超声提取龙眼核总黄酮量的工艺

采用超声方法研究龙眼核药用成分提取,探讨溶剂的浓度、超声时间、温度、料液比等各种因素对黄酮提取率的影响。并通过正交法对其超声提取进行全面分析,确定最佳提取工艺。其最佳工艺参数为60%乙醇为提取剂,温度70℃,时间30min,料液比1∶13,在此条件黄酮提取率可达3.99%。

桑叶经霜前后总黄酮积累量与苯丙氨酸解氨酶活力及气温相关性分析

为研究经霜对桑叶总黄酮积累量影响的机制,分析桑叶经霜前后总黄酮积累量合成关键酶苯丙氨酸解氨酶(phenylalnine ammonialyase,PAL)活力的动态变化,并对总黄酮积累量及气候温度进行相关性分析。在6 m L pH 8.8、0.1 mol/L硼砂-盐酸缓冲液中加入0.2 g桑叶叶片、0.2 g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,底物L-苯丙氨酸浓度为0.04 mol/L,40℃条件下水浴反应40 min后测定经霜前后桑叶PAL活力,采用紫外分光光度法测定经霜前后桑叶总黄酮积累量。结果表明:PAL活力与平均气温呈极显著负相关,与总黄酮积累量呈极显著正相关,较低的温度有利于黄酮类物质的积累。

蒙药槟榔十三味丸中总黄酮含量的测定

运用紫外分光光度法在510nm波长下以硝酸铝-亚硝酸钠-氢氧化钠作为显色试剂、芦丁作为对照品,测定蒙药槟榔十三味丸(高尤-13)中总黄酮含量。结果表明,在0~0.076mg/ml浓度范围内黄酮含量与吸光度局呈良好的线性关系,回归方程:y=0.011x+0.014,r2=0.999。通过不同浓度乙醇溶液溶解样品发现,80%乙醇提取的样品所含黄酮量最高,其黄酮含量为5.352μg/g;平均回收率为105.18%。

两种中草药化妆品配方的抗氧化活性比较及化妆水和乳液的制备

论文以多种中草药提取物复配而成的两种不同功效的化妆品配方为研究对象,对总酚与总黄酮含量、DPPH自由基清除能力、还原能力进行测定,并对其抗氧化活性进行比较.美白配方的含总酚、总黄酮量分别为720.25 mg GAE/g、18.17 mg QE/g,保湿配方的含总酚、总黄酮量分别为538.88 mg GAE/g、4.34 mg QE/g,美白配方和保湿配方的EC50值分别为106.44μg/mL、98.27μg/mL.试验结果表明,美白配方的总酚、总黄酮含量都大于保湿配方的总酚、总黄酮含量,美白配方的EC50大于保湿配方的EC50,且美白配方的还原能力大于保湿配方.比较这几项指标可知美白配方的抗氧化能力强于保湿配方.同时,该试验还以这两种中草药配方为原料,分别将其加入化妆水和乳液的制备工艺,制备出了性能良好的具有美白和保湿功效的化妆水和乳液.

Effects of Calcium Element on Biomass and Effective Constituents Contents in Blumea balsamifera in Slow Growth Period of Winter

The one-year-old seedlings of Blumea balsamifera （L.） DC. were applied with CaCl2.H2O that supplied Ca in slow growth period of winter three times. The heights, ground diameters, leaf lengths, leaf widths and biomasses of B. balsamifera plants were measured. In addition, the relative contents of total flavones in different parts of B. balsamifera were determined by UV spectrophotometry, and the absolute contents of total flavones were calculated. The relative contents of L-borneol in leaves of B. balsamifera were determined by GC, and the absolute contents of L- borneol were calculated. The results showed that calcium element significantly in- creased the biomasses in leaves, stems and roots of B. balsamifera in slow growth period of winter. The leaf biomass of B. balsamifera in the 5 g/L CaCl2-H2O treat- ment group was significantly higher than those in the other three treatment groups. The leaf biomasses of B. balsamifera in the 10 and 15 g/L CaCl2.H2O treatment groups were significantly higher than that in the CK, with 3.03 and 2.65 times, re- spectively. The application of Ca inhibited the accumulation of total flavones relative contents, but significantly increased the total flavones absolute contents in different parts of B. balsamifera. The relative and absolute contents of L-borneol in the 5 g/L CaCl2 .H2O treatment group were 0.22% and 0.22 g, which were increased by 37.50%, 22.22%, 37.50% and 100%, 100%, 450%, respectively compared with those in the 0, 10 and 15 g/L CaCl2.H2O treatment groups. The Ca element could signifi- cantly promote the accumulation of biomasses in leaves, stems and roots, as well as the absolute contents of total flavones and L-borneol in B. balsamifera in slow growth period of winter.

