Association of silica with diseases like cancers has been determined previously. This study was designed to determine the quantity of silis in flour produced in Golestan Province, and its relation to esophageal cancer...Association of silica with diseases like cancers has been determined previously. This study was designed to determine the quantity of silis in flour produced in Golestan Province, and its relation to esophageal cancer (EC). We took flour samples from all flour millings in Golestan Province. Base-melting method in nickel cruise was used at 550℃. The extract was reduced with acids. Different silis concentrations in various regions were compared. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The median silis concentration was 0.0030 g, the mean silis concentration was 0.008760 ± 0.004265 g in each 100 g flour. The difference of mean silis concentrations in various regions was not significant. No high level of silica was found in the flour of Golestan Province. We could not find any significant difference in various areas between silica contaminations. Studies on the consumed bread and rice in various regions of Golestan Province can be helpful.展开更多
AIM:To assess the prevalence of human papilloma virus(HPV) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC) in the south-eastern region of Poland.METHODS:The study population consisted of 56 ESCC patients and 35 controls.T...AIM:To assess the prevalence of human papilloma virus(HPV) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC) in the south-eastern region of Poland.METHODS:The study population consisted of 56 ESCC patients and 35 controls.The controls were patients referred to our department due to other nonesophageal and non-oncological disorders with no gross or microscopic esophageal pathology as confirmed by endoscopy and histopathology.In the ESCC patients,samples were taken from normal mucosa(56 mucosa samples) and from the tumor(56 tumor samples).Tissue samples from the controls were taken from normal mucosa of the middle esophagus(35 control samples).Quantitative determination of DNA was carried out using a spectrophotometric method.Genomic DNA was isolated using the QIAamp DNA Midi Kit.HPV infection was identified following PCR amplification of the HPV gene sequence,using primers MY09 and MY11 complementary to the genome sequence of at least 33 types of HPV.The sequencing results were computationally analyzed using the basic local alignment search tool database.RESULTS:In tumor samples,HPV DNA was identified in 28 of 56 patients(50%).High risk HPV phenotypes(16 or/and 18) were found in 5 of 56 patients(8.9%),low risk in 19 of 56 patients(33.9%) and other types of HPV(37,81,97,CP6108) in 4 of 56 patients(7.1%).In mucosa samples,HPV DNA was isolated in 21 of 56 patients(37.5%).High risk HPV DNA was confirmed in 3 of 56 patients(5.3%),low risk HPV DNA in 12 of 56 patients(21.4%),and other types of HPV in 6 of 56 patients(10.7%).In control samples,HPV DNA was identified in 4 of 35 patients(11.4%) with no high risk HPV.The occurrence of HPV in ESCC patients was significantly higher than in the controls [28 of 56(50%) vs 4 of 35(11.4%),P < 0.001].In esophageal cancer patients,both in tumor and mucosa samples,the predominant HPV phenotypes were low risk HPV,isolated 4 times more frequently than high risk phenotypes [19 of 56(33.9%) vs 5 of 56(8.9%),P < 0.001].A higher prevalence of HPV was identified in female patients(71.4% vs 46.9%).Accordingly,the high risk phenotypes were isolated more frequently in female patients and this difference reached statistical significance [3 of 7(42.9%) vs 2 of 49(4.1%),P < 0.05].Of the pathological characteristics,only an infiltrative pattern of macroscopic tumor type significantly correlated with the presence of HPV DNA in ESCC samples [20 of 27(74.1%) vs 8 of 29(27.6%) for ulcerative or protruding macroscopic type,P < 0.05].The occurrence of total HPV DNA and both HPV high or low risk phenotypes did not significantly differ with regard to particular grades of cellular differentiation,phases in depth of tumor infiltration,grades of nodal involvement and stages of tumor progression.CONCLUSION:Low risk HPV phenotypes could be one of the co-activators or/and co-carcinogens in complex,progressive,multifactorial and multistep esophageal carcinogenesis.展开更多
