总径流非线性响应的Volterra模型初探

在总径流线性响应模型的基础上,提出了流域总径流非线性响应的Volterra模型,并给出了其建模和求解方法.Volterra模型的矩阵表达清晰,易于编程实现.千河流域的应用结果表明,考虑了雨强大小、雨量分布等非线性影响因素的Volterra模型,其效果优于总径流线性响应模型.

新安江模型与总径流线性响应模型的应用对比研究

建立了三水源新安江模型和总径流线性响应模型,并应用于广东省的4个小型流域。根据同一流域对不同洪水等级具有不同调蓄能力的特点,提出了分类法率定新安江模型参数;从5个精度度量标准对2类模型的应用效果进行了较深入的对比分析。结果表明,分类法率定新安江模型参数能够得到更合理的参数,有助于提高预报精度,且新安江模型在研究流域的适用性时优于总径流线性响应模型。

应用时间精确自由尾迹方法的桨叶总距突增响应特性分析

直升机旋翼的气动特性对总距操纵输入的动态响应具有复杂的非定常特性。文中结合尾迹模型、PC2B算法、桨叶气动模型、挥舞动力学模型、非定常翼型模型和旋翼平衡模型，建立了一个时间精确旋翼自由尾迹和气动特性分析方法。利用该方法，首先，计算了前飞时旋翼入流分布，以及悬停状态桨叶总距增加时拉力系数的变化，通过计算值与实验值的对比，验证了方法的有效性；然后，利用该方法对模型旋翼在悬停和前飞状态桨叶总距阶跃突增时的拉力系数、俯仰力矩系数、滚转力矩系数和挥舞锥度角变化的时间历程进行了计算分析，得出了一些新的结论。

子带自适应滤波器组参数的选取及其影响

为了研究自适应滤波在噪声消除,干扰抑制以及雷达信号处理中的广泛应用,对滤波器各影响因素进行了分析,提出了各参数的设计规则。以自适应滤波理论为基础,将信号划分成不同的子带通过原型分析综合滤波器组,将处理后的各路信号叠加可恢复原信号。选择合理的参数设置滤波器可以使系统的综合性能最优,同时可以将信号在传输过程中造成的损失减小到最低。通过大量仿真验证了该参数选取规则的准确性和有效性。

网络论坛意见领袖的形成研究

意见领袖是在人际传播中经常为他人提供信息、意见、评论,对他人施加影响的活跃分子。在如今的各种网络信息交流平台上,也活跃着一批意见领袖,他们的观点能获得众多网民的响应,在网络舆论的形成中起着重要作用,因此得到了研究人员的广泛关注。但是意见领袖形成因素的研究并不多见。本文对成就意见领袖的主要因素进行了探讨,以网络论坛为研究背景开展了定量研究。根据研究结果,如果一个人希望成为网络论坛中的意见领袖,那么他应该积极发表高质量的主题帖,并积极回复他人,这会使他得到来自他人的响应。建立这种关系是成为意见领袖的开始。

II期临床试验设计方案及其C++编程

II期临床试验通常用于新的治疗方法疗效的初步评估.传统的二阶段设计只考虑总的响应这一个解释变量.陆盈等人提出了一种新的试验方案,同时考察总的响应和完全响应两个变量,他们的试验设计为II期临床试验提供了更多更好的选择.但是相应的计算程序是用S-P lus编写的,运行时间过长.改用C++编程,制作的软件计算速度相对较快,而且在W indows环境下就可运行,这将方便广大医学工作者临床使用.

改进的人工神经网络水文预报模型及应用

在人工神经网络水文模型的研究中,往往加入前期径流以提高模型的预报精度.针对由此带来的问题,通过耦合总径流线性响应模型,建立一种基于人工神经网络的实时预报模型.通过引入总径流线性响应模型的模拟径流作为模型输入,模型的模拟模式能够提供较长的预见期,同时加入误差校正模型的实时预报模式也能够取得较高的模型精度.采用3个不同流域的流量资料对模型进行率定与校核.结果表明,模型能够取得较高的预报精度,显示了良好的适用性.

基于振动传递函数的排气系统悬挂点位置优化

提出一种基于振动传递函数法的排气系统悬挂点位置优化方法.以某混合动力轿车悬挂点位置布置为例,通过有限元法建立从发动机激励到排气系统的振动传递函数数值模型,得到排气系统各点在振动频带内的总相对位移响应,由总相对位移响应最小确定悬挂点位置的优化方案.研究表明,此方法中发动机激励、动力总成与排气系统的模态参与因子和模态振型共同确定悬挂点位置.比较优化方案与初始方案的实车验证数据可得,优化方案中排气系统和座椅导轨的振动加速度降幅超过17%,证明基于振动传递函数的排气悬挂点位置布置方法能用于悬挂点位置设计中.