Analysis on Interaction between Genotype of Four Main Flavonoids of Barley Grain and Environment

[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the interaction between genotype of flavonoids of barley grain and environment, to increase the flavonoid content of barley grain in cultivation and breeding. [Method] In this study, the content of cate- chin, myricetin, quercetin and kaempferol of barley grain planted in Kunming, Qujing and Baoshan were determined by HPLC, and the genotype, environment, genotype- environment interaction of the flavonoid content of barley grain were analyzed. [Result] According to the experimental results, the genotype variance, environmental variance and G x E interaction variance of catechin and kaempferol contents show the same trend： genotype variation 〉 environmental variation 〉 G × E interaction variation, which all reach a extremely significant level; the genotype variance, envi- ronmental variance and G × E interaction variance of quercetin and total flavonoid contents show the same trend： genetype variation 〉 G × E interaction variation 〉 environmental variation, which all reach a extremely significant level; the genotype variance and environmental variance of myricetin content both reach a extremely sig- nificant level, while the G × E interaction variance reaches a significant level, showing an order of genotype variation 〉 environmental variation 〉 G × E interaction variation; the genotype variance, environmental variance and G x E interaction vari- ance of total flavonoid content show an order of genotype variation 〉 environmental variation 〉 G × E interaction variation. Among different barley varieties, Ziguang- mangluoerling and Kuanyingdamai in Qujing, Kunming and Baoshan have relatively high content of quercetin, while other barley varieties barely contain any quercetin. The grains of Ziguangmangluoerling and Kuanyingdamai are purple, while the grains of other barley varieties are yellow. [Conclusion] Four main flavonoids and the total flavonoids of barley grain are mainly under genetic control and affected by genetic- environment interactions; the purple barley grains contain high content of quercetin.

Influence of Solvent Polarity and Conditions on Extraction of Antioxidant, Flavonoids and Phenolic Content from A verrhoa bilimbi

This paper presents the influence of solvent polarity and extraction conditions on the extraction of total flavonoid, total phenolic and antioxidants from Averrhoa bilimbi. The experiment was performed using a different solvent at different extraction conditions, including extraction time （15-240 min）, temperature （30-70 ℃） and agitation speed （50-300 rpm）. Results showed that yields of extraction varies with solvent polarity. Extraction using 50% aqueous methanol gives the highest antioxidant activity and flavonoid content. The highest total flavonoid content （193.3 μg quercetin equivalent/g dry weight）, total phenolic content （717.8 μg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight） and antioxidant activity （77%） was achieved using 50% methanol, at 70 ℃ and agitation speed of 300 rpm. This work may be useful for obtaining higher bioactive compounds during the extraction process of A. bilimbi.

Intervarietal Variation in Proximate Composition and Antioxidant Potential of Dry Peas （Pisum sativum L）

The present research work was carried out to investigate the proximate composition and antioxidant capacities of newly invented varieties of dry peas. The proximate composition in terms of moisture （7.00-8.50%）, ash （3.85-4.97%）, fiber （3.8-12.3%） and protein （17.3-18.8%） contents varied significantly with respect to various cultivars. Total phenolic contents （TPC）, total flavonoids contents （TFC）, percentage inhibition of peroxidation of linoleic acid system, reducing power and DPPH free radical scavenging capacity of different dry peas extracts were found in range of 0.651-0.684 g/100g of GAE, 0.021-0.041 g/100g of CE, 0.713-0.895, 40.051-84.608%, 18.097-24.591 mg/mL, respectively. The amount of TFC, and percent inhibition of per oxidation in linoleic system of different dry peas extracts varied significantly among various cultivars and solvents. From the results of present investigations it is reasonable to say that 80% methanolic extracts of dry peas have exhibited varying degree of antioxidant activity.