Objective： The proper time to commence adjuvant chemotherapy after primary surgery for breast cancer is unknown. It is usually prescribed within 2-3 months after definitive surgery. The aim of this retrospective stud...Objective： The proper time to commence adjuvant chemotherapy after primary surgery for breast cancer is unknown. It is usually prescribed within 2-3 months after definitive surgery. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the impact of adjuvant chemotherapy （CT） delay beyond 3 weeks （ 21 days） in premenopausal patients with ER-absent tumors being treated for early stages breast cancer on overall survival （OS） and disease-free survival （DFS）. Methods： This retrospective study was conducted through revision of medical records of premenopausal patients diagnosed with early stage ｜-｜IIA breast cancer and ER-absent tumors who received adjuvant CT after definitive surgery at the Department of Clinical Oncology, Ain-Shams University Hospitals. Results： Between 2005 and 2008, 105 patients were retrospectively analyzed and included. Patients were divided into 2 groups： Group A including 48 patients who started adjuvant CT 〈 21 days of surgery and group B which included 57 patients who had CT delay 〉 21 days. Both groups were matched demographically. Comparisons of overall survival, and disease-free survival between group A and group B patients all favored group A. At 5-year the OS rates were 87% and 73% for groups A and B respectively （P = 0.001）, while DFS rates were 85% and 64% in groups A and B respectively （P = 0.001）. Analysis of other prognostic factors （age, T, N, grade, HER2 status, surgery type, CT type, local radiotherapy received） were analyzed. Only nodal status predicted for worse DFS （P = 0.05） and OS （P = 0.006）. Conclusion： Delay in initiating adjuvant chemotherapy for early stage breast cancer patients with ER-absent tumors was associated with a decrease in both OS and DFS rates.展开更多
Objective:The aim of our study was to evaluate the serum levels of CA19-9 in patients with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)and to analyze the relationship between serum levels of CA19-9 and metastasis.Methods:Serum l...Objective:The aim of our study was to evaluate the serum levels of CA19-9 in patients with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)and to analyze the relationship between serum levels of CA19-9 and metastasis.Methods:Serum levels of CA19-9 in 1200 NSCLC patients from February 2006 to August 2011 were evaluated retrospectively.The relationship between serum levels of CA19-9 and sites of metastasis were analyzed.Results:Of the 1200 patients,528 were stage IV and the positive rate of CA19-9 was 32%(169 cases)and 288 stage III,positive rate 20%(58 cases);144 stage II,positive rate 12%(17 cases);240 stage I,positive rate 3%(7 cases).There were statistical differences from stage I to stage IV(P<0.01).The total positive rate in the 1200 cases was 21%.Furthermore,of the 528 stage IV cases,350 had bone metastasis and the positive rate of CA19-9 was 43%(150 cases)in bone metastatic cases.In turn,in CA19-9 positive patients(169 cases)of stage IV, the positive rate of bone metastasis was 89%(150/169).There was no statistical difference of positive rate of CA19-9 between adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma(P>0.05).Conclusion:Positive rate of CA19-9 increases accordingly from stage I to stage IV.The serum levels of CA19-9 may be as an indicator for metastases in patients with NSCLC,especially for bone metastasis in stage IV diseases.展开更多
AIM： To evaluate routine modified D2 lymphadenectomy in gastric cancer, based on immunohistochemicaUy detected skip micrometastases in level 11 lymph nodes. METHODS： Among 95 gastric cancer patients who were routine...AIM： To evaluate routine modified D2 lymphadenectomy in gastric cancer, based on immunohistochemicaUy detected skip micrometastases in level 11 lymph nodes. METHODS： Among 95 gastric cancer patients who were routinely submitted to curative modified D2 lymphadenectomy, from January 2004 to December 2008, 32 were classified as pN0. All level I lymph nodes of these 32 patients were submitted to immunohistochemistry for micrometastases detection. Patients in whom micrometastases were detected in the level Ⅰ lymph node stations （n = 4） were excluded from further analysis. The level 11 lymph nodes of the remaining 28 patients were studied immunohistochemically for micrometastases detection and constitute the material of the present study. RESULTS： Skip micrometastases in the level Ⅱ lymph nodes were detected in 14% （4 out of 28） of the patients. The incidence was further increased to 17% （4 out of 24） in the subgroup of T1-2 gastric cancer patients. All micrometastases were detected in the No. 7 lymph node station. Thus, the disease was upstaged from stage Ⅰ A to Ⅰ B in one patient and from stage Ⅰ B to Ⅱ in three patients. CONCLUSION： In gastric cancer, true R0 resection may not be achieved without modified D2 lymphadenectomy. Until D2＋/D3 lymphadenectomy becomes standard, modified D2 lymphadenectomy should be performed routinely.展开更多