时变增益模型在辽宁干旱半干旱流域的适用性研究

自然流域属于典型复杂开放的系统,水文要素的时空变化具有高度非线性的特点,干旱半干旱流域尤其显著。因此,针对干旱半干旱流域降雨径流非线性问题,运用水文非线性时变增益模型(TVGM)、GR4J模型、总径流线性响应模型及线性扰动模型对辽宁省干旱半干旱流域日径流过程进行模拟分析,从2个精度衡量指标对4个模型的应用效果进行较为深入的对比分析,探究这4个模型在干旱半干旱流域降雨径流模拟中的适用性。结果表明:在辽宁省干旱半干旱流域的水文模拟中,TVGM模型适用性最好、GR4J模型次之,两种线性模型适用性较差。TVGM模型引入时变增益因子,综合考虑了土壤湿度、降雨强度等产流的关键要素,其模拟和验证效果都比较理想,体现了该模型的特色和应用价值。

Optimization of Microwave Extraction of Flavonoids from Water Chestnut Skin Dregs with Response Surface Method

[Objective] In order to take full advantage of processing by-product of water chestnut, the microwave extraction method of flavonoids from water chestnut skin dregs was optimized. The extracted flavonoids had a relatively high yield. [Method] The Box-Behnken design-based response surface method was adopted to optimize the microwave extraction of flavonoids from water chestnut skin dregs, a by-product of water chestnut starch. The mathematical relationships between various influencing factors and flavonoids yield were established. [Result] The optimum extraction conditions of flavonoids from water chestnut skin dregs were as follows： ethanol concentration of 55.4%, solid/liquid ratio of 1：30 g/ml, microwave power of 320 W, microwave time of 3 min and microwave time of 2 times. Under the optimum extraction conditions, the theoretical flavonoids yield was 2.376%. However, the actual flavonoids yield under the optimum extraction conditions was 2.365%. The relative error between actual values and theoretically predicted values was 0.461%. [Conclusion] The results showed the optimized extraction method is reliable, and it can provide a reference for the comprehensive and highly efficient utilization of water chestnut processing wastes.

Responses of Photosynthetic Pigment, Phenol and Total Saponin Contents of Panax notoginseng to Supplemental UV-B under Field Conditions

[Objective] The aim of this study was to investigate the content changes and their correlations of the photosynthetic pigment,phenols,including total phenols,total flavonoids and anthocyanins,and total saponins of the one-year-old P.notoginseng plants under supplemental UV-B stress in fields.[Method] The one-year-old plants were irradiated by UV-B in field for 1 min per day,and the plants under the UV-B lamp were regarded as a circle center,achieving an annular leaf-sampling.The photosynthetic pigment,phenols and total saponins of the leaves were determined spectrophotometrically.[Result] With the increase of sampling radius,the supplemental UV-B intensity decreased significantly,the contents of chlorophyll （Chl） a,Chl b,Chl （a＋b）,carotenoid （Car） and total photosynthetic pigment （Chl＋Car） of the leaves increased extremely significantly,the Chl a/b and total phenol content （TPC） decreased extremely significantly,but the Chl （a＋b）/Car changes were not significant.The contents of total flavonoids,anthocyanins and saponins all increased due to the increasing of UV-B,displaying dose effects.The UV-B intensity was positively correlated with the Chl a/b,and negatively with the Chl a,Chl b,Chl （a＋ b）,Car and （Chl＋Car） contents; and the two of TPC,total flavonoid content （TFC）,total anthocyanin content （TAC） and total saponin content （TSC） were positively correlated,all reaching extremely significant level.The UV-B intensity was positively and significantly correlated with the total flavonoid content （TFC）,negatively and significantly with the Chl （a＋b）/Car,and positively and insignificantly with the TPC,TAC and TSC.[Conclusion] For one-year-old plants of P.notoginseng,UV-B can decrease the contents of the Chl a,Chl b,Chl （a＋b）,Car and （Chl＋Car） and increase the Chl a/b and TPC,and,furthermore,induce the increases of the TFC,TAC and TSC in a dose-dependent manner.However,UV-B can hardly change the Chl （a＋b）/Car.The supplemental UV-B of well-suited dose might be one of the effective measures to improve the TSC of P.notoginseng.

