《酉阳直隶州总志》中的一处地理释名瑕疵及其影响研究

清朝同治年间,酉阳冯壶川和冉崇文纂修了《酉阳直隶州总志》,州志中一些地名含义有错误。经考证,重庆酉阳后溪三峿山与彭水县三峿山有很大的区别,三峿山又可写作三屼山,峿、屼都是汉语词汇而不是土家语词汇,亦非苗语词汇或其它少数民族语汇。长江三峡地区、渝东南、黔东北、鄂西南、湘西北、思州和思南田氏土司来源于汉族,但其司治下的田氏族众及大湘西地区的田氏族众因民族融合而多数成为巴人和楚人混裔,保存至今的田氏后裔在民族成份上有汉族、土家族、苗族、仡佬族、瑶族等族称。

赫尔松州地下水污染源及其影响的评价方法

研究现有的地下水人为污染的量化评价方法。以赫尔松州为例，研究了防止地下水受到局部污染源影响的人为污染的量化评价标准。应用危害总指数，分析了在两个时期（1980年和2010年）在所调查地区的人为污染变化。

Management of pancreaticobiliary disease using a new intra-ductal endoscope:The Texas experience

AIM:To evaluate a new single-operator mini-endoscope, Spyglass,for its performance,feasibility and safety in the management of pancreaticobiliary disease. METHODS:In a multicenter retrospective analysis of patients undergoing intraductal endoscopy,we evaluated 128 patients(71 men,mean age 57.6 years).Indications were therapeutic(TX)in 72(56%) and diagnostic(DX)in 56(44%). RESULTS:Peroral endoscopy was performed in 121 and percutaneous in seven.TX indications included CBD stones in 41,PD stones in six,and biliary strictures in 25.DX indications included abnormal LFT’s in 15, abnormal imaging in 38 and cholangiocarcinoma staging in three.Visualization of the stone(s)was considered good in 31,fair in six,and poor in four. Advancement of the electrohydraulic lithotripsy probe was not possible in three patients and proper targeting of the lesion was partial in four patients.A holmium laser was used successfully in three patients.Ductal clearance was achieved in 37 patients after one procedure and in four patients after two procedures.Diagnosis of biliary strictures was modified in 20/29 and confirmed to be malignant in 10/23.Of the modified patients,no diagnosis was available in 17.Spyglass demonstrated malignancy in 8/17 and non-malignancy in nine.Suspected pathology by imaging studies and abnormal LFT’s was modified in 43/63(66%).Staging of cholangiocarcinoma demonstrated multicentric cholangiocarcinoma in 2/3.There was no morbidity associated with the use of Spyglass. CONCLUSION:Spyglass Spyscopeis a first generation, single operator miniature endoscope that can evaluate and treat various biliary and pancreatic tract diseases.

Determination of the Content of Total Alkaloids in Different Solvent Extracts from Climbing Groundsel Herb Produced in Guizhou Province and Their Antibacterial Activity

[Objective] This study aimed to compare the contents of total alkaloids in different solvent extracts from climbing groundsel herb produced in Guizhou Province and their antibacterial activity. [Method] The content of total alkaloids was measured by UV spectrophotometry, and Oxford cups were used to investigate the antibacterial activity of each solvent extract. [Result] There was a good linear correlation between the absorbance measured by the UV spectrophotometer and the content of total al- kaloids within the concentration of 0.011 0-0.054 8 mg/ml at 207 nm, and the re- gression equation was Y=23.654X＋0.021, R=0. 999 7 and the average recovery rate was 99.2%. The contents of total alkaloids in 60% ethanol extract, 95% ethanol and water ethanol were 38.71, 52.25 and 60.50 mg/g, respectively. The 60% ethanol ex- tract had strong antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylo- coccus aureus and Escherichia coil; the water extractive had stronger antibacterial activity against Escherichia colr, 95% ethanol extract had weak antibacterial activity, with no inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. [Conclusion] This method is accurate, simple, with good repeatability, which can be used for the determination of alkaloids content of the climbing groundsel herb; there is no positive correlation between the content of total alkaloids in different solvent extracts of climbing groundsel herb and their antibacterial activity.

Mitt Romney, Mormonism, and Religion in the 2008 Presidential Election

This study examined the impact of Mormonism on the 2008 presidential campaign of Mitt Romney. Romney faced a situation that reminded observers of John F. Kennedy＇s 1960 campaign. In 1960, Kennedy faced doubts about his Catholicism while Ronmey faced questions about the Mormon religion. Kennedy faced those doubts directly with a speech in Houston, Texas late in the campaign. Romney tried to do the same thing with a speech on his religious beliefs early in the primary campaigns. Kennedy＇s speech was effective, and he went on to win the presidential election. Romney＇s speech was not effective, and he was out of the race within two months. Kennedy＇s speech directly addressed the public＇s questions about Catholicism, while Romney＇s speech was an appeal for religious tolerance. The speech is examined in terms of the Pharisee Effect, a hypothesis which argues that religious appeals in politics failure if they are over used. Some voters were turned off by the negative image of his religion--a response consistent with the fanaticism backlash of the Pharisee Effect. Others may have reacted negatively to his perceived inauthentic attempts to reach out to evangelicals--a move that is consistent with the intentionality dimension of the Pharisee Effect. The Mormon issue did not become an issue in the 2012 election; Romney avoided it by simply not talking about his religion.