Objective:The aim of the research was to investigate the relationship between gastric cancer stage, prognosis and blood platelets count. Methods: Platelet (PLT) count was analyzed retrospectively in 203 patients with ...Objective:The aim of the research was to investigate the relationship between gastric cancer stage, prognosis and blood platelets count. Methods: Platelet (PLT) count was analyzed retrospectively in 203 patients with gastric cancer from 1998 to 2002. The survivals of gastric cancer were compared between normal PLT group and thrombocytosis group. Results: Among 203 cases, PLT increased in 21 cases. The average platelet counts of patients at different stages had statistically significant differences (P<0.01). The 3-and 5-year survivals in patients of thrombocytosis group were lower than those of the normal PLT group (P<0.01). Conclusion: Thrombocytosis in gastric cancers with advanced stage are common. And PLT count can be a prognostic indicator of survival in patients with gastric cancer undergoing gastrectomy.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the association between p53 codon 72 polymorphism and liver cancer risk by means of meta-analysis. METHODS:Two investigators independently searched the Medline,Embase and Chinese Biomedicine databases....AIM:To evaluate the association between p53 codon 72 polymorphism and liver cancer risk by means of meta-analysis. METHODS:Two investigators independently searched the Medline,Embase and Chinese Biomedicine databases.Summary odds ratios and 95%CI for p53 codon 72 polymorphism and liver cancer were calculated in fixedeffects model(Mantel-Haenszel method)and randomeffects model(DerSimonian and Laird method)when appropriate. RESULTS:This meta-analysis included 1115 liver cancer cases and 1778 controls.The combined results based on all studies showed that there was a statistically significant link between Pro/Pro genotype and liver cancer,but not between Arg/Arg or Pro/Arg genotype and liver cancer.When stratifying for race,similar results were obtained,i.e.patients with liver cancer had a significantly higher frequency of Pro/Pro genotype than non-cancer patients among Asians.After stratifying thevarious studies by control source,gender,family history of liver cancer and chronic hepatitis virus infection,we found that(1)patients among hospital-based studies had a significantly higher frequency of Pro/Pro and a significantly lower frequency of Arg/Arg genotype than individuals without cancer;(2)female patients with liver cancer had a significantly lower frequency of Arg/Arg and a higher frequency of Pro/Arg+Pro/Pro genotypes than female individuals without cancer;(3)subgroup analyses for family history of liver cancer did not reveal any significant association between p53 codon 72 polymorphism and liver cancer development;and(4) patients with negative hepatitis virus infection had a significantly higher frequency of Pro/Pro and a significantly lower frequency of Arg/Arg genotype than individuals without cancer. CONCLUSION:This meta-analysis suggests that the p53 codon 72 polymorphism may be associated with liver cancer among Asians.展开更多
AIM:To determine the incidence of brain metastasis in a contemporary group of patients with carcinoma of the esophagus.METHODS:Retrospective analysis of 53 patients with esophageal carcinoma who received radiotherapy ...AIM:To determine the incidence of brain metastasis in a contemporary group of patients with carcinoma of the esophagus.METHODS:Retrospective analysis of 53 patients with esophageal carcinoma who received radiotherapy as a component of treatment between 1998 and 2007,including patient and tumor characteristics,and subsequent diagnosis of brain metastasis.The association between the histological type of esophageal cancer and the incidence of brain metastasis was assessed using Fisher's exact test.RESULTS:Forty-four of the fifty-three patients in this study had adenocarcinoma and nine had squamous cell carcinoma,ranging from stage ⅡA-ⅣB.Primary treatment was surgery with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (trimodality therapy) in 19% of patients;chemoradiotherapy in 42%;and surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy in 7%.Twenty-five percent of patients inthis study received palliative radiotherapy.The overall incidence of brain metastasis in this cohort was 13%.Adenocarcinoma was the primary tumor histology in all of the patients who developed brain metastasis,representing an incidence of 16% in this subgroup.No patients with squamous cell carcinoma received trimodality therapy.The association between histology and brain metastasis was not statistically significant.CONCLUSION:The incidence of brain metastasis in this contemporary cohort of patients with esophageal carcinoma is higher than previously reported and was confined to those with adenocarcinoma.展开更多
