择偶复制:一种适应性的性选择策略

择偶复制是一种择偶策略。在阐明择偶复制概念及研究范式的基础上,以阐述择偶复制影响因素的形式,介绍了择偶复制的研究成果、发展脉络。例如,性别影响择偶复制:相对于男性,女性被试更容易产生择偶复制;身体吸引力、性策略、年龄及性经验等影响择偶复制。在此基础上,进一步指出择偶复制的一般化是导致择偶偏好群体内一致性和群体间差异性的原因之一。最后,点明择偶复制的性质:基于社会学习的、适应性的性选择策略。

乡村治理中的情境博弈、策略选择与利益协调——基于鄂西L县政府贫困治理的案例分析

在乡村治理中,话语情境的政策逆变、关系情境的利益寻租和常人情境的权宜取向往往导致地方政府的行动困境。困境的化解有赖于地方政府的策略选择,包括向上回应与制度创新的政策变通策略、资源配优与治权引导的利益共谋策略和柔性运作与程序规范的行为约束策略等。这一治理方式揭示了乡村社会中地方政府与各利益主体间的复杂关系,地方政府需要以“合法化”的话语规则、“合理化”的道义关系和“合情化”的常人理性来协调各主体间的利益冲突,以此实现乡村治理中的“治理有效”和“善治”目的。

引入度中心性选择攻击节点的对抗攻击算法

图卷积网络(GCN)在图神经网络中应用广泛,在处理图结构数据方面发挥着重要作用。然而,最近的研究表明,GCN容易受到中毒攻击等恶意攻击。在针对GCN的所有可能的对抗性攻击中,有一种特殊的方法是针对图卷积网络的目标通用攻击TUA(target universal attack)。该方法在挑选攻击节点时为了简便采用随机选择策略,该策略忽略了节点邻居对节点的重要性,对攻击成功率有负面影响。针对这个问题,提出了一种基于度中心性的攻击节点选择策略的对抗攻击算法(adversarial attack algorithm based on degree centrality attack node selection strategy,DCANSS)。优化挑选攻击节点的方式,引入度中心性,得到攻击节点。注入假节点并与攻击节点连接。挑选辅助节点并应用图卷积网络的消息传递机制,使节点信息扩散,计算扰动并将扰动特征赋予假节点,完成攻击,达到误分类目标。在三个流行的数据集上的实验表明,当仅使用3个攻击节点和2个假节点时,所提出的攻击对图中任意受害节点的平均攻击成功率达到90%。将DCANSS算法与TUA算法以及其他建立的基线算法进行实验对比,进一步验证了DCANSS算法的攻击能力。

国际交流中口译语体的语用分析与顺应选择

语体是意义的表征,在国际交流的口译活动中起重要的作用。我们分析国际交流环境下口译语体的类型、特征及其语用价值,运用语用学综观——顺应选择论深入透视动态口译过程中的语体识别与语体隐含的语用价值,强调发挥译者的主体能动性,不断优化译语,选择最佳的语言使用,使译语语体与原语语体的语用价值保持高度一致。

多模态影像融合在颅底肿瘤的诊断、治疗中的应用价值

目的探讨多模态影像融合在颅底肿瘤的诊断、治疗中的应用价值。方法 9例颅底肿瘤术前均行DynaCTA检查及MRI薄层(2 mm)增强扫描检查,将多组影像数据输入工作站,采用"双容积重建"技术进行脑血管及MRI的影像融合,通过静态及动态融合影像观察肿瘤与脑结构、血管及颅骨的毗邻关系,并对肿瘤的诊断、手术治疗及预防血管并发症进行分析。结果 9例均获得满意的影像融合、具有很好的空间一致性,在一张影像上可以清晰显示病变及其周围脑结构、血管及颅骨解剖关系,提高精准性诊断,并应用于指导治疗策略、设计手术划及预防并发症。9例均恢复满意出院。结论多模态影像融合对提高颅底肿瘤的诊断精准性、提高肿瘤全切除率、降低病死率和残疾率效果肯定,对血管损伤并发症治疗疗效肯定。

Multistatic radar analysis based on ambiguity function and Cramér-Rao lower bounds

The primary goal of this work is to characterize the impact of weighting selection strategy and multistatic geometry on the multistatic radar performance. With the relationship between the multistatic ambiguity function （AF） and the multistatie Cram6r-Rao lower bound （CRLB）, the problem of calculating the multistatic AF and the multistatic CRLB as a performance metric for multistatic radar system is studied. Exactly, based on the proper selection of the system parameters, the multistatic radar performance can be significantly improved. The simulation results illustrate that the multistatic AF and the multistatic CRLB can serve as guidelines for future multistatic fusion rule development and multistatic radars deployment.

