within pancreatic acinar cells.Enzyme activation within the pancreas leads to auto-digestion of the gland and local inflammation.Once the hypothesis is confirmed,traditional therapeutic strategies against acute pancreatitis may be improved.Decompression of pancreatic duct pressure should be advocated in the treatment of acute pancreatitits which may greatly improve its outcome.展开更多
Approximately 20% of patients with acute pancreatitis develop a severe disease associated with complications and high risk of mortality. The purpose of this study is to review pathogenesis and prognostic factors of se...Approximately 20% of patients with acute pancreatitis develop a severe disease associated with complications and high risk of mortality. The purpose of this study is to review pathogenesis and prognostic factors of severe acute pancreatitis （SAP）. An extensive medline search was undertaken with focusing on pathogenesis, complications and prognostic evaluation of SAP. Cytokines and other inflammatory markers play a major role in the pathogenesis and course of SAP and can be used as prognostic markers in its early phase. Other markers such as simple prognostic scores have been found to be as e^ective as multifactorial scoring systems （MFSS） at 48 h with the advantage of simplicity, efficacy, low cost, accuracy and early prediction of SAP. Recently, several laboratory markers including hematocrit, blood urea nitrogen （BUN）, creatinine, matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9） and serum amyloid A （SAA） have been used as early predictors of severity within the first 24 h. The last few years have witnessed a tremendous progress in understanding the pathogenesis and predicting the outcome of SAP. In this review we classified the prognostic markers into predictors of severity, pancreatic necrosis （PN）, infected PN （IPN） and mortality.展开更多
基金supported by the 2022 National Clinical Research Base“Top List”Special Project of the Health Commission of Henan Province(2022JDZX086)2021 National Clinical Research Base Research Special Project of the Health Commission of Henan Province(2021JDZY018)National Distinguished and Veteran TCM Experts Inheritance Studio Construction Project of the National Administration of Traditional ChineseMedicine(2100601-CZ0175).
文摘Granulomatous mastitis(GM)is a benign granulomatous condition,and its pathogenesis may be related to autoimmune disorders.Cellular immunity,humoral immunity,immunoglobulins,and complement could all play a role in the disease process,showing certain clinical patterns.Corticosteroids can quickly control disease progression,and immunosuppressants can be used for complex and refractory GM cases.In traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),“healthy qi”is similar to immune system function.For GM with deficient healthy qi,TCM treatments such as internal and external herbal applications can help regulate immune function and shorten disease duration by staged and TCM treatment,regulating viscera,reinforcing healthy qi,and eliminating pathogenic factors.
文摘Objective: To evaluate the manifestation of pancreatic head carcinoma andchronic pancreatitis of pancreatic head on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and to determine whetherMR imaging can distinguish the two diseases. Methods: A retrospective review of MR findings wasperformed for 24 patients with pancreatic head carcinoma and 3 patients with chronic pancreatitis ofpancreatic head. SE T1WI and FSE T2WI sequences with and without fat suppression were performed onall 27 cases. Enhanced SE T1WI with fat suppression was performed on 8 patients with carcinomas and3 patients with pancreatitis, respectively. When dilatation of the pancreatic and/or biliary ductswas noted on T2WI sequence, MRCP were performed on 23 patients with carcinoma and 1 patient withpancreatitis, respectively. Results: Cases of carcinoma presented hypointensity (n=8) or mildhypointensity (n=16) on conventional SE T1WI, hy-perintensity (n=8), mild hyperintensity (n=5),isointensity (n=10) or hypointensity (n=1) on conventional FSE T2WI,hyperintensity (n=11),isointensity (n=11) or mild hypointensity (n=2) on FSE T2WI with fat suppression, and hypointensity(n=24) on fat-suppressed SE T1WI. MRCP demonstrated typical 'double duct sign' and abruptinterruption at distal segment of dilated common bile duct. All 8 patients with carcinoma showedlittle enhancement. All 3 patients with chronic pancreatitis showed mild hypointensity oriosintensity on conventional SE T1WI and hyperintensity on conventional FSE T2WI sequences,respectively. Two patients showed isointensity and mild hyperintensity on fat-suppressed SE T1WI andFSE T2WI sequences, respectively. The remaining patient showed hypointensity and heterogeneousintensity on fat-suppressed SE T1WI and FSE T2WI sequences respectively and a mild dilated commonbiliary duct with irregularly dilated proximal pancreatic duct on MRCP. All 3 patients with chronicpancreatitis showed various enhancements. Conclusion: Both pancreatic head carcinoma and chronicpancreatitis show various signals on various sequences and abnormal pancreatic enhancement patternand most cases of pancreatic head carcinoma and some cases of chronic pancreatitis show abnormalMRCP appearances. With the combined use of multiple sequences, especially precontrast andpostcontrast SE T1WI FS and MRCP, pancreatic head carcinoma and chronic pancreatitis of pancreatichead may be distinguished from each other.