文摘Association of silica with diseases like cancers has been determined previously. This study was designed to determine the quantity of silis in flour produced in Golestan Province, and its relation to esophageal cancer (EC). We took flour samples from all flour millings in Golestan Province. Base-melting method in nickel cruise was used at 550℃. The extract was reduced with acids. Different silis concentrations in various regions were compared. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The median silis concentration was 0.0030 g, the mean silis concentration was 0.008760 ± 0.004265 g in each 100 g flour. The difference of mean silis concentrations in various regions was not significant. No high level of silica was found in the flour of Golestan Province. We could not find any significant difference in various areas between silica contaminations. Studies on the consumed bread and rice in various regions of Golestan Province can be helpful.
基金Supported by Medical University of Lublin,Scientific Research Grant
文摘AIM:To assess the prevalence of human papilloma virus(HPV) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC) in the south-eastern region of Poland.METHODS:The study population consisted of 56 ESCC patients and 35 controls.The controls were patients referred to our department due to other nonesophageal and non-oncological disorders with no gross or microscopic esophageal pathology as confirmed by endoscopy and histopathology.In the ESCC patients,samples were taken from normal mucosa(56 mucosa samples) and from the tumor(56 tumor samples).Tissue samples from the controls were taken from normal mucosa of the middle esophagus(35 control samples).Quantitative determination of DNA was carried out using a spectrophotometric method.Genomic DNA was isolated using the QIAamp DNA Midi Kit.HPV infection was identified following PCR amplification of the HPV gene sequence,using primers MY09 and MY11 complementary to the genome sequence of at least 33 types of HPV.The sequencing results were computationally analyzed using the basic local alignment search tool database.RESULTS:In tumor samples,HPV DNA was identified in 28 of 56 patients(50%).High risk HPV phenotypes(16 or/and 18) were found in 5 of 56 patients(8.9%),low risk in 19 of 56 patients(33.9%) and other types of HPV(37,81,97,CP6108) in 4 of 56 patients(7.1%).In mucosa samples,HPV DNA was isolated in 21 of 56 patients(37.5%).High risk HPV DNA was confirmed in 3 of 56 patients(5.3%),low risk HPV DNA in 12 of 56 patients(21.4%),and other types of HPV in 6 of 56 patients(10.7%).In control samples,HPV DNA was identified in 4 of 35 patients(11.4%) with no high risk HPV.The occurrence of HPV in ESCC patients was significantly higher than in the controls [28 of 56(50%) vs 4 of 35(11.4%),P < 0.001].In esophageal cancer patients,both in tumor and mucosa samples,the predominant HPV phenotypes were low risk HPV,isolated 4 times more frequently than high risk phenotypes [19 of 56(33.9%) vs 5 of 56(8.9%),P < 0.001].A higher prevalence of HPV was identified in female patients(71.4% vs 46.9%).Accordingly,the high risk phenotypes were isolated more frequently in female patients and this difference reached statistical significance [3 of 7(42.9%) vs 2 of 49(4.1%),P < 0.05].Of the pathological characteristics,only an infiltrative pattern of macroscopic tumor type significantly correlated with the presence of HPV DNA in ESCC samples [20 of 27(74.1%) vs 8 of 29(27.6%) for ulcerative or protruding macroscopic type,P < 0.05].The occurrence of total HPV DNA and both HPV high or low risk phenotypes did not significantly differ with regard to particular grades of cellular differentiation,phases in depth of tumor infiltration,grades of nodal involvement and stages of tumor progression.CONCLUSION:Low risk HPV phenotypes could be one of the co-activators or/and co-carcinogens in complex,progressive,multifactorial and multistep esophageal carcinogenesis.