Effect of Storage Time and Temperature on Phenolic, Flavonoid Contents and Antioxidant Properties of Milled Rice

The objective of this study was to determine the phenolic, flavonoid contents and amioxidant properties in the milled rice cv. Khaw Dawk Mali 105 during storage for 0-7 months at different temperatures. The total phenolic content of non-stored rice was 17.02 mg/g and 7-month stored rice at 25℃ was 6.07 ＋ 0.01 mg/g while storage for 7 months at 37 ℃, the phenolic contents was 7.29±0.35 mg/g. The total flavonoid content of non-stored rice was 13.26 ± 0.01 mg/g and 7 month stored rice at 25 ℃ was 6.74±0.01 mg/g while storage for 7 months at 37℃, the flavonoid content was 6.45 ± 0.12 mg/g. The antioxidant property determined by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） radical expressed in the value of EC50 （DPPH） of non-stored rice was 0.27 mg/mL and 7-month stored rice at 25℃ was 12.15 mg/mL while storage for 7 months at 37℃, the antioxidant property was 6.34 mg/mL. The antioxidant property determined by lipid peroxidation expressed in the value of EC50 （lipid peroxidation） of non-stored rice was 0.12 mg/mL and 7 month stored rice at 25℃ was 1.18 rag/mL while storage for 7-months at 37 ℃, the antioxidant property was 1.10 mg/mL. The results showed that storage time at 25℃ and 37 ℃ caused decrease of extractable phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activities of the milled rice however 7-month stored milled rice at 37 ℃ milled rice at 25 ℃.

Flavonoid Content and Antioxidant Properties in Different Extracts of Calluna vulgaris （L,） Flowers

This study evaluated the effect of four different solvent, i.e., water, ethanol, water-ethanol mixture and ethyl acetate, on the antioxidant activities of wild and cultivated heather （Calluna vulgaris （L.） Hull） plant. The highest values for total flavonoid content were obtained for samples extracted using ethanol-water mixture and ethyl acetate. Cupric reducing antioxidant capacity （CUPRAC） method, scavenging ability on 1,1-diphenyl-2-pirylhydrazyl radicals （DPPH） radicals and chelating activity on Fe2~ ions have been used for evaluation of antioxidant activity of the extracts. Ethanolic fraction exhibited the lowest reducing capacity, despite a heather sample used. The extracts of cultivated heather exhibited significant scavenging effect on DPPH radicals, and ethanol and ethanol-water fractions were found to be the most effective. The metal-chelating effect of the extracts increased in the order： ethanol 〈 ethyl acetate 〈 ethanol-water 〈 water. The results may be helpful for better utilization of heather flowers extracts as potential pharmaceutical and nutraceutical ingredient.

Effects of four metal Ions on phenylalanine ammoni-alyase activities and flavonoids content of ginkgo biloba leaves

The enzyme activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase from six years old Ginkgo biloba leaves in the potted orchard were induced by four groups of metal ions respectively. The PAL activities and flavonoids content were measured by the UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Changes of the whole year were also studied. The results showed that four groups of metal ion treatments had significant effects on the PAL activities and flavonoids contents in Ginkgo leaves. The treatments with 0.1% and 0.3% FeSO4, 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3% ZnSO4, 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.5% MnSO4, 0.1% and 0.4% CuSO4 not only enhanced flavonoids contents, but also extended the optimum harvest dates of ginkgo leaves. The optimum combination was 0.1% FeSO4, 0.2% ZnSO4, 0.3% MnSO4, and 0.4% CuSO4. It could improve flavonoids content up to 1.619 4%.

In vitro antioxidant activity of callus culture of carrot （Daucus carom）

Carrot （Daucus carom） is a valuable source of health promoting ingredients such as anthocyanin, carotenes, phenolic compounds etc. These substances are important to man as a source of pharmaceuticals, fragrance, agrochemicals as well as food additives and used for prevention of many chronic diseases. Since these activities may be correlated with the presence of antioxidant compounds, extract of carrot and carrot callus were evaluated for their anthocyanin, flavonoids and total phenolic content as well as total antioxidant activity. Anthocyanin content was measured by spectrophotometric method. Total phenols and flavonoids were analyzed according to the Folin-Ciocalteu method and total antioxidant activity was assessed by ferric reducing/antioxidant power （FRAP） assay. Anthocyanin, flavonoids and total phenolic content were estimated to be 9.36 mg%, 46.96 mg% and 57.01 mg% for callus and 6.82 mg%, 32.96 mg% and 42.69 mg% for carrot, respectively, on fresh weight basis. The total antioxidant activity for the callus and carrot was found to be 51.13 mg, 118.77 mg, 91.08 mg and 140.08 mg equivalent and 79.40 mg, 184.44 mg, 141.43 mg and 217.52 mg equivalent to gallic acid, vitamin C, butylated hydroxyanisole （BHA） and trolox, respectively, when expressed per 100 g on fresh weight basis. The antioxidant activity of fresh carrot was found to be higher compared to its callus.