Urban Expansion and Its Influencing Factors in Natural Wetland Distribution Area in Fuzhou City,China

This paper principally focuses on land use dynamics,urban expansion and underlying driving forces in the Natural Wetland Distribution Area(NWDA)of Fuzhou City in the southeastern China.Based on time series Landsat TM/ETM+imageries and historical data,relationships between urban land expansion and its influencing factors from 1989 to 2009 were analyzed by using an integrated approach of remote sensing(RS)and geographic information system(GIS)techniques.The results showed that built-up land increased from 151.16 km2in 1989 to 383.76 km 2in 2009. Approximately 64.25%of the newly emerging built-up land was converted from cropland(29.47%),forest and shrub (25.78%),water(3.73%),wetland(4.61%),and bare land(0.66%)during 1989 and 2009.With a remarkable decrease in cropland,the proportion of non-agricultural population increased by 23.6%.Moreover,rapid development of infrastructures,facilities,industrial parks,and urban and rural settlements along the Minjiang River resulted in the eastward and southward expansion of built-up land.Additionally,the growth pattern of built-up land in the NWDA is highly correlated with socio-economic factors,including the gross domestic product(GDP),GDP per capita,and structure of industry.As a result,the observed environmental degradation such as loss of cropland and wetland due to heavy pressure of rapid urbanization have greatly impaired the carrying capacity of city.Thus,in addition to scientific and rational policies towards minimizing the adverse effects of urbanization,coordination between the administrative agencies should be urgently strengthened to balance the conflicts between urban development and ecological conservation to make sure the sustainable land use.

Annual Variations of Biogenic Element Contents of Manila Clam(Ruditapes philippinarum) Bottom-Cultivated in Jiaozhou Bay, China

Manila clam （Ruditapes philippinarum） was monthly sampled from its benthic aquaculture area in Jiaozhou Bay from May 2009 to June 2010.The annual variations of major elemental composition,organic content,fatness and element ratio of Manila clam were examined.The element removal effect of clam farming in Jiaozhou Bay was analyzed based on natural mortality and clam harvest.The results indicated that the variation trend of carbon content in shell （Cshell） was similar to that in clam （Cclam）.Such a variation was higher in summer and autumn than in other seasons,which ranged from 9.10±0.13 to 10.38 ± 0.09 mmol g^-1 and from 11.28 ±0.29 to 12.36±0.06 mmol g 1,respectively.Carbon content of flesh （Cflnesh） showed an opposite variation trend to that of shell in most months,varying from 29.42 ± 0.05 to 33.64 ± 0.62 mmol g^-1.Nitrogen content of shell （Nshell） and flesh （Nflesh） changed seasonally,which was relatively low in spring and summer.Nshell and Nflesh varied from 0.07 ±0.009 to 0.14±0.009 mmol g^-1 and from 5.46 ± 0.12 to 7.39 ± 0.43 mmol g^-1,respectively.Total nitrogen content of clam ranged from 0.50 ± 0.003 to 0.76 ± 0.10 mmol g^-1 with a falling tend except for a high value in March 2010.Phosphorus content of clam （Nclam） fluctuated largely,while phosphorus content of shell （Pshell） was less varied than that of flesh （Pflesh）.Pshell varied from 0.006±0.001 to 0.016±0.001 mmol g^-1; while Pflesh fluctuated between 0.058±0.017 and 0.293±0.029mmolg^-1.Pclam ranged from 0.015±0.002 to 0.041 ±0.006mmolg^-1.Carbon and nitrogen content were slightly affected by shell length,width or height.Elemental contents were closely related to the reproduction cycle.The removal amounts of carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus from clam harvest and natural death in Jiaozhou Bay were 2.92× 10^4t,1420t and 145 t,respectively.The nutrient removal may aid to reduce the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus,the main causes of eutrophication,and to maintain the ecosystem health of Jiaozhou Bay.

浪漫初夏

初夏,让浪漫满屋。纯净素雅的东方内敛魅力,绚烂花朵的西方浪漫情怀,家居设计和室内装饰品可以尽情地随意发挥,浓妆淡抹总相宜。而在充满浪漫气息的家中,具有设计感的家居用品是不可或缺的,而与之绝佳的搭配还有一杯口感极佳的葡萄酒。

没有理由的欲望

冬天。晴的。阳光挺好。市女三中的教室。右边是一面惨白的墙,白得像打了厚粉底的女人的脸,左边是教堂式的大窗。抬头。高楼大厦。我想看得更远。毫无疑问。

戈兰高地

1994年1月20日,以色列总理拉宾宣布:就戈兰高地进行全民公决,给目前正在进行的叙以和谈蒙上了一层阴影。 戈兰高地本是叙利亚领土,总面积1860km^2。1967年第4次中东战争中,l176km^2被以色列占领,目前,有12000以色列人在此居住。 早在1981年,以色列议会通过法案,决定在戈兰高地实施以色列法律。