文摘Objective： The proper time to commence adjuvant chemotherapy after primary surgery for breast cancer is unknown. It is usually prescribed within 2-3 months after definitive surgery. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the impact of adjuvant chemotherapy （CT） delay beyond 3 weeks （ 21 days） in premenopausal patients with ER-absent tumors being treated for early stages breast cancer on overall survival （OS） and disease-free survival （DFS）. Methods： This retrospective study was conducted through revision of medical records of premenopausal patients diagnosed with early stage ｜-｜IIA breast cancer and ER-absent tumors who received adjuvant CT after definitive surgery at the Department of Clinical Oncology, Ain-Shams University Hospitals. Results： Between 2005 and 2008, 105 patients were retrospectively analyzed and included. Patients were divided into 2 groups： Group A including 48 patients who started adjuvant CT 〈 21 days of surgery and group B which included 57 patients who had CT delay 〉 21 days. Both groups were matched demographically. Comparisons of overall survival, and disease-free survival between group A and group B patients all favored group A. At 5-year the OS rates were 87% and 73% for groups A and B respectively （P = 0.001）, while DFS rates were 85% and 64% in groups A and B respectively （P = 0.001）. Analysis of other prognostic factors （age, T, N, grade, HER2 status, surgery type, CT type, local radiotherapy received） were analyzed. Only nodal status predicted for worse DFS （P = 0.05） and OS （P = 0.006）. Conclusion： Delay in initiating adjuvant chemotherapy for early stage breast cancer patients with ER-absent tumors was associated with a decrease in both OS and DFS rates.
文摘Objective:The aim of our study was to evaluate the serum levels of CA19-9 in patients with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)and to analyze the relationship between serum levels of CA19-9 and metastasis.Methods:Serum levels of CA19-9 in 1200 NSCLC patients from February 2006 to August 2011 were evaluated retrospectively.The relationship between serum levels of CA19-9 and sites of metastasis were analyzed.Results:Of the 1200 patients,528 were stage IV and the positive rate of CA19-9 was 32%(169 cases)and 288 stage III,positive rate 20%(58 cases);144 stage II,positive rate 12%(17 cases);240 stage I,positive rate 3%(7 cases).There were statistical differences from stage I to stage IV(P<0.01).The total positive rate in the 1200 cases was 21%.Furthermore,of the 528 stage IV cases,350 had bone metastasis and the positive rate of CA19-9 was 43%(150 cases)in bone metastatic cases.In turn,in CA19-9 positive patients(169 cases)of stage IV, the positive rate of bone metastasis was 89%(150/169).There was no statistical difference of positive rate of CA19-9 between adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma(P>0.05).Conclusion:Positive rate of CA19-9 increases accordingly from stage I to stage IV.The serum levels of CA19-9 may be as an indicator for metastases in patients with NSCLC,especially for bone metastasis in stage IV diseases.
文摘AIM： To evaluate routine modified D2 lymphadenectomy in gastric cancer, based on immunohistochemicaUy detected skip micrometastases in level 11 lymph nodes. METHODS： Among 95 gastric cancer patients who were routinely submitted to curative modified D2 lymphadenectomy, from January 2004 to December 2008, 32 were classified as pN0. All level I lymph nodes of these 32 patients were submitted to immunohistochemistry for micrometastases detection. Patients in whom micrometastases were detected in the level Ⅰ lymph node stations （n = 4） were excluded from further analysis. The level 11 lymph nodes of the remaining 28 patients were studied immunohistochemically for micrometastases detection and constitute the material of the present study. RESULTS： Skip micrometastases in the level Ⅱ lymph nodes were detected in 14% （4 out of 28） of the patients. The incidence was further increased to 17% （4 out of 24） in the subgroup of T1-2 gastric cancer patients. All micrometastases were detected in the No. 7 lymph node station. Thus, the disease was upstaged from stage Ⅰ A to Ⅰ B in one patient and from stage Ⅰ B to Ⅱ in three patients. CONCLUSION： In gastric cancer, true R0 resection may not be achieved without modified D2 lymphadenectomy. Until D2＋/D3 lymphadenectomy becomes standard, modified D2 lymphadenectomy should be performed routinely.