Peak-to-average power ratio reduction using selective mapping with unequal power distribution

A new approach for peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems was proposed.This approach is based on assigning powers to the different subcarriers of OFDM using an unequal power distribution strategy.In addition,a reduced complexity selective mapping (RC-SLM) scheme was proposed.The proposed scheme is based on partitioning the frequency domain symbol sequence into several sub-blocks,and then each sub-block is multiplied by different phase sequences whose length is shorter than that used in the conventional SLM scheme.Then,a kind of low complexity conversions is used to replace the IFFT blocks.The performance of the proposed RC-SLM scheme along with the new approach was studied with computer simulation.The obtained results show that the proposed RC-SLM scheme is able to achieve the lowest computational complexity when compared with other low complexity schemes proposed in the literature while at the same time improves the PAPR reduction performance by about 0.3 dB.

网络意识形态安全中的自干五

自干五在诞生之初便面临着如何处理两对关系的问题。在处理与网络关系的过程中,自干五运用政治口号、诉诸政治情感、限制争议话题、树立可批判对立面等策略抵制网络政治文化的极化倾向,有效维护了网络意识形态安全。然而,在处理第二层关系,即与党和政府关系的过程中,自干五则显得相当僵化。最后,我们认为这一意见群体要想发挥更加积极的作用,必须要实现意义上的自我更新,自觉与党和政府建立维护网络意识形态安全统一战线。

企业负债策略与内部员工薪酬分配

通过使用1999—2012年中国非金融上市公司的数据,本文检验了Perotti&Spier(1993)提出的企业负债策略影响员工薪酬的命题,并在此基础上进一步探讨了资本结构变化对企业内部收入分化的影响。分析显示:(1)资本结构提升会扩大企业内部薪酬差距,主要是资本结构对高管和普通员工收入非对称差异造成的;(2)无论高管是否有能力影响董事会决策,资本结构对高管收入具有8%左右的正面激励作用,而对普通员工的薪酬具有4%左右的负面影响;(3)资本结构提升在一定程度上导致了企业内部劳动者的收入分化,但这实际上是企业降低委托代理成本的一种策略性选择。资本结构以及激励标的物的差异,都会使高管在一定程度上采取相机决策的方式谋求自身利益最大化。企业在可持续发展过程中,需要同时注意内部收入分化可能带来的负面影响以及高管的机会主义倾向,根据资本结构适时调整激励强度和激励标的物。

Bimetallic phthalocyanine heterostructure used for highly selective electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction

Heterogeneous molecular catalysts,such as metal phthalocyanines,are efficient electrocatalysts for CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR).However,the rational design and synthesis of a molecular catalyst-based heterostructure for CO_(2)RR remains challenging.Herein,we developed a crystalline bimetallic phthalocyanine heterostructure electrocatalyst(CoPc/FePc HS),which achieved an excellent CO_(2)-to-CO conversion efficiency(99%)and outstanding long-term stability after 10 h of electrocatalysis.Density functional theory calculations revealed that the enhancement of CO_(2)RR performance could be attributed to the distinct electron transfer pattern between FePc and CoPc.The heterostructural engineering in molecular catalysts would inspire a unique approach for improving CO_(2)RR performance.

The Legal Regulation of Irrational Elements in the Operations of Boards of Directors

The operating processes of boards of directors are delicate and complex, so corporate legislation cannot simply equate board structure law with board governance law. It is therefore necessary to start from China＇s actual conditions and grasp the operating processes of Chinese boards with a sober appreciation of the irrational elements in their operating mechanisms. Board governance has entered a new stage of institutionalization, and the law should shift from its emphasis on structure to give equal attention to structure and process in optimizing institutional structure. In the construction of board operating mechanisms, we should treat differently such ＂living laws＂ as customs, experiences and traditions, give full play to the functionality of boards＇ strategic choices, and provide legal regulation of irrational elements, so as to distinguish between different roles, develop consensus, select strong points and improve efficiency. We should build control over board operational procedures, improve the system of functional allocation, correct assessment mechanisms, develop a mechanism for judicial scrutiny of the affective relationships in society and curb such behavioral tendencies as relational identity, structural bias and group polarization, with a view to controlling such ＂living laws＂ within the framework of the basic values and principles of board governance.