文摘[Objective] Study on the yeast mastitis in dairy cattle cases which have been ineffectively treated by multiple antibiotics through traditional Chinese medicine prescription. [ Method] The isolated pathogenic fungi from milk were used for drug sensitivity testing and the ones proved were clinically treated by self-made traditional Chinese medicine prescription ＂Ruxiaotang＂. [ Result] 19 cases of 20 selected dairy cattle cases were diagnosed as yeast mastitis and cured with the except of a Candida tropicalis case. [ Conclusion] The results provide a new reference for curing yeast mastitis.
文摘Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) develops in about 25% of patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). Severity of AP is linked to the presence of systemic organ dysfunctions and/or necrotizing pancreatitis pathomorphologically. Risk factors determining independently the outcome of SAP are early multi-organ failure, infection of necrosis and extended necrosis (> 50%). Up to one third of patients with necrotizing pancreatitis develop in the late course infection of necroses. Morbidity of SAP is biphasic, in the first week strongly related to early and persistence of organ or multi-organ dysfunction. Clinical sepsis caused by infected necrosis leading to multi-organ failure syndrome (MOFS) occurs in the later course after the first week. To predict sepsis, MOFS or deaths in the first 48-72 h, the highest predictive accuracy has been objectified for procalcitonin and IL-8; the Sepsis- Related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA)-score predicts the outcome in the first 48 h, and provides a daily assessment of treatment response with a high positive predictive value. Contrast-enhanced CT provides the highest diagnostic accuracy for necrotizing pancreatitis when performed after the first week of disease. Patients who suffer early organ dysfunctions or at risk of developing a severe disease require early intensive care treatment. Early vigorous intravenous fluid replacement is of foremost importance. The goal is to decrease the hematocrit or restore normal cardiocirculatory functions. Antibiotic prophylaxis has not been shown as an effective preventive treatment. Early enteral feeding is based on a high level of evidence, resulting in a reduction of local and systemic infection. Patients suffering infected necrosis causing clinical sepsis, pancreatic abscess or surgical acute abdomen are candidates for early intervention. Hospital mortality of SAP after interventional or surgical debridement has decreased in high volume centers to below 20%.
文摘Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas.The etiology and pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis have been intensively investigated for centuries worldwide.Many causes of acute pancreatitis have been discovered,but the pathogenetic theories are controversial.The most common cause of acute pancreatitis is gallstone impacting the distal common bile-pancreatic duct.The majority ofinvestigators accept that the main factors for acute billiary pancreatitis are pancreatic hyperstimulation and bile-pancreatic duct obstruction which increase pancreatic duct pressure and active trypsin reflux.Acute pancreatitis occurs when intracellular protective mechanisms to prevent trypsinogen activation or reduce trypsin activity are overwhelmed.However,little is known about the other acute pancreatitis.We hypothesize that acute biliary pancreatitis and other causes of acute pancreatitis possess a common pathogenesis.Pancreatic hyperstimulation and pancreatic duct obstruction increase pancreatic duct pressure,active trypsin reflux,and subsequent unregulated activation of trypsin within pancreatic acinar cells.Enzyme activation within the pancreas leads to auto-digestion of the gland and local inflammation.Once the hypothesis is confirmed,traditional therapeutic strategies against acute pancreatitis may be improved.Decompression of pancreatic duct pressure should be advocated in the treatment of acute pancreatitits which may greatly improve its outcome.
文摘Approximately 20% of patients with acute pancreatitis develop a severe disease associated with complications and high risk of mortality. The purpose of this study is to review pathogenesis and prognostic factors of severe acute pancreatitis （SAP）. An extensive medline search was undertaken with focusing on pathogenesis, complications and prognostic evaluation of SAP. Cytokines and other inflammatory markers play a major role in the pathogenesis and course of SAP and can be used as prognostic markers in its early phase. Other markers such as simple prognostic scores have been found to be as e^ective as multifactorial scoring systems （MFSS） at 48 h with the advantage of simplicity, efficacy, low cost, accuracy and early prediction of SAP. Recently, several laboratory markers including hematocrit, blood urea nitrogen （BUN）, creatinine, matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9） and serum amyloid A （SAA） have been used as early predictors of severity within the first 24 h. The last few years have witnessed a tremendous progress in understanding the pathogenesis and predicting the outcome of SAP. In this review we classified the prognostic markers into predictors of severity, pancreatic necrosis （PN）, infected PN （IPN） and mortality.