文摘Objective:The aim of the research was to investigate the relationship between gastric cancer stage, prognosis and blood platelets count. Methods: Platelet (PLT) count was analyzed retrospectively in 203 patients with gastric cancer from 1998 to 2002. The survivals of gastric cancer were compared between normal PLT group and thrombocytosis group. Results: Among 203 cases, PLT increased in 21 cases. The average platelet counts of patients at different stages had statistically significant differences (P<0.01). The 3-and 5-year survivals in patients of thrombocytosis group were lower than those of the normal PLT group (P<0.01). Conclusion: Thrombocytosis in gastric cancers with advanced stage are common. And PLT count can be a prognostic indicator of survival in patients with gastric cancer undergoing gastrectomy.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the association between p53 codon 72 polymorphism and liver cancer risk by means of meta-analysis. METHODS:Two investigators independently searched the Medline,Embase and Chinese Biomedicine databases.Summary odds ratios and 95%CI for p53 codon 72 polymorphism and liver cancer were calculated in fixedeffects model(Mantel-Haenszel method)and randomeffects model(DerSimonian and Laird method)when appropriate. RESULTS:This meta-analysis included 1115 liver cancer cases and 1778 controls.The combined results based on all studies showed that there was a statistically significant link between Pro/Pro genotype and liver cancer,but not between Arg/Arg or Pro/Arg genotype and liver cancer.When stratifying for race,similar results were obtained,i.e.patients with liver cancer had a significantly higher frequency of Pro/Pro genotype than non-cancer patients among Asians.After stratifying thevarious studies by control source,gender,family history of liver cancer and chronic hepatitis virus infection,we found that(1)patients among hospital-based studies had a significantly higher frequency of Pro/Pro and a significantly lower frequency of Arg/Arg genotype than individuals without cancer;(2)female patients with liver cancer had a significantly lower frequency of Arg/Arg and a higher frequency of Pro/Arg+Pro/Pro genotypes than female individuals without cancer;(3)subgroup analyses for family history of liver cancer did not reveal any significant association between p53 codon 72 polymorphism and liver cancer development;and(4) patients with negative hepatitis virus infection had a significantly higher frequency of Pro/Pro and a significantly lower frequency of Arg/Arg genotype than individuals without cancer. CONCLUSION:This meta-analysis suggests that the p53 codon 72 polymorphism may be associated with liver cancer among Asians.
文摘AIM:To determine the incidence of brain metastasis in a contemporary group of patients with carcinoma of the esophagus.METHODS:Retrospective analysis of 53 patients with esophageal carcinoma who received radiotherapy as a component of treatment between 1998 and 2007,including patient and tumor characteristics,and subsequent diagnosis of brain metastasis.The association between the histological type of esophageal cancer and the incidence of brain metastasis was assessed using Fisher's exact test.RESULTS:Forty-four of the fifty-three patients in this study had adenocarcinoma and nine had squamous cell carcinoma,ranging from stage ⅡA-ⅣB.Primary treatment was surgery with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (trimodality therapy) in 19% of patients;chemoradiotherapy in 42%;and surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy in 7%.Twenty-five percent of patients inthis study received palliative radiotherapy.The overall incidence of brain metastasis in this cohort was 13%.Adenocarcinoma was the primary tumor histology in all of the patients who developed brain metastasis,representing an incidence of 16% in this subgroup.No patients with squamous cell carcinoma received trimodality therapy.The association between histology and brain metastasis was not statistically significant.CONCLUSION:The incidence of brain metastasis in this contemporary cohort of patients with esophageal carcinoma is higher than previously reported and was confined to those with adenocarcinoma.
