无机-有机杂化材料用于胶体类悬浮物的絮凝脱除

胶体类悬浮物一直以来均是废水处理的难点,不仅消耗大量的絮凝剂,且常需多种药剂组合使用,造成水处理成本高、固体废渣产生量大、工艺流程冗长等一系列问题。为了克服物理共混法导致无机与有机材料复合不均匀的弊端,借助有机单体在无机组分中的原位聚合反应,成功研制出无机-有机杂化材料聚(硅酸氯化铝-丙烯酰胺)[P(SAC-AM)]。选择煤气化废水作为研究对象,并与常用市售絮凝剂聚合硅酸氯化铝,聚丙烯酰胺以及聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵进行对比,考察了P(SACAM)对胶体类悬浮物的絮凝性能。结果表明,P(SAC-AM)可充分发挥电中和与吸附架桥的协同作用,在低投加量条件下,获得比市售絮凝剂单独或组合使用时均较优的絮凝效果,并可形成粒径较大且密实的絮体,有利于悬浮物后续的沉降与分离。此外,P(SAC-AM)可同时实现废水中COD,Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+)等的少量去除。

中大口径、小长径比战斗部装药精密控制装备工艺工程化技术

针对中大口径、小长径比战斗部在注装药过程中存在的装药质量差、密度不均匀等问题,对悬浮类熔态炸药凝固特性进行研究,建立了一条新的精密注药工艺中试生产线。在分析工艺流程、工艺装备及装药质量的影响因素的基础上,对顺序凝固速度进行控制,设计了多工位程序搅拌装置,并进行了工艺试验及验证。该生产线已用于生产,使用结果表明,该技术能显著提高装药质量和装药密度,可广泛应用于各类智能化聚能战斗部炸药装药。

Productions of Taxol and Related Taxanes by Cell Suspension Cultures of Taxus yunnanensis

A high taxol yield cell line of Taxus yunnanensis Cheng et L. K. Fu keeps a high taxol_producing level after successive subcultures for more than eight years. In this study, eight taxanes were isolated from the suspension cell cultures of this cell line. Based on NMR and MS analyses, and comparison with literature data and standards, their structures were determined to be 2α,5α,10β_triacetoxy_14β_propionyloxy_4(20),11_taxadiene (1), 2α,5α,10β_triacetoxy_14β_(2′_methyl)_butyryloxy_4(20),11_taxadiene (2), 2α,5α,10β_14β_tetra_acetoxy_4 (20),11_taxadiene (3, taxuyunnanine C), 2α,5α,10β_triacetoxy_14β_(2′_methyl_3′_hydroxy)_butyryloxy_4(20),11_taxadiene (4, yunnanxane) and its 3′_epimer (5), baccatin Ⅳ (6), baccatin Ⅲ (7) and taxol (8), respectively. Among those compounds, 3, 5, 6 and 7 were reported to be isolated from the suspension cell cultures of T. yunnanensis for the first time. TLC and HPLC analyses indicated that the chemical constituents of the culture solution were similar to those of cultured cells. Moreover, the highest taxol content of this cell line reached 0.3% and the cell line could be applied for a large_scale culture.

金属离子络合丙烯酸基聚合物微胶囊的研制

采用类悬浮聚合法,制备了以丙烯酸基共聚物为壁材,相变材料——1-十二醇为芯材的微胶囊。采用场发射扫描电镜、X射线光电子能谱、X射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱、差示扫描量热和热重分析等测试手段,研究了金属离子络合对微胶囊的微观形貌、结构及性能的影响。这种价廉且相变焓较高的1-十二醇微胶囊经金属锰离子配位络合后,胶囊的热焓值从38.9J/g提升为51.6J/g,而胶囊的结晶峰值温度从4.5℃升至6.7℃,这反映出其囊壁的导热性能有所改善,在一定程度上抑制了过冷结晶。

Variations in retention efficiency of bivalves to different concentrations and organic content of suspended particles

Retention efficiencies (RE) of scallop (Chlamys farreri),oyster (Crassostrea gigas) and mussel (Mytilus edulis) in a flow-through system were measured to understand the short-term response to various particle and organic matter concentrations.By comparing the RE of C.farreri with that of C.gigas and M.edulis,we gained further knowledge on the feeding physiological characteristics of C.farreri and ascertained the possible cause of high summer mortalities of this species.The experimental feeding conditions included natural differences in the abundance and composition of suspended seston,as well as conditions in which seston abundance and composition were manipulated by adding natural silt or cultured microalgae.The results show that in natural sea water,the minimum particle size for maximal retention in M.edulis,C.gigas and C.farreri was approximately 4,6,and 8 μm,respectively;the RE of 2-μm (equivalent spherical diameter) particles was 17%,19%,and 8%,respectively;and the relative standardized RE was 58%,49%,and 18%,respectively.In C.gigas and M.edulis,the minimal particle size for maximal retention did not change with food quality (organic content).C.farreri was more sensitive to fluctuations in particle concentration and organic content.With particle concentration increase,the minimal particle size for maximal retention in scallop shifted to large particles and the RE for 2-μm particle decreased from 8% in natural seawater to 1.6%-6% in silt-enriched groups.With organic content increase,the minimal particle size for maximal retention shifted from 8 to 5 μm in natural seawater.Variation in RE of C.farreri with food conditions and the relationship between lower RE and smaller particle size may hamper C.farreri from food taking due to the decrease in the size distribution of phytoplankton in Sungo Bay.

Seasonal variation in fatty acid composition of seston and the copepod Calanus sinicus(Brodsky,1962)in Jiaozhou Bay and its trophic implications

The fatty acid compositions of seston and Calanus sinicus were investigated to study trophic relationships in Jiaozhou Bay. Principal component analysis was carried out to ordinate the fatty acid patterns of seston in stations and months. The results showed that diatoms were most abundant in the phytoplankton at station A5 （located in the northwest of the bay： 36~9＇N, 120~20＇E） and least abundant at station D7 （located outside of the bay： 35~59＇N, 120~26＇E）. By contrast, dinoflagellates were most abundant at station D7 and least abundant at station A5. According to the annual variations of 16：1 （o7 and 18：4（o3/ 16：1（o7, diatoms flourished mainly in spring and summer, while dinoflagellates bloomed exclusively in summer. A distinctive feature of the fatty acid composition of C. sinicus was the prevalence of 20：5o3 and 22：6（o3. The higher content of 16：1（o7 over 18：4（o3 in females indicated that diatoms contributed more than dinoflagellates to the diet of C. sinicus. The feeding intensity of C. sinicus on diatoms was higher in spring and autumn than in other seasons. The herbivorous indicators 20：1 and 22：1 were comparatively low, suggesting that besides phytoplankton, C. sinicus might feed on a wider range of particles including organic detritus, bacteria and small copepods.

低表面张力液滴类超疏悬浮状态实验

低表面能工质被广泛应用于各种工业和先进技术领域,如制冷剂喷雾冷却和微流控系统等,其润湿性和动力学行为的有效调控对提高分析过程的效率具有非常重要的作用.本文利用表面规则微孔的气流作用,调控低表面张力液滴的润湿行为,形成类超疏悬浮状态,并对该现象中液滴运动行为及润湿性变化规律开展研究.类超疏悬浮状态中,液滴的运动行为演变可以分为悬停、振荡、弹跳、脱离4个阶段,本文探究了弹跳阶段液滴重力势能与表面能之间的转换关系.类比Young’s方程,提出了类超疏悬浮状态中的类接触角概念,用于研究液滴不同阶段的润湿行为变化规律,分析了在惯性力和表面张力影响下液滴类接触角与韦伯数的关系.