The transformation of the medieval city of Rhodes and the modification of its buildings since the siege of 1522 by Suleiman the Magnificent up to the 20th century, were imposed by the social and religious needs of eac...The transformation of the medieval city of Rhodes and the modification of its buildings since the siege of 1522 by Suleiman the Magnificent up to the 20th century, were imposed by the social and religious needs of each of its conquerors. In particular, during the period of the Ottoman rule （1522-1912）, most of the churches were converted into mosques while new buildings like public baths and mansions were constructed, resulting in alterations in the morphological characteristics of the city. Although the buildings of the Hospitalier＇s period （1307-1522） were preserved, the additions and adjustments resulted into a mixture of western and oriental architecture, which today determines the multicultural identity of the city. In 1988, UNESCO （United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization） designated the medieval city of Rhodes as a world heritage city for its exemplary architectural complexity and variability, which perfectly reflects the complex historical phenomena and the unique integration of various cultures for more than seven centuries. In this paper, the management of the modifications and the restoration approach of four representative mosques are presented.展开更多
This paper provides a historical review of the star system in China's Mainland＇s music industry from 1978 to 2012. It suggests that from 1978 to 1989, parW stars and semi-commercialized stars appeared in China＇s...This paper provides a historical review of the star system in China's Mainland＇s music industry from 1978 to 2012. It suggests that from 1978 to 1989, parW stars and semi-commercialized stars appeared in China＇s music industry; while commercialized stars blossomed from 1990 to 1999. From 2000 to 2012, the decline of party stars and commercialized stars contributed to the rise of talent show stars. This paper also argues that talent show stars first entered the music industry＇s star system as party stars and commercialized stars around 2005. Notably, it analyzes the power relationship that shapes the current star system and the meaning of stardom in Chinese popular culture. Party stars are largely a manifestation of state power that must occasionally negotiate with media power. Commercialized stars, as representatives of popular culture, primarily rely on media power but, to a certain degree, must also conform to state power. Talent show stars, however, after 2007 gradually stopped representing audience power alone and instead became results of negotiation and rehalancing of state power, media power, and audience power.展开更多
The massive neutron star discoverer announced that strange particles, such as hyperons should be ruled out in the neutron star core as the soft Equation of State(EOS) can-not support a massive neutron star. However, m...The massive neutron star discoverer announced that strange particles, such as hyperons should be ruled out in the neutron star core as the soft Equation of State(EOS) can-not support a massive neutron star. However, many of the nuclear theories and laboratory experiments support that at high density the strange particles will appear and the corresponding EOS of super-dense matters will become soft. This situation promotes a challenge between the astro-observation and nuclear physics. In this work, we introduce an effective mechanism to answer this challenge, that is, if a neutron star is electrically charged, a soft EOS will be equivalently stiffened and thus can support a massive neutron star. By employing a representative soft EOS, it is found that in order to obtain an evident effect on the EOS and thus increasing the maximum stellar mass by the electrostatic field, the total net charge should be in an order of 1020 C. Moreover, by comparing the results of two kind of charge distributions, it is found that even for different distributions, a similar total charge:～2.3×1020C is needed to support a～2.0M⊙neutron star.展开更多
文摘The transformation of the medieval city of Rhodes and the modification of its buildings since the siege of 1522 by Suleiman the Magnificent up to the 20th century, were imposed by the social and religious needs of each of its conquerors. In particular, during the period of the Ottoman rule （1522-1912）, most of the churches were converted into mosques while new buildings like public baths and mansions were constructed, resulting in alterations in the morphological characteristics of the city. Although the buildings of the Hospitalier＇s period （1307-1522） were preserved, the additions and adjustments resulted into a mixture of western and oriental architecture, which today determines the multicultural identity of the city. In 1988, UNESCO （United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization） designated the medieval city of Rhodes as a world heritage city for its exemplary architectural complexity and variability, which perfectly reflects the complex historical phenomena and the unique integration of various cultures for more than seven centuries. In this paper, the management of the modifications and the restoration approach of four representative mosques are presented.
文摘This paper provides a historical review of the star system in China's Mainland＇s music industry from 1978 to 2012. It suggests that from 1978 to 1989, parW stars and semi-commercialized stars appeared in China＇s music industry; while commercialized stars blossomed from 1990 to 1999. From 2000 to 2012, the decline of party stars and commercialized stars contributed to the rise of talent show stars. This paper also argues that talent show stars first entered the music industry＇s star system as party stars and commercialized stars around 2005. Notably, it analyzes the power relationship that shapes the current star system and the meaning of stardom in Chinese popular culture. Party stars are largely a manifestation of state power that must occasionally negotiate with media power. Commercialized stars, as representatives of popular culture, primarily rely on media power but, to a certain degree, must also conform to state power. Talent show stars, however, after 2007 gradually stopped representing audience power alone and instead became results of negotiation and rehalancing of state power, media power, and audience power.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.10947023,11275073,and 11305063)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University of China(Grant Nos.2013ZG0036and 2013ZM107)University of China(Grant Nos.2013ZG0036 and2013ZM107)
文摘The massive neutron star discoverer announced that strange particles, such as hyperons should be ruled out in the neutron star core as the soft Equation of State(EOS) can-not support a massive neutron star. However, many of the nuclear theories and laboratory experiments support that at high density the strange particles will appear and the corresponding EOS of super-dense matters will become soft. This situation promotes a challenge between the astro-observation and nuclear physics. In this work, we introduce an effective mechanism to answer this challenge, that is, if a neutron star is electrically charged, a soft EOS will be equivalently stiffened and thus can support a massive neutron star. By employing a representative soft EOS, it is found that in order to obtain an evident effect on the EOS and thus increasing the maximum stellar mass by the electrostatic field, the total net charge should be in an order of 1020 C. Moreover, by comparing the results of two kind of charge distributions, it is found that even for different distributions, a similar total charge:～2.3×1020C is needed to support a～2.0M⊙neutron star.