Distributed collaborative extremum response surface method for mechanical dynamic assembly reliability analysis

To make the dynamic assembly reliability analysis more effective for complex machinery of multi-object multi-discipline(MOMD),distributed collaborative extremum response surface method(DCERSM)was proposed based on extremum response surface method(ERSM).Firstly,the basic theories of the ERSM and DCERSM were investigated,and the strengths of DCERSM were proved theoretically.Secondly,the mathematical model of the DCERSM was established based upon extremum response surface function(ERSF).Finally,this model was applied to the reliability analysis of blade-tip radial running clearance(BTRRC)of an aeroengine high pressure turbine(HPT)to verify its advantages.The results show that the DCERSM can not only reshape the possibility of the reliability analysis for the complex turbo machinery,but also greatly improve the computational speed,save the computational time and improve the computational efficiency while keeping the accuracy.Thus,the DCERSM is verified to be feasible and effective in the dynamic assembly reliability(DAR)analysis of complex machinery.Moreover,this method offers an useful insight for designing and optimizing the dynamic reliability of complex machinery.

直升机回避区曲线的试验研究

主要阐述直升机回避区曲线的试验确定方法，分析了影响回避区曲线的各种因素，导出了回避区曲线与直升机的自转性能、总距操纵响应和着陆装置承受能力等参数的关系。该方法经飞行试验证明是切实可行的，可用于各种直升机的飞行试验，解决了新机试飞中的难题。

Finite element and experimental analysis of pinion bracket-assembly of three gorges project ship lift

The pinion bracket-assembly(PBA) is a major part of three gorges project(TGP) ship lift drive system. The static strength,fatigue strength and stress distribution of hinge pin of PBA were analyzed by ANSYS, and the structure of PBA was optimized. The results show that after the optimization, the maximum comprehensive stress is 259.59 MPa, the maximum fatigue cumulative damage of weld joints is 0.94 and the maximum vertical deformation of hinge pin is 0.14 mm. The elastic deformation, hydropneumatic spring cylinder(HSC) load response and the vibration characteristics of PBA were studied by the bearing test when PBA bore the load caused by different water level errors. The results indicate that when the water level of ship chamber ranges from 3.4 m to 3.6 m,the vertical elastic deformation of the pinion shaft is between-8.58 and 10.50 mm. When upward outage-load(1580 k N) is imposed by the test-rack, the vertical elastic deformation of the pinion shaft is 13.42 and 14.07 mm and HSC load response is 795.80-800.80 k N. In the process of imposing load on the pinion by the test-rack, the maximum vibration amplitude and acceleration of PBA internal components are 0.37° and 2.67 rad/s2, respectively; the maximum impact on the pin caused by vibration is 19.89 k N; the pinion shaft vertical displacement and HSC load response do not fluctuate. There is a great difference between the frequency of meshing force of the pinion and the rack(1.06 Hz) and first-order natural frequency of PBA(8.41 Hz), thus PBA will not resonate.From all above, PBA meets the static strength and fatigue strength requirements. The vibration of PBA internal components has no effect on the vertical displacement of the pinion shaft, HSC load response and smooth operation of PBA. There is a liner relationship in the ratio of 2:1 between the thrust imposed by the test-rack and HSC load, thus HSC can limit the load imposed on the pinion.

Dynamic Tracking and Comprehensive Evaluation on the Natural Resources Security Elements and System in China

System theory,pressure-state-response and drivingpressure-state-impact-response model have been applied to establishing China's dynamic tracking evaluation system of natural resources security in this article.Based on analytic hierarchy process and Delphi methods,the natural resources security situation has been evaluated systematically from 1991 to 2007.The result showed that the overall level of China's natural resources security presented a downtrend from 1991 to 2007.The basic reasons are the pressure indicators such as population,GDP,natural resources trade increased gradually,resulting in tension and fragility of natural resources security.

Hybrid Task and Message Scheduling in Hard Real Time Distributed Systems over FlexRay Bus

FlexRay is a vehicular communication protocol designed to meet growing requirements in hard real time automotive systems and to support time triggered as well as event triggered paradigms. Thus, there has been a lot of recent interest in timing analysis techniques in order to provide bounds for the message communication times on FlexRay. In this paper, we present an approach to compute the WCRT （worst case response time） for periodic and sporadic tasks, within a FlexRay node, responsible for sending messages on the FlexRay SS （static segment） and DS （dynamic segment）. On the other hand, we propose a scheduling table for messages transmitted over the FlexRay SS. An interesting innovation would be the use of a scheduling algorithm performed on a FlexRay node to guarantee the arrival of the right data on the right time and to ensure that every task meets its deadline. As application, we will use the extended SAE （society of automotive engineers） benchmark for the FlexRay network to identify the static and dynamic tasks, and calculate the response time, based on a hybrid scheduling model to further prove that the deadline of the SAE benchmark applications is insured.