云南省部分边境地区新报告外籍HIV感染者性行为相关特征分析

目的了解云南部分边境地区新报告外籍人类免疫缺陷病毒（human immunodeficiency virus，HIV）感染者性行为相关性特征。方法对云南省疾病预防控制中心获取的2015—2016年云南省全部外籍2102名感染者的相关人口学特征进行回顾性分析。并于2015年11月至2016年10月间，在云南省德宏州、红河州和版纳州经连续抽样纳入新报告外籍HIV感染者106名，收集和分析其性行为频率、性伴数量、与性伴的关系和安全套使用等特征。结果2015—2016年云南省报告的外籍HIV感染者男性占61．7％（1297／2102），年龄在20～39岁占75．6％（1590／2102），农民占68．3％（1436／2102），异性性传播占70．7％（1486／2102）。现场调研显示外籍HIV感染者年龄（31．1±7．7）岁，男性50人（47．2％），每≤3天有1次性行为的占29．2％（31／106），有2个及以上性伴的比例为34．9％（37／106），女性（76．4％，42／55）、异性性传播（65．4％，53／81）感染者的第一性伴以配偶多见，男性[39．6％（19／48）、25．0％（12／48）、20．8％（10／48）]和静脉吸毒传播[40．0％（8／20）、35．0％（7／20）、20．0％（4／20）]感染者的第一性伴以配偶、同居和女性性工作者为主。男女性感染者的第一性伴为中国籍的比例分别为8．2％（4／49）和45．5％（25／55）（χ^2=17．920，P〈0．001）。性活动全程使用安全套比例较低，与第一和第二性伴发生性行为时安全套使用比例分别为14．6％（15／103）和31．4％（11／35）。结论云南边境部分地区外籍新报告HIV感染者性行为活跃，性伴数量、与性伴的关系在不同亚群中有差异。性伴中相当一部分为中国籍，总体使用安全套的比例低，构成HIV传播风险，需要特别引起重视。

云南边境新报告HIV感染者性行为相关特征分析

目的了解云南部分边境地区新报告人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染者性行为相关特征,为制定艾滋病防控策略提供依据。方法采用方便抽样的方法纳入新报告的HIV感染者100名,收集和分析其性行为频率、性伴数量、与性伴的关系和安全套使用等特征。结果研究对象以农民(57. 0%,57/100)和个体工商户(16. 0%,16/100)为主,年龄18～68 (38. 3±11. 9)岁,文化程度初中及以下占85. 0%(85/100),月收入2 000元以下占61. 0%(61/100)。每7 d以上有一次性行为的占49. 0%(49/100),有两个及以上性伴的比例为25. 0%(25/100)。异性性传播和静脉吸毒传播感染者第一性伴以配偶为主,分别占74. 0%(54/73)和69. 2%(9/13),同性性传播感染者则以一夜情伴侣(55. 6%,5/9)为主(P <0. 001)。第一性伴为缅籍的占6. 1%(6/98),越籍者占3. 1%(3/98);因异性性传播的HIV感染者,其外籍比例为35. 3%(6/17)。与第一性伴的性行为过程中全程使用安全套的比例为38. 9%(37/95)。有2个及以上性伴的25名研究对象与第二性伴的性行为中安全套的使用比例为28. 0%(7/25)。结论云南边境部分地区新报告HIV感染者文化程度低,存在多性伴及外籍性伴,性活动较频繁,安全套使用比例低,HIV传播风险突出,需要进一步加强边境地区艾滋病防治工作。

HIERARCHIC GREY QUASI-PREFERRED ANALYSIS MODEL AND ITS APPLICATION

The grey quasi-preferred analysis (GQPA) is one of important methods for realizing system analysis to conquer the limitations of the existing GQPA model, without any considerations to the difference of the different behavioral factor′s importance. It could not be used to analyze the complex system with multi-hierarchy correlation factors, the weighted synthetic method for calculating abstract incidence degrees between the system beha-vioral characteristics and correlative factors in different hierarchies is given out,and the hierarchic grey quasi-preferred analysis (HGQPA) model is established. The effectiveness of the HGQPA model is tested by the scientific-technical system of Jiangsu Province. The depth and the range of the application of GQPA are developed, and the HGQPA model is regarded as a new approach to systemically analyze the complex systems with multi-hierarchy correlation factors.

Boldness is related to the development of the cephalic crest in the male of the river blenny Salariafluviatilis （Asso, 1801）

Boldness is defined as the tendency of an individual to take risks when exposed to novel objects or situations. The main aim of this work was to dilucidate if boldness was related to the development of the secondary sexual traits （SSTs） in the male of the fiver blenny Salariafluviatilis, a freshwater fish which takes care of eggs. As a second objective SSTs effect on pa rental status adoption was also be explored. Wild young fish were caught in the Segre River （Ebro basin） in November 2010. Fish were kept in five aquaria in groups of eight males and eight females with artificial nests. Boldness （boldness score and hesitancy） of males （initially with little SSTs development） was tested as the time required to exit a refuge when exposed to a new environ ment. Fish were mantained in the same aquaria for several months, and males＇ SSTs development and reproductive behaviour were monitored. Boldness score was negatively associated to cephalic crest development. Hesitancy was negatively related to male length and was also influenced by the interaction between male length and cephalic crest. Parental status acquisition was positively related to the male＇s length, marginally related to anal gland development, and nonrelated to cephalic crest. These re sults suggest an intrasexual role of the crest as an informative trait of boldness （honest signal） which might not necessarily be chosen by the females. It is also discussed that correlational selection could be responsible for linking boldness and growth rate in this species. Sexual selection, in addition to having directed the evolution of secondary sexual traits, might have favored certain personality traits （e.g. boldness） associated with the achievement of a larger